jsoup select 选择器
问题
采用CSS或类似jquery 选择器（selector）语法来处理HTML文档中的数据。
方法
利用方法：Element.select(String selector)和Elements.select(String selector)。
File input = new File("/tmp/input.html");
Document doc = Jsoup.parse(input, "UTF-8", "http://example.com/");
Elements links = doc.select("a[href]"); // a with href
Elements pngs = doc.select("img[src$=.png]"); // img with src ending .png
Element masthead = doc.select("div.masthead").first();
// div with class=masthead
Elements resultLinks = doc.select("h3.r > a"); // direct a after h3
描述
Jsoup的元素支持类似CSS或（jquery）的选择器语法的查找匹配的元素，可实现功能强大且鲁棒性好的查询。
jsoup elements support a CSS(or jquery) like selector syntax to find matching elements, that allows very powerful and robust queries.
Select方法可作用于Document、Element或Elements，且是上下文相关的，因此可实现指定元素的过滤，或者链式选择访问。
The selectmethod is available in a Document, Element, or in Elements. It is contextual, so you can filter by selecting from a specific element, or by chaining select calls.
选择（操作）返回元素列表（Elements），并提供一组方法来提取或处理结果。
Select returns a list of Elements (as Elements), which provides a range of methods to extract and manipulate the results.
选择器概要（Selector overview）
- Tagname：通过标签查找元素（例如：a）
- ns|tag：通过标签在命名空间查找元素，例如：fb|name查找
- #id：通过ID查找元素，例如#logo
- .class：通过类型名称查找元素，例如.masthead
- [attribute]：带有属性的元素，例如[href]
- [^attr]：带有名称前缀的元素，例如[^data-]查找HTML5带有数据集（dataset）属性的元素
- [attr=value]：带有属性值的元素，例如[width=500]
- [attr^=value]，[attr$=value]，[attr*=value]：包含属性且其值以value开头、结尾或包含value的元素，例如[href*=/path/]
- [attr~=regex]：属性值满足正则表达式的元素，例如img[src~=(?i)\.(png|jpe?g)]
- *：所有元素，例如*
选择器组合方法
- el#id:：带有ID的元素ID，例如div#logo
- el.class：带类型的元素，例如. div.masthead
- el[attr]：包含属性的元素，例如a[href]
- 任意组合：例如a[href].highlight
- ancestor child：继承自某祖（父）元素的子元素，例如.body p查找“body”块下的p元素
- parent > child：直接为父元素后代的子元素，例如: div.content > pf查找p元素，body > * 查找body元素的直系子元素
- siblingA + siblingB：查找由同级元素A前导的同级元素，例如div.head + div
- siblingA ~ siblingX：查找同级元素A前导的同级元素X例如h1 ~ p
- el, el, el：多个选择器组合，查找匹配任一选择器的唯一元素，例如div.masthead, div.logo
伪选择器（Pseudo selectors）
- :lt(n)：查找索引值（即DOM树中相对于其父元素的位置）小于n的同级元素，例如td:lt(3)
- :gt(n)：查找查找索引值大于n的同级元素，例如div p:gt(2)
- :eq(n) ：查找索引值等于n的同级元素，例如form input:eq(1)
- :has(seletor)：查找匹配选择器包含元素的元素，例如div:has(p)
- :not(selector)：查找不匹配选择器的元素，例如div:not(.logo)
- :contains(text)：查找包含给定文本的元素，大小写铭感，例如p:contains(jsoup)
- :containsOwn(text)：查找直接包含给定文本的元素
- :matches(regex)：查找其文本匹配指定的正则表达式的元素，例如div:matches((?i)login)
- :matchesOwn(regex)：查找其自身文本匹配指定的正则表达式的元素
- 注意：上述伪选择器是0-基数的，亦即第一个元素索引值为0，第二个元素index为1等
详见SelectorAPI 参考资料所列全部信息和细节。
【原文】http://jsoup.org/cookbook/extracting-data/selector-syntax
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CSS-like element selector, that finds elements matching a query.
Selector syntax
A selector is a chain of simple selectors, separated by combinators. Selectors are case insensitive (including against elements, attributes, and attribute values).The universal selector (*) is implicit when no element selector is supplied (i.e.
*.header
and
.header
is equivalent).
| Pattern | Matches | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
* |
any element | * |
|
tag |
elements with the given tag name | div |
|
ns|E |
elements of type E in the namespace ns | fb|name finds |
|
#id |
elements with attribute ID of "id" | div#wrap, #logo |
|
.class |
elements with a class name of "class" | div.left, .result |
|
[attr] |
elements with an attribute named "attr" (with any value) | a[href], [title] |
|
[^attrPrefix] |
elements with an attribute name starting with "attrPrefix". Use to find elements with HTML5 datasets | [^data-], div[^data-] |
|
[attr=val] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value equal to "val" | img[width=500], a[rel=nofollow] |
|
[attr^=valPrefix] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value starting with "valPrefix" | a[href^=http:] |
|
[attr$=valSuffix] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value ending with "valSuffix" | img[src$=.png] |
|
[attr*=valContaining] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value containing "valContaining" | a[href*=/search/] |
|
[attr~=regex] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value matching the regular expression | img[src~=(?i)\\.(png|jpe?g)] |
|
| The above may be combined in any order | div.header[title] |
||
Combinators |
|||
E F |
an F element descended from an E element | div a, .logo h1 |
|
E > F |
an F direct child of E | ol > li |
|
E + F |
an F element immediately preceded by sibling E | li + li, div.head + div |
|
E ~ F |
an F element preceded by sibling E | h1 ~ p |
|
E, F, G |
all matching elements E, F, or G | a[href], div, h3 |
|
Pseudo selectors |
|||
:lt(n) |
elements whose sibling index is less than n | td:lt(3) finds the first 2 cells of each row |
|
:gt(n) |
elements whose sibling index is greater than n | td:gt(1) finds cells after skipping the first two |
|
:eq(n) |
elements whose sibling index is equal to n | td:eq(0) finds the first cell of each row |
|
:has(selector) |
elements that contains at least one element matching the selector | div:has(p) finds divs that contain p elements |
|
:not(selector) |
elements that do not match the selector. See also Elements.not(String) |
div:not(.logo) finds all divs that do not have the "logo" class.div:not(:has(div)) finds divs that do not contain divs. |
|
:contains(text) |
elements that contains the specified text. The search is case insensitive. The text may appear in the found element, or any of its descendants. | p:contains(jsoup) finds p elements containing the text "jsoup". |
|
:matches(regex) |
elements whose text matches the specified regular expression. The text may appear in the found element, or any of its descendants. | td:matches(\\d+) finds table cells containing digits. div:matches((?i)login) finds divs containing the text, case insensitively. |
|
:containsOwn(text) |
elements that directly contain the specified text. The search is case insensitive. The text must appear in the found element, not any of its descendants. | p:containsOwn(jsoup) finds p elements with own text "jsoup". |
|
:matchesOwn(regex) |
elements whose own text matches the specified regular expression. The text must appear in the found element, not any of its descendants. | td:matchesOwn(\\d+) finds table cells directly containing digits.div:matchesOwn((?i)login) finds divs containing the text, case insensitively. |
|
| The above may be combined in any order and with other selectors | .light:contains(name):eq(0) |
||
Structural pseudo selectors |
|||
:root |
The element that is the root of the document. In HTML, this is the html element |
:root |
|
:nth-child(an+b) |
elements that have :nth-child() can take odd and even as arguments instead. odd has the same signification as 2n+1, and even has the same signification as 2n. |
tr:nth-child(2n+1) finds every odd row of a table. :nth-child(10n-1) the 9th, 19th, 29th, etc, element. li:nth-child(5) the 5h li |
|
:nth-last-child(an+b) |
elements that have an+b-1 siblings after it in the document tree. Otherwise like :nth-child() |
tr:nth-last-child(-n+2) the last two rows of a table |
|
:nth-of-type(an+b) |
pseudo-class notation represents an element that has an+b-1 siblings with the same expanded element name before it in the document tree, for any zero or positive integer value of n, and has a parent element |
img:nth-of-type(2n+1) |
|
:nth-last-of-type(an+b) |
pseudo-class notation represents an element that has an+b-1 siblings with the same expanded element name after it in the document tree, for any zero or positive integer value of n, and has a parent element |
img:nth-last-of-type(2n+1) |
|
:first-child |
elements that are the first child of some other element. | div > p:first-child |
|
:last-child |
elements that are the last child of some other element. | ol > li:last-child |
|
:first-of-type |
elements that are the first sibling of its type in the list of children of its parent element | dl dt:first-of-type |
|
:last-of-type |
elements that are the last sibling of its type in the list of children of its parent element | tr > td:last-of-type |
|
:only-child |
elements that have a parent element and whose parent element hasve no other element children | ||
:only-of-type |
an element that has a parent element and whose parent element has no other element children with the same expanded element name | ||
:empty |
elements that have no children at all | ||
问题
采用CSS或类似jquery 选择器（selector）语法来处理HTML文档中的数据。
方法
利用方法：Element.select(String selector)和Elements.select(String selector)。
File input = new File("/tmp/input.html");
Document doc = Jsoup.parse(input, "UTF-8", "http://example.com/");
Elements links = doc.select("a[href]"); // a with href
Elements pngs = doc.select("img[src$=.png]"); // img with src ending .png
Element masthead = doc.select("div.masthead").first();
// div with class=masthead
Elements resultLinks = doc.select("h3.r > a"); // direct a after h3
描述
Jsoup的元素支持类似CSS或（jquery）的选择器语法的查找匹配的元素，可实现功能强大且鲁棒性好的查询。
jsoup elements support a CSS(or jquery) like selector syntax to find matching elements, that allows very powerful and robust queries.
Select方法可作用于Document、Element或Elements，且是上下文相关的，因此可实现指定元素的过滤，或者链式选择访问。
The selectmethod is available in a Document, Element, or in Elements. It is contextual, so you can filter by selecting from a specific element, or by chaining select calls.
选择（操作）返回元素列表（Elements），并提供一组方法来提取或处理结果。
Select returns a list of Elements (as Elements), which provides a range of methods to extract and manipulate the results.
选择器概要（Selector overview）
- Tagname：通过标签查找元素（例如：a）
- ns|tag：通过标签在命名空间查找元素，例如：fb|name查找
- #id：通过ID查找元素，例如#logo
- .class：通过类型名称查找元素，例如.masthead
- [attribute]：带有属性的元素，例如[href]
- [^attr]：带有名称前缀的元素，例如[^data-]查找HTML5带有数据集（dataset）属性的元素
- [attr=value]：带有属性值的元素，例如[width=500]
- [attr^=value]，[attr$=value]，[attr*=value]：包含属性且其值以value开头、结尾或包含value的元素，例如[href*=/path/]
- [attr~=regex]：属性值满足正则表达式的元素，例如img[src~=(?i)\.(png|jpe?g)]
- *：所有元素，例如*
选择器组合方法
- el#id:：带有ID的元素ID，例如div#logo
- el.class：带类型的元素，例如. div.masthead
- el[attr]：包含属性的元素，例如a[href]
- 任意组合：例如a[href].highlight
- ancestor child：继承自某祖（父）元素的子元素，例如.body p查找“body”块下的p元素
- parent > child：直接为父元素后代的子元素，例如: div.content > pf查找p元素，body > * 查找body元素的直系子元素
- siblingA + siblingB：查找由同级元素A前导的同级元素，例如div.head + div
- siblingA ~ siblingX：查找同级元素A前导的同级元素X例如h1 ~ p
- el, el, el：多个选择器组合，查找匹配任一选择器的唯一元素，例如div.masthead, div.logo
伪选择器（Pseudo selectors）
- :lt(n)：查找索引值（即DOM树中相对于其父元素的位置）小于n的同级元素，例如td:lt(3)
- :gt(n)：查找查找索引值大于n的同级元素，例如div p:gt(2)
- :eq(n) ：查找索引值等于n的同级元素，例如form input:eq(1)
- :has(seletor)：查找匹配选择器包含元素的元素，例如div:has(p)
- :not(selector)：查找不匹配选择器的元素，例如div:not(.logo)
- :contains(text)：查找包含给定文本的元素，大小写铭感，例如p:contains(jsoup)
- :containsOwn(text)：查找直接包含给定文本的元素
- :matches(regex)：查找其文本匹配指定的正则表达式的元素，例如div:matches((?i)login)
- :matchesOwn(regex)：查找其自身文本匹配指定的正则表达式的元素
- 注意：上述伪选择器是0-基数的，亦即第一个元素索引值为0，第二个元素index为1等
详见SelectorAPI 参考资料所列全部信息和细节。
【原文】http://jsoup.org/cookbook/extracting-data/selector-syntax
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CSS-like element selector, that finds elements matching a query.
Selector syntax
A selector is a chain of simple selectors, separated by combinators. Selectors are case insensitive (including against elements, attributes, and attribute values).The universal selector (*) is implicit when no element selector is supplied (i.e.
*.header
and
.header
is equivalent).
| Pattern | Matches | Example | |
|---|---|---|---|
* |
any element | * |
|
tag |
elements with the given tag name | div |
|
ns|E |
elements of type E in the namespace ns | fb|name finds |
|
#id |
elements with attribute ID of "id" | div#wrap, #logo |
|
.class |
elements with a class name of "class" | div.left, .result |
|
[attr] |
elements with an attribute named "attr" (with any value) | a[href], [title] |
|
[^attrPrefix] |
elements with an attribute name starting with "attrPrefix". Use to find elements with HTML5 datasets | [^data-], div[^data-] |
|
[attr=val] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value equal to "val" | img[width=500], a[rel=nofollow] |
|
[attr^=valPrefix] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value starting with "valPrefix" | a[href^=http:] |
|
[attr$=valSuffix] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value ending with "valSuffix" | img[src$=.png] |
|
[attr*=valContaining] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value containing "valContaining" | a[href*=/search/] |
|
[attr~=regex] |
elements with an attribute named "attr", and value matching the regular expression | img[src~=(?i)\\.(png|jpe?g)] |
|
| The above may be combined in any order | div.header[title] |
||
Combinators |
|||
E F |
an F element descended from an E element | div a, .logo h1 |
|
E > F |
an F direct child of E | ol > li |
|
E + F |
an F element immediately preceded by sibling E | li + li, div.head + div |
|
E ~ F |
an F element preceded by sibling E | h1 ~ p |
|
E, F, G |
all matching elements E, F, or G | a[href], div, h3 |
|
Pseudo selectors |
|||
:lt(n) |
elements whose sibling index is less than n | td:lt(3) finds the first 2 cells of each row |
|
:gt(n) |
elements whose sibling index is greater than n | td:gt(1) finds cells after skipping the first two |
|
:eq(n) |
elements whose sibling index is equal to n | td:eq(0) finds the first cell of each row |
|
:has(selector) |
elements that contains at least one element matching the selector | div:has(p) finds divs that contain p elements |
|
:not(selector) |
elements that do not match the selector. See also Elements.not(String) |
div:not(.logo) finds all divs that do not have the "logo" class.div:not(:has(div)) finds divs that do not contain divs. |
|
:contains(text) |
elements that contains the specified text. The search is case insensitive. The text may appear in the found element, or any of its descendants. | p:contains(jsoup) finds p elements containing the text "jsoup". |
|
:matches(regex) |
elements whose text matches the specified regular expression. The text may appear in the found element, or any of its descendants. | td:matches(\\d+) finds table cells containing digits. div:matches((?i)login) finds divs containing the text, case insensitively. |
|
:containsOwn(text) |
elements that directly contain the specified text. The search is case insensitive. The text must appear in the found element, not any of its descendants. | p:containsOwn(jsoup) finds p elements with own text "jsoup". |
|
:matchesOwn(regex) |
elements whose own text matches the specified regular expression. The text must appear in the found element, not any of its descendants. | td:matchesOwn(\\d+) finds table cells directly containing digits.div:matchesOwn((?i)login) finds divs containing the text, case insensitively. |
|
| The above may be combined in any order and with other selectors | .light:contains(name):eq(0) |
||
Structural pseudo selectors |
|||
:root |
The element that is the root of the document. In HTML, this is the html element |
:root |
|
:nth-child(an+b) |
elements that have :nth-child() can take odd and even as arguments instead. odd has the same signification as 2n+1, and even has the same signification as 2n. |
tr:nth-child(2n+1) finds every odd row of a table. :nth-child(10n-1) the 9th, 19th, 29th, etc, element. li:nth-child(5) the 5h li |
|
:nth-last-child(an+b) |
elements that have an+b-1 siblings after it in the document tree. Otherwise like :nth-child() |
tr:nth-last-child(-n+2) the last two rows of a table |
|
:nth-of-type(an+b) |
pseudo-class notation represents an element that has an+b-1 siblings with the same expanded element name before it in the document tree, for any zero or positive integer value of n, and has a parent element |
img:nth-of-type(2n+1) |
|
:nth-last-of-type(an+b) |
pseudo-class notation represents an element that has an+b-1 siblings with the same expanded element name after it in the document tree, for any zero or positive integer value of n, and has a parent element |
img:nth-last-of-type(2n+1) |
|
:first-child |
elements that are the first child of some other element. | div > p:first-child |
|
:last-child |
elements that are the last child of some other element. | ol > li:last-child |
|
:first-of-type |
elements that are the first sibling of its type in the list of children of its parent element | dl dt:first-of-type |
|
:last-of-type |
elements that are the last sibling of its type in the list of children of its parent element | tr > td:last-of-type |
|
:only-child |
elements that have a parent element and whose parent element hasve no other element children | ||
:only-of-type |
an element that has a parent element and whose parent element has no other element children with the same expanded element name | ||
:empty |
elements that have no children at all | ||