Android应用的persistent属性

转:http://my.oschina.net/youranhongcha/blog/269591


启动persistent应用

    在Android系统中,有一种永久性应用。它们对应的AndroidManifest.xml文件里,会将persistent属性设为true,比如:

android:persistent="true"

android:label="@string/dialerIconLabel"

android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher_phone">


   
在系统启动之时,AMS的systemReady()会加载所有persistent为true的应用。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

public void systemReady(final Runnable goingCallback)

{

    . . . . . .

    . . . . . .

    try {

        List apps = AppGlobals.getPackageManager().

                        getPersistentApplications(STOCK_PM_FLAGS);

        if (apps != null)

        {

            int N = apps.size();

            int i;

             

            for (i=0; i

            {

                ApplicationInfo info = (ApplicationInfo)apps.get(i);

                if (info != null &&

                        !info.packageName.equals("android"))

                {

                    addAppLocked(info, false);

                }

            }

        }

    }

    catch (RemoteException ex) {

        // pm is in same process, this will never happen.

    }

其中的STOCK_PM_FLAGS的定义如下:

// The flags that are set for all calls we make to the package manager.

static final int STOCK_PM_FLAGS = PackageManager.GET_SHARED_LIBRARY_FILES;

上面代码中的getPersistentApplications()函数的定义如下:

public List getPersistentApplications(int flags)

{

    final ArrayList finalList = new ArrayList();

 

 

    // reader

    synchronized (mPackages)

    {

        final Iterator i = mPackages.values().iterator();

        final int userId = UserId.getCallingUserId();

        while (i.hasNext())

        {

            final PackageParser.Package p = i.next();

            if (p.applicationInfo != null

                && (p.applicationInfo.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT) != 0

                && (!mSafeMode || isSystemApp(p)))

            {

                PackageSetting ps = mSettings.mPackages.get(p.packageName);

                finalList.add(PackageParser.generateApplicationInfo(p, flags,

                        ps != null ? ps.getStopped(userId) : false,

                        ps != null ? ps.getEnabled(userId) : COMPONENT_ENABLED_STATE_DEFAULT,

                        userId));

            }

        }

    }

 

    return finalList;

}

 

    在PKMS中,有一个记录所有的程序包信息的哈希表(mPackages),每个表项中含有ApplicationInfo信息,该信息的flags(int型)数据中有一个专门的bit用于表示persistent。getPersistentApplications()函数会遍历这张表,找出所有persistent包,并返回ArrayList

 

    从代码里可以看出,带persistent标志的系统应用(即flags中设置了FLAG_SYSTEM)是一定会被选上的,但如果不是系统应用的话,则要进一步判断当前是否处于“安全模式”,一旦处于安全模式,那么就算应用设置了persistent属性,也不会被选中。

    随后systemReady()开始遍历选中的ApplicationInfo,并对包名不为“android”的结点执行addAppLocked()。addAppLocked()的代码如下:

final ProcessRecord addAppLocked(ApplicationInfo info, boolean isolated)

{

    ProcessRecord app;

    if (!isolated) {

        app = getProcessRecordLocked(info.processName, info.uid);

    } else {

        app = null;

    }

 

    if (app == null) {

        app = newProcessRecordLocked(null, info, null, isolated);

        mProcessNames.put(info.processName, app.uid, app);

        if (isolated) {

            mIsolatedProcesses.put(app.uid, app);

        }

        updateLruProcessLocked(app, true, true);

    }

 

    // This package really, really can not be stopped.

    try {

        AppGlobals.getPackageManager().setPackageStoppedState(

                info.packageName, false, UserId.getUserId(app.uid));

    } catch (RemoteException e) {

    } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {

        Slog.w(TAG, "Failed trying to unstop package "

                + info.packageName + ": " + e);

    }

 

    if ((info.flags&(ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM|ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT))

            == (ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM|ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT)) {

        app.persistent = true;

        app.maxAdj = ProcessList.PERSISTENT_PROC_ADJ;

    }

    if (app.thread == null && mPersistentStartingProcesses.indexOf(app) < 0) {

        mPersistentStartingProcesses.add(app);

        startProcessLocked(app, "added application", app.processName);

    }

 

    return app;

}

 

    在AMS中,所谓的“add App”主要是指“添加一个与App进程对应的ProcessRecord节点”。当然,如果该节点已经添加过了,那么是不会重复添加的。在添加节点的动作完成以后,addAppLocked()还会检查App进程是否已经启动好了,如果尚未开始启动,此时就会调用startProcessLocked()启动这个进程。既然addAppLocked()试图确认App“正在正常运作”或者“将被正常启动”,那么其对应的package就不可能处于stopped状态,这就是上面代码调用setPackageStoppedState(...,false,...)的意思。

 

    现在,我们就清楚了,那些persistent属性为true的应用,基本上都是在系统启动伊始就启动起来的。

    因为启动进程的过程是异步的,所以我们需要一个缓冲列表(即上面代码中的mPersistentStartingProcesses列表)来记录那些“正处于启动状态,而又没有启动完毕的”ProcessRecord结点。一旦目标进程启动完毕后,目标进程会attach系统,于是走到AMS的attachApplicationLocked(),在这个函数里,会把目标进程对应的ProcessRecord结点从mPersistentStartingProcesses缓冲列表里删除。

private final boolean attachApplicationLocked(IApplicationThread thread, int pid) {

 

        // Find the application record that is being attached...  either via

        // the pid if we are running in multiple processes, or just pull the

        // next app record if we are emulating process with anonymous threads.

        ProcessRecord app;

         

        . . . . . .

        thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(adr, 0);

        . . . . . .

        thread.bindApplication(processName, appInfo, providers,

                    app.instrumentationClass, profileFile, profileFd, profileAutoStop,

                    app.instrumentationArguments, app.instrumentationWatcher, testMode,

                    enableOpenGlTrace, isRestrictedBackupMode || !normalMode,

                    app.persistent,

                    new Configuration(mConfiguration), app.compat,

                    getCommonServicesLocked(),

                    mCoreSettingsObserver.getCoreSettingsLocked());

        . . . . . .

        . . . . . .

        // Remove this record from the list of starting applications.

        mPersistentStartingProcesses.remove(app);

        . . . . . .

如何保证应用的持久性(persistent

    我们知道,persistent一词的意思是“持久”,那么persistent应用的意思又是什么呢?简单地说,这种应用会顽固地运行于系统之中,从系统一启动,一直到系统关机。

    为了保证这种持久性,persistent应用必须能够在异常出现时,自动重新启动。在Android里是这样实现的。每个ActivityThread中会有一个专门和AMS通信的binder实体——final ApplicationThread mAppThread。这个实体在AMS中对应的代理接口为IApplicationThread。

    当AMS执行到attachApplicationLocked()时,会针对目标用户进程的IApplicationThread接口,注册一个binder讣告监听器,一旦日后用户进程意外挂掉,AMS就能在第一时间感知到,并采取相应的措施。如果AMS发现意外挂掉的应用是persistent的,它会尝试重新启动这个应用。

    注册讣告监听器的代码如下:

AppDeathRecipient adr = new AppDeathRecipient(app, pid, thread);

thread.asBinder().linkToDeath(adr, 0);

app.deathRecipient = adr;

其中的thread就是IApplicationThread代理。

   AppDeathRecipient的定义如下:

private final class AppDeathRecipient implements IBinder.DeathRecipient

{

    final ProcessRecord mApp;

    final int mPid;

    final IApplicationThread mAppThread;

 

    AppDeathRecipient(ProcessRecord app, int pid,

            IApplicationThread thread)

    {

        if (localLOGV)

            Slog.v(TAG, "New death recipient " + this

                   + " for thread " + thread.asBinder());

        mApp = app;

        mPid = pid;

        mAppThread = thread;

    }

 

    public void binderDied()

    {

        if (localLOGV)

            Slog.v(TAG, "Death received in " + this

                   + " for thread " + mAppThread.asBinder());

        synchronized(ActivityManagerService.this)

        {

            appDiedLocked(mApp, mPid, mAppThread);

        }

    }

}

当其监听的binder实体死亡时,系统会回调AppDeathRecipient的binderDied()。这个回调函数会辗转重启persistent应用,调用关系如下:

 

    一般情况下,当一个应用进程挂掉后,AMS当然会清理掉其对应的ProcessRecord,这就是cleanUpApplicationRecordLocked()的主要工作。然而,对于persistent应用,cleanUpApplicationRecordLocked()会尝试再次启动对应的应用进程。代码截选如下:

private final void cleanUpApplicationRecordLocked(ProcessRecord app,

                                                  boolean restarting,

                                                  boolean allowRestart, int index)

{

    . . . . . .

    . . . . . .

    if (!app.persistent || app.isolated)

    {

        . . . . . .

        mProcessNames.remove(app.processName, app.uid);

        mIsolatedProcesses.remove(app.uid);

        . . . . . .

    }

    else if (!app.removed)

    {

        if (mPersistentStartingProcesses.indexOf(app) < 0) {

            mPersistentStartingProcesses.add(app);

            restart = true;

        }

    }

    . . . . . .

    . . . . . .

    if (restart && !app.isolated)

    {

        mProcessNames.put(app.processName, app.uid, app);

        startProcessLocked(app, "restart", app.processName);

    }

    else if (app.pid > 0 && app.pid != MY_PID)

    {

        . . . . . .

    }

    . . . . . .

}

    现在我们可以画一张关于“启动persistent应用”的示意图:

 

补充知识点

 

3.1 persistent应用可以在系统未准备好时启动

    在AMS中,有一个isAllowedWhileBooting()函数,其代码如下:

boolean isAllowedWhileBooting(ApplicationInfo ai)

{

    return (ai.flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_PERSISTENT) != 0;

}


   
从这个函数可以看到,将persistent属性设为true的应用,是允许在boot的过程中启动的。我们可以查看前文提到的startProcessLocked()函数:

final ProcessRecord startProcessLocked(String processName,

                                       ApplicationInfo info, boolean knownToBeDead,

                                       int intentFlags,

                                       String hostingType, ComponentName hostingName,

                                       boolean allowWhileBooting,

                                       boolean isolated)

{

    ProcessRecord app;

     

    if (!isolated)

    {

        app = getProcessRecordLocked(processName, info.uid);

    }

    else

    {

        // If this is an isolated process, it can't re-use an existing process.

        app = null;

    }

 

    . . . . . .

    . . . . . .

     

    if (!mProcessesReady

        && !isAllowedWhileBooting(info)

        && !allowWhileBooting) {

        if (!mProcessesOnHold.contains(app)) {

            mProcessesOnHold.add(app);

        }

        if (DEBUG_PROCESSES) Slog.v(TAG, "System not ready, putting on hold: " + app);

        return app;

    }

 

    startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr);

    return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;

}

其中的最后几句可以改写为以下更易理解的形式:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

if  (mProcessesReady || isAllowedWhileBooting(info) || allowWhileBooting)

{

    startProcessLocked(app, hostingType, hostingNameStr);

    return (app.pid != 0) ? app : null;

}

else

{

    . . . . . .

    return app;

}

 

    也就是说,当系统已经处于以下几种情况时,多参数的startProcessLocked()会进一步调用另一个只有三个参数的startProcessLocked():
1)系统已经处于ready状态;
2)想要启动persistent应用;
3)参数中明确指定可以在boot过程中启动应用。

    补充说一下,一般情况下,当AMS调用startProcessLocked()时,传入的allowWhileBooting参数都为false。比如说,当系统需要启动“某个content provider或者某个service或者某个特定activity”时,此时传给startProcessLocked()的allowWhileBooting参数是写死为false的。只有一种特殊情况下会在该参数中传入true,那就是当系统发出的广播intent中携带有Intent.FLAG_RECEIVER_BOOT_UPGRADE标记时,此时允许在系统未ready时,启动接受广播的目标进程。

结束

    有关Android应用的persistent属性,我们就先说这么多。希望对大家有点儿帮助。

 

 


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