CentOS6中，安装PHP7

最近在安装Zabbix管理工具的时候遇到了PHP安装的问题, 折腾了一阵, 总算搞定, 期间查了一些资料, 分享出来, 供大家参考, 少走些弯路.

更新软件源[1]

wget https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm
wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-6.rpm
rpm -Uvh remi-release-6.rpm epel-release-latest-6.noarch.rpm

安装php7[2][3]

yum install -y php70 php70-php php70-php-pear php70-php-bcmath php70-php-pecl-jsond-devel php70-php-mysqlnd php70-php-gd php70-php-common php70-php-fpm php70-php-intl php70-php-cli php70-php php70-php-xml php70-php-opcache php70-php-pecl-apcu php70-php-pecl-jsond php70-php-pdo php70-php-gmp php70-php-process php70-php-pecl-imagick php70-php-devel php70-php-mbstring php70-php-mcrypt

查看php70和php70-php-fpm的安装路径[4]

rpm -qa php70
# php70-1.0-5.el6.remi.x86_64
rpm -ql php70-1.0-5.el6.remi.x86_64
(contains no files)
#######
rpm -qa php70-php-fpm
# php70-php-fpm-7.0.8-1.el6.remi.x86_64
rpm -ql php70-php-fpm-7.0.8-1.el6.remi.x86_64
# /etc/logrotate.d/php70-php-fpm
# /etc/opt/remi/php70/php-fpm.conf # php-fpm的配置文件
# /etc/opt/remi/php70/php-fpm.d
# /etc/opt/remi/php70/php-fpm.d/www.conf # www的配置文件
# /etc/opt/remi/php70/sysconfig/php-fpm
# /etc/rc.d/init.d/php70-php-fpm
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/sbin/php-fpm # 二进制的位置
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/doc/php70-php-fpm-7.0.8
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/doc/php70-php-fpm-7.0.8/fpm_LICENSE
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/doc/php70-php-fpm-7.0.8/php-fpm.conf.default
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/doc/php70-php-fpm-7.0.8/www.conf.default
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/fpm
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/fpm/status.html
# /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/share/man/man8/php-fpm.8.gz
# /var/opt/remi/php70/lib/php/opcache
# /var/opt/remi/php70/lib/php/session
# /var/opt/remi/php70/lib/php/wsdlcache
# /var/opt/remi/php70/log/php-fpm
# /var/opt/remi/php70/run/php-fpm

可以看到, rpm -ql php70-php-fpm-7.0.8-1.el6.remi.x86_64并没有列出php70的文件详细信息,根据[5]中的解释, yum默认把软件包安装在以下位置

1. 二进制： /usr/bin
2. 类库: /usr/lib
3. 头文件: /usr/include
   所以，我们可以在/usr/bin中找到php70

为php和php-fpm制作符号链接

cp /usr/bin/php{,.bak}
ln -s /usr/bin/php70 /usr/bin/php
cp /usr/sbin/php-fpm{,.bak}
ln -s /opt/remi/php70/root/usr/sbin/php-fpm /usr/sbin/php-fpm

检查并启动php-fpm

php -v
# PHP 7.0.8 (cli) (built: Jun 22 2016 11:05:30) ( NTS )
# Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
# Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
#     with Zend OPcache v7.0.8, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies

php-fpm -v
# PHP 7.0.8 (fpm-fcgi) (built: Jun 22 2016 11:06:37)
# Copyright (c) 1997-2016 The PHP Group
# Zend Engine v3.0.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2016 Zend Technologies
#     with Zend OPcache v7.0.8, Copyright (c) 1999-2016, by Zend Technologies

php -i|less 
# Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /etc/opt/remi/php70
# Loaded Configuration File => /etc/opt/remi/php70/php.ini# 配置文件php.ini的位置

service php-fpm restart # 启动php-fpm

ps aux|grep php-fpm
# 或者
lsof -P -i:9000 # php-fpm默认监听9000端口, 该配置可以在`php-fpm`特定于`www`的配置文件(`/etc/opt/remi/php70/php-fpm.d/www.conf`)中的`listen`参数修改

(可选)修改配置文件

从上面的步骤中，我们知道了:
1. php的配置文件(php.ini)在
/etc/opt/remi/php70/php.ini. 我们可以修改post_max_size, max_execution_time, max_input_time, date.timezone等. 其中date.timezone根据[6]的描述，可以设置为Asia/Shanghai
2. php-fpm特定于www的配置文件在/etc/opt/remi/php70/php-fpm.d/www.conf.我们可以修改监听端口listen, 运行的用户名user和用户组group等.
3. 以上任意2个文件修改完成后, 都只需要重启php-fpm即可: service php-fpm restart

参考

[1]English : Repository Configuration

[2]Install PHP7 from Remi repo

[3]How to Install PHP 7 on CentOS 7 (Red Hat/Fedora family)

[4]如何查看yum安装的软件路径

[5]Default path for installed binary?

[6]It is not safe to rely on the system’s timezone settings