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开发环境:Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
本文的技术实现部分参考雷博士的这篇文章。http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/42078645
1、现在网上关于H264的文章有很多,但是我个人认为最好的就是雷霄骅博士的x264部分的文章最详细。所以许多的细节部分,我推荐大家去雷博士的blog去看。本文只提及我们使用Libx264时候,我们要注意的问题。
2、 使用Libx264时候,我们需要关注的东西(下面用我的代码来说明假如我们要使用Libx264,那么我们需要注意的几个事情)。
//encoder
x264_t * pX264Handle;//结构体是一个编码器实例句柄,要使用这个编码库,我们必须有一个这种变量,没有为啥。
//param
x264_param_t * pX264Param;//这个结构体就比较重要了,他是我们设置编码器参数的载体,我们必须具体的了解各种参数的意义。具体参数在下一节进行分析。
//input,output pic
x264_picture_t *pPic_In;//这就是YUV输入图像和输出图像的载体,这里面有一个pts参数需要注意,下面小节进行说明。
x264_picture_t *pPic_Out;
//output h264 stream
x264_nal_t * pNals;//这个也是比较重要的一个东西,他的作用是用来保存编码后,网络抽象层所保存的数据(NAL HEADER,NAL BODY),想具体了解,可以去看H264编码原理。
//user config callback
//UESER_CONF_CALLBACK yX264_UserConfig;
int (*yX264_UserConfig)(struct ymx264 * mvl);//私有,忽略
//pi_nal is the number of NAL units
int pi_nal;//网络抽象单元个数
3、 编码器参数分析
//* cpuFlags
mvl->pX264Param->i_threads = X264_SYNC_LOOKAHEAD_AUTO;//* 取空缓冲区继续使用不死锁的保证.
//* 视频选项
mvl->pX264Param->i_width = FRAME_WIDTH; //* 要编码的图像宽度.
mvl->pX264Param->i_height = FRAME_HEIGHT; //* 要编码的图像高度
mvl->pX264Param->i_frame_total = 0; //* 编码总帧数.不知道用0.
/* Force an IDR keyframe at this interval */
mvl->pX264Param->i_keyint_max = 10; //这个参数很重要,控制i帧的频率
mvl->pX264Param->b_repeat_headers = 1; // 重复SPS/PPS 放到关键帧前面//做实时流播放,此参数必须ENABLE
//* 流参数
//* how many b-frame between 2 references pictures */
mvl->pX264Param->i_bframe = 5;
//
mvl->pX264Param->b_open_gop = 0;
//* Keep some B-frames as references: 0=off, 1=strict hierarchical, 2=normal */
mvl->pX264Param->i_bframe_pyramid = 0;
//
mvl->pX264Param->i_bframe_adaptive = X264_B_ADAPT_TRELLIS;
//* Log参数,不需要打印编码信息时直接注释掉就行
//mvl->pX264Param->i_log_level = X264_LOG_DEBUG;
//* 速率控制参数
//pX264Param->rc.i_bitrate = 1024 * 10;//* 码率(比特率,单位Kbps) ,重要
//* muxing parameters 帧率控制,重要。
mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_den = 1; //* 帧率分母
mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_num = Y_STREAM_FPS;//* 帧率分子
mvl->pX264Param->i_timebase_den = mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_num;
mvl->pX264Param->i_timebase_num = mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_den;
最后,我们需要注意一点:关于我们设置的帧率的问题,不一定是设置多少,播放的时候就是多少,只是一个参考值,编码器会尽量的把视频编码为这个帧率。
4、x264_picture_t * pPic_In->i_pts += 1; 此参数非常重要。如果不进行设置,视频流将不会正常播放。
/*
PTS:Presentation Time Stamp。PTS主要用于度量解码后的视频帧什么时候被显示出来
DTS:Decode Time Stamp。DTS主要是标识读入内存中的bit流在什么时候开始送入解码器中进行解码。
*/
5、关于颜色空间的问题,大家可以去百度YUV 420 ,YUV 422,YUV 444等这些原始图像的存储问题。具体来说,他们分为两类,一种是分组存储(例如:YYY*UUU*VVV*),一种是交叉存储(例如:YUYV)
6、此模块我的源代码
ym_x264.h
/*
FileName:ym_x264.h
Version:1.0
Description:
Created On: 2017-3-19
Modified date:
Author:Sky
*/
#ifndef _YM_X264_H
#define _YM_X264_H
#ifdef __cplusplus
#if __cplusplus
extern "C"{
#endif
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define CLEAR_MEM(x) memset(&(x),0,sizeof(x))
enum yX264Cmd{
DO_DEFAULT_PRESET = 0,
DO_DEFAULT_USERCONF = 1,
DO_PARAM_APPLY_PROFILE = 2,
OPEN_ENCODER = 3,
ENCODER_ENCODE = 4,
};
enum yX264ColorSpace{
Y_CSP_I444 = 0,
Y_CSP_I422 = 1,
Y_CSP_I420 = 2,
Y_CSP_YUYV = 3,
};
//typedef struct ymx264 yMX264;
typedef struct ymx264{
//encoder
x264_t * pX264Handle;
//param
x264_param_t * pX264Param;
//input,output pic
x264_picture_t *pPic_In;
x264_picture_t *pPic_Out;
//output h264 stream
x264_nal_t * pNals;
//user config callback
//UESER_CONF_CALLBACK yX264_UserConfig;
int (*yX264_UserConfig)(struct ymx264 * mvl);
//pi_nal is the number of NAL units
int pi_nal;
long cur_pts;
}yMX264;
typedef int (*UESER_CONF_CALLBACK)(yMX264 * mvl);
int yInitMX264(yMX264 * mvl);
int yDestroyMX264(yMX264 * mvl);
int yIoctlX264(enum yX264Cmd cmd,...);
//CSC = ColorSpaceCovert,FIP = Fill In_Pic
int yDoCSC_And_FIP(yMX264 * mvl,enum yX264ColorSpace t_csp, int cache_id);
int yDo_Default_UserConf(yMX264 * mvl);
#ifdef __cplusplus
#if __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif /* __cplusplus */
#endif
ym_x264.c
/*
FileName:ym_x264.c
Version:1.0
Description:
Created On: 2017-3-19
Modified date:
Author:Sky
*/
/*
x264_param_default():设置参数集结构体x264_param_t的缺省值。
x264_picture_alloc():为图像结构体x264_picture_t分配内存。
x264_encoder_open():打开编码器。
x264_encoder_encode():编码一帧图像。
x264_encoder_close():关闭编码器。
x264_picture_clean():释放x264_picture_alloc()申请的资源。
存储数据的结构体如下所示。
x264_picture_t:存储压缩编码前的像素数据。
x264_nal_t:存储压缩编码后的码流数据。
*/
#include
uint8_t ImgCache[ImageCacheNum][FRAME_SIZE];
int yInitMX264(yMX264 * mvl){
mvl->pX264Param = (x264_param_t *)malloc(sizeof(x264_param_t));
// for (int i = 0; i < ImageCacheNum; i++){
mvl->pPic_In = (x264_picture_t *)malloc(sizeof(x264_picture_t));
mvl->pPic_Out = (x264_picture_t *)malloc(sizeof(x264_picture_t));
mvl->pNals = NULL;
mvl->pi_nal = 0;
x264_picture_init(mvl->pPic_Out);
x264_picture_alloc(mvl->pPic_In, FRAME_COLORSPACE, FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_HEIGHT);
// PTS FROM 0,AND AUTO INCRESE 1
mvl->pPic_In->i_pts = 0;
// }
mvl->cur_pts = 0;
return 0;
}
int yDestroyMX264(yMX264 * mvl){
// 清除图像区域
//for (int i = 0; i < ImageCacheNum; i++)
x264_picture_clean(mvl->pPic_In);
x264_encoder_close(mvl->pX264Handle);
free(mvl->pX264Param);
//for (int i = 0; i < ImageCacheNum; i++){
free(mvl->pPic_In);
free(mvl->pPic_Out);
//}
return 0;
}
int yIoctlX264(enum yX264Cmd cmd,...){
va_list arg;
va_start(arg,cmd);
yMX264 *mx264;
mx264 = va_arg(arg,yMX264 *);
va_end(arg);
switch(cmd){
case DO_DEFAULT_PRESET:
{
/* Get default params for preset/tuning */
//x264_param_default(pParam); //this do default set for x264,but can not config some info
if( x264_param_default_preset( mx264->pX264Param, "veryfast", "zerolatency" ) < 0 ){
printf("x264_param_default_preset failed!\n");
return -1;
}
break;
}
case DO_DEFAULT_USERCONF:
{
//va_list arg;
//va_start(arg,cmd);
//mx264->yX264_UserConfig = va_arg(arg,UESER_CONF_CALLBACK);
//mx264->yX264_UserConfig = NULL;
//va_end(arg);
if ( (*mx264->yX264_UserConfig)(mx264) < 0){
printf("Do user conf callback failed.\n");
return -1;
}
break;
}
case DO_PARAM_APPLY_PROFILE:
{
//x264_profile_names[0] = baseline , to set stream-quality
if (x264_param_apply_profile(mx264->pX264Param, x264_profile_names[0]) < 0 ){
printf("x264_param_apply_profile failed.\n");
return -1;
}
break;
}
case OPEN_ENCODER:
{
//open encoder
if( (mx264->pX264Handle = x264_encoder_open(mx264->pX264Param)) == NULL){
printf("x264_encoder_open failed.\n");
return -1;
}
break;
}
case ENCODER_ENCODE:
{
/*
x264_encoder_encode:
* encode one picture.
* *pi_nal is the number of NAL units outputted in pp_nal.
* returns the number of bytes in the returned NALs.
* returns negative on error and zero if no NAL units returned.
* the payloads of all output NALs are guaranteed to be sequential in memory.
int x264_encoder_encode( x264_t *, x264_nal_t **pp_nal, int *pi_nal, x264_picture_t *pic_in, x264_picture_t *pic_out );
*/
if ( x264_encoder_encode(mx264->pX264Handle, &mx264->pNals, &mx264->pi_nal, mx264->pPic_In, mx264->pPic_Out) < 0){
printf("x264_encoder_encode failed.\n");
return -1;
}
/*
PTS:Presentation Time Stamp。PTS主要用于度量解码后的视频帧什么时候被显示出来
DTS:Decode Time Stamp。DTS主要是标识读入内存中的bit流在什么时候开始送入解码器中进行解码。
*/
//Presentation Time Stamp。PTS主要用于度量解码后的视频帧什么时候被显示出来
//MUST DO THIS ,IT DECIDE ,主要用于度量解码后的视频帧什么时候被显示出来
//mx264->pPic_In->i_pts += 1;
mx264->pPic_In->i_pts += 1;
printf("pts = %d\n",mx264->pPic_In->i_pts);
break;
}
default :
{
printf("No this cmd to analyse\n");
return -1;
break;
}
}
return 0;
}
int yDoCSC_And_FIP(yMX264 * mvl,enum yX264ColorSpace t_csp, int cache_id){
switch(t_csp){
case Y_CSP_I444:
{
/*
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[0],FRAME_SIZE); //Y
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[1],FRAME_SIZE); //U
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[2],FRAME_SIZE); //V
*/
break;
}
case Y_CSP_I420:
{
/*
#ifndef ENABLE_YUYVTOI420
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[0],FRAME_SIZE); //Y
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[1],FRAME_SIZE/4); //U
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[2],FRAME_SIZE/4); //V
#else
//YUYV to I420
read(fd_in,Cache,FRAME_SIZE*2); //read one frame to cache
//must set to 0
int id_u = 0, id_v = 0 , id_y = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE*2 ;i+=4){
pPic_In->img.plane[0][id_y] = Cache[i];//get Y
id_y++;
pPic_In->img.plane[0][id_y] = Cache[i+2];//get Y
id_y++;
if ( ((int)((i)/1280)%2) == 0 ){
pPic_In->img.plane[1][id_u] = Cache[i+1];//get U
pPic_In->img.plane[2][id_v] = Cache[i+3];//get V
id_u++;
id_v++;
}
}
#endif
*/
break;
}
case Y_CSP_YUYV:{
// firstly,Do YUYV to I420 ,then, Fill in_pic
int id_u = 0, id_v = 0 , id_y = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < FRAME_SIZE ;i+=4){
mvl->pPic_In->img.plane[0][id_y] = ImgCache[cache_id][i];//get Y
id_y++;
mvl->pPic_In->img.plane[0][id_y] = ImgCache[cache_id][i+2];//get Y
id_y++;
if ( ((int)((i)/1280)%2) == 0 ){
mvl->pPic_In->img.plane[1][id_u] = ImgCache[cache_id][i+1];//get U
mvl->pPic_In->img.plane[2][id_v] = ImgCache[cache_id][i+3];//get V
id_u++;
id_v++;
}
}
break;
}
case Y_CSP_I422:
{
/*
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[0],FRAME_SIZE); //Y
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[1],FRAME_SIZE/2); //U
read(fd_in,pPic_In->img.plane[2],FRAME_SIZE/2); //V
*/
break;
}
default:
{
printf("Colorspace Not Support.\n");
return -1;
}
}
}
int yDo_Default_UserConf(yMX264 * mvl){
//* cpuFlags
mvl->pX264Param->i_threads = X264_SYNC_LOOKAHEAD_AUTO;//* 取空缓冲区继续使用不死锁的保证.
//* 视频选项
mvl->pX264Param->i_width = FRAME_WIDTH; //* 要编码的图像宽度.
mvl->pX264Param->i_height = FRAME_HEIGHT; //* 要编码的图像高度
mvl->pX264Param->i_frame_total = 0; //* 编码总帧数.不知道用0.
/* Force an IDR keyframe at this interval */
mvl->pX264Param->i_keyint_max = 10;
mvl->pX264Param->b_repeat_headers = 1; // 重复SPS/PPS 放到关键帧前面
//* 流参数
//* how many b-frame between 2 references pictures */
mvl->pX264Param->i_bframe = 5;
//
mvl->pX264Param->b_open_gop = 0;
//* Keep some B-frames as references: 0=off, 1=strict hierarchical, 2=normal */
mvl->pX264Param->i_bframe_pyramid = 0;
//
mvl->pX264Param->i_bframe_adaptive = X264_B_ADAPT_TRELLIS;
//* Log参数,不需要打印编码信息时直接注释掉就行
//mvl->pX264Param->i_log_level = X264_LOG_DEBUG;
//* 速率控制参数
//pX264Param->rc.i_bitrate = 1024 * 10;//* 码率(比特率,单位Kbps)
//* muxing parameters
mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_den = 1; //* 帧率分母
mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_num = Y_STREAM_FPS;//* 帧率分子
mvl->pX264Param->i_timebase_den = mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_num;
mvl->pX264Param->i_timebase_num = mvl->pX264Param->i_fps_den;
return 0;
}
#PS:请尊重原创,不喜勿喷
#PS:要转载请注明出处,本人版权所有.
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