iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程

TCP/IP简介

REST

  • 服务端API设计模式:
    1. 使用Path指示资源
    2. HTTP Verb表示操作
  • API方法 幂等(idempotence)幂等性 [ai'dempətəns,-tənsi]:多次执行效果一样

iOS的网络

iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程_第1张图片
iOS的网络

BSD Scoket

参考:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_sockets#BSD_and_POSIX_sockets

iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程_第2张图片
BSD Scoket图示

CFNetwork

iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程_第3张图片
CFNetwork

代码:

CFStringRef s =CFSTR("http://www.apple.com");

CFURLRef myURL=CFURLCreateWithString(kCFAllocatorDefault, s, 0);
CFStringRef requestMethod = CFSTR("GET");

CFHTTPMessageRef myRequest = CFHTTPMessageCreateRequest(kCFAllocatorDefault, requestMethod, myURL, kCFHTTPVersion1_1);

CFHTTPMessageSetBody(myRequest, bodyData);
CFHTTPMessageSetHeaderFieldValue(myRequest, headerField, value);

  // CFReadStreamCreateForHTTPRequest 已过时
    CFReadStreamRef myReadStream = CFReadStreamCreateWithFile(<#CFAllocatorRef alloc#>, <#CFURLRef fileURL#>);
    CFReadStreamOpen(myReadStream);

URL Loading System

现在用NSURLSession
NSURLConnection的最简用法对比

//NSURLSession 读取URL
    NSURL *myURL1=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.bing.com"];
    NSURLSession * session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
    [[session dataTaskWithURL:myURL1 completionHandler:^(NSData * data,NSURLResponse *response,NSError *error){
    }
      ]resume];

//NSURLConnection 读取URL
    NSURL *myURL2=[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.bing.com"];
    NSURLRequest *Request=[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:myURL2];

//已过时
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:Request queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response,NSData *data,NSError *error){
}
 ];

NSURLSession

  • 结构


    iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程_第4张图片
    NSURLSession的结构
iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程_第5张图片
委托
  • 基本用法
  1. 根据Session类型选择NSURLSessionConfiguration

  2. 设置Configuration,如指定NSURLCache灯

  3. 用Configuration创建Session
    [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:<#(nonnull NSURLSessionConfiguration *)#>];

      [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:<#(nonnull NSURLSessionConfiguration *)#> 
                    delegate:<#(nullable id)#> 
                    delegateQueue:<#(nullable NSOperationQueue *)#>];
    
  4. 在session 里创建网络访问任务

  5. 启动任务
    NSURLSessionTask *task = [[NSURLSessionTask alloc]init] ;
    [task resume];

NSURLSession类型

Session Configuration类型
  1. Default sessions:(全局的)
    • 基于文件系统的缓存
    • 在keychain里保存凭证
  2. Ephemeral sessions:(私有的)
    • 全内存缓存
    • 数据仅在Session期间存在
  3. Background sessions
    • 另有专门的进程处理数据传输

    • 其它同Default

      //代码
      @interface NSURLSessionConfiguration : NSObject 
      + (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)defaultSessionConfiguration;
      + (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)ephemeralSessionConfiguration;
      + (NSURLSessionConfiguration *)backgroundSessionConfigurationWithIdentifier:(NSString *)identifier;
      
Task类型
  1. Data Task(适合临时与服务端通讯)
    NSURLSession * task = [[NSURLSession alloc]init];
    [task dataTaskWithURL:<#(nonnull NSURL *)#>];
  1. Download Task(接收文件,支持后台下载)
    NSURLSession * task = [[NSURLSession alloc]init];
    [task downloadTaskWithURL:<#(nonnull NSURL *)#>];

  2. Upload Task(发送文件,支持后台上传)

     NSURLSession * task = [[NSURLSession alloc]init];
     [task uploadTaskWithRequest:<#(nonnull NSURLRequest *)#> fromData:<#(nonnull NSData *)#>];
    

网络连接状态

引入SystemConfiguration.framework

@import SystemConfiguration;

SCNetworkReachabilityCreateWithAddressPair ( 
    CFAllocatorRef allocator, 
    const struct sockaddr *localAddress, 
    const struct sockaddr *remoteAddress );

SCNetworkReachabilityGetFlags(
    <#SCNetworkReachabilityRef  _Nonnull target#>, 
    <#SCNetworkReachabilityFlags * _Nonnull flags#>)

  //监听网络变化        
  SCNetworkReachabilitySetCallback(
    <#SCNetworkReachabilityRef  _Nonnull target#>, 
    <#SCNetworkReachabilityCallBack  _Nullable callout#>, 
    <#SCNetworkReachabilityContext * _Nullable context#>)

杨武老师说不是特别好用,建议听下一课内容


AFNetworking

第三方网络访问库
https://github.com/AFNetworking/AFNetworking

特色:

  • Serialization Modules 从原始数据格式转换成特定数据格式
  • 对UIKit做了扩展

安装:

方法1. 使用CocoaPods:Podfile

source 'https://github.com/cocoaPods/Specs.git'
platform:ios,'8.0'
pod 'AFNetworking', '~>3.0'

方法2. Carthage:Cartfile

//1.
  github "AFNetworking/AFNetworking" ~>3.0

//2.手工把静态库打包到项目

概述:

iOS开发高级进阶(11-12)-网络编程_第6张图片
Overview

代码示范:

  1. 下载
//下载文件
  NSURLSessionConfiguration * config =[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager =[[AFURLSessionManager alloc]initWithSessionConfiguration:config];

NSURL *url =[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/download.zip"];
NSURLRequest *request =[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask =
[manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil
                     destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath,NSURLResponse *response){
                         NSFileManager *fm = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
                         NSURL *docURL=[fm URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory
                                                  inDomain:NSUserDomainMask
                                         appropriateForURL:nil
                                                            create:NO error:nil];
      
                         return [docURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];
                     } completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response,NSURL *filePath,NSError *error){
                         NSLog(@"File downloaded to:%@",filePath);
                     }
 
 ];
[downloadTask resume];

2.上传

//上传
NSURLSessionConfiguration * config =[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
AFURLSessionManager *manager =[[AFURLSessionManager alloc]initWithSessionConfiguration:config];

NSURL *url =[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://example.com/upload"];
NSURLRequest *request =[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];

NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"file://path/to/image.png"];
NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask=
[manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:filePath progress:nil
             completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response,id responseObject,NSError *error){
                 if(error){
                     NSLog(@"Error:%@,error");
                 }else{
                     NSLog(@"Seccess:%@ %@ ,response,responseObject");
                 }
             }
 ];
[uploadTask resume];
  • Serialization (有序化)

    • Request Serialization
    • Response Serialization
  • HTTPS支持

  • Reachability

    • URL
    • Domain
    • different type of connection
    • Wifi

UIKit Extensions

UIKit与网络结合,例如:

[imageView setImageWithURL:imgURL];

调试工具

  • JSON Formater(chome)
  • JSON View(firefox)
  • Safari JSON Formater
    https://github.com/rfletcher/safari-json-formatter

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