KVM/QEMU在线备份(1)
文章目录
- Incremental backup
- 简介
- 设备环境
- qemu 实时备份
- 备份命令
- 备份任务管理
- bitmap 命令
- 远程备份
- 创建存储结构
- 创建iscsi目标
- 保存退出
- 其他
- 查看block信息
- qemu4.2.0
- 编译
- qemu-monitor使用
- libvirt4.5
- gmp
- nettle-3.4
- libgnutls-3.5.18
- libvirt4.5
- 错误处理
- 日志模块
- 日志模块
- virt-manager创建虚拟机
Incremental backup
简介
最近接到一个调研任务，kvm 虚拟机增量盘的实时备份。主要参考资料来源。[QEMU/KVM磁盘在线备份]
主要思路：同步方式（sync）的四种模式。full,top,none,incremental四种方式的。
- none 实时I/O备份，该方式主要为将实时的I/O变化备份，不足，将所有的I/O备份，浪费大量的内存空间，且只备份了I/O的数据，其他数据没有备份，该方案被放弃。
- incremental 增量备份。但是无法实现实时备份。
- 后来又想到另一种方式：在创建的虚拟机的时候，将增量盘挂载到服务器，实现远程备份。这种方法的缺点，对网络要求较高，性能，稳定性较高，一旦网络波动，虚拟机将奔溃。
- Rsync的远程实时备份，暂时想到的一个思路，以后研究。rsync有多种远程上传方式。做个（标记）。
设备环境
客户端： Ubuntu18.04
服务端： Ubuntu20.04
qemu 实时备份
备份命令
- none : real-time backup
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-ide0-0-0" , "sync" : "none" , "target" : "/opt/backup/none.img" } }'
- bitmap : increment backup
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-virtio-disk0" , "sync" : "incremental" , "bitmap" : "bitmap0" , "target" : "/opt/backup/inc.0.qcow2" } }'
备份任务管理
- 查看备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --pretty '{ "execute": "query-block-jobs" }'
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp 'info block-jobs'
- 暂停备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute": "block-job-cancel", "arguments": { "device": "drive-ide0-0-0", "force": true } }'
- 重置备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "block-job-pause", "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-virtio-disk0" } }'
- 停止备份任务
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute": "block-job-cancel", "arguments": { "device": "drive-virtio-disk0", "force": true } }'
bitmap 命令
- 创建bitmap
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-add", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0" }}
- 删除bitmap
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-remove", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0"}}
- 重置 bitmap node
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN { "execute": "block-dirty-bitmap-clear", "arguments": {"node": "drive0","name": "bitmap0"}}
远程备份
- 命令
iscsi://[<username>[%<password>]@]<host>[:<port>]/<target-iqn-name>/<lun>
iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0
- 样例
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN '{ "execute" : "drive-backup" , "arguments" : { "device" : "drive-ide0-0-0" , "sync" : "incremental", "target" : "iscsi://192.168.1.100:3260/iqn.2019-01.com.iaas/0" } }'
参考资料：
iscsi服务端搭建
iscsi客户端搭建
- 客户端搭建
安装
apt install open-iscsi
设置服务开机启动
systemctl enable iscsi.service
systemctl enable iscsid.service
systemctl start iscsi.service
systemctl start iscsid.service
iscsi-name
cat /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
设置名称：
vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
InitiatorName=name
systemctl restart iscsi.service
查找target
iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 172.26.106.103:3260
登陆target
iscsiadm -m node --targetname iqn.2020-06.wuqiang.iscis -p 172.26.106.103:3260 --login
设置全局单向认证
discovery.sendtargets.auth.authmethod = CHAP
discovery.sendtargets.auth.username = troila
discovery.sendtargets.auth.password = 123456
重启服务
/etc/init.d/iscsid force-reload #强制重载
/etc/init.d/iscsid stop #停止服务
/etc/init.d/iscsid start #启动服务
service iscsi restart #重启服务
service iscsid restart #重启服务
service open-iscsi status #查看状态
- 服务端搭建
安装
apt install targetcli-fb
进入配置页面
targetcli
相关命令行
- bookmarks action [bookmark]
- cd [path]
- clearconfig [confirm]
- exit
- get [group] [parameter...]
- help [topic]
- ls [path] [depth]
- pwd
- refresh
- restoreconfig [savefile] [clear_existing] [target] [storage_object]
- saveconfig [savefile]
- sessions [action] [sid]
- set [group] [parameter=value...]
- status
- version
创建存储结构
创建物理磁盘存储
cd backstores/block
create lun1 /dev/loop10
创建文件存储
cd /backstores/fileio/
create lun1 /opt/fileio.img
创建内存存储
cd ../ramdisk
create rd0 10MB
查看创建好的存储资源
/backstores> ls
o- backstores ........................................................................................................... [...]
o- block .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
| o- lun1 ...................................................................... [/dev/loop10 (50.0GiB) write-thru activated]
| o- alua ................................................................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
| o- default_tg_pt_gp .................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
o- fileio .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 1]
| o- lun1 ................................................................... [fileio.img (20.0GiB) write-back deactivated]
| o- alua ................................................................................................. [ALUA Groups: 1]
| o- default_tg_pt_gp .................................................................... [ALUA state: Active/optimized]
o- pscsi ................................................................................................ [Storage Objects: 0]
o- ramdisk .............................................................................................. [Storage Objects: 0]
创建iscsi目标
cd /iscsi/
create #自动创建用户
create iqn.2020-06.iscsi:sn.20200623 #创建指定用户
关联后端存储
cd iqn.2020-06.iscsi:sn.20200623/tpg1/luns/
create /backstores/block/lun1 #为后端存储路径
配置ACL（访问控制列表）
cd ../acls
create iqn.2020-06.wuqiang.iscis #客户端用户名
配置CHAP认证-全局单向认证
cd /iscsi/
get discovery_auth #查看配置信息
set discovery_auth enable=1
set discovery_auth userid=troila
set discovery_auth password=123456
get discovery_auth enable userid password #查看是否与设置的相同
保存退出
exit
其他
创建硬盘
dd if=/dev/vda5 of=/opt/block.img bs=1G count=50 #创建
sudo losetup /dev/loop10 /opt/block.img #挂载为设备 /dev/loop10
fdisk /dev/loop10 #创建逻辑分区
mkfs -t ext4 /dev/loop10 #格式化
创建文件
dd if=/dev/vda5 of=/opt/file.img bs=1G count=20 #创建
mkfs -t ext4 /opt/file.img #格式化
查看block信息
virsh qemu-monitor-command DOMAIN --hmp info block
drive-ide0-0-0 (#block971): /opt/qcow2/wuqiang-151-extra.qcow2 (backup-top)
Attached to: ide0-0-0
Cache mode: writeback
Backing file: /opt/qcow2/wuqiang-151-extra.qcow2 (chain depth: 2)
drive-ide0-0-0 为 块信息名称
qemu4.2.0
编译
卸载之前安装的qemu
apt remove qemu*
源码路径：
https://download.qemu.org/
ubuntu编译
wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz
tar xvf qemu-4.2.0.tar.xz
cd qemu-4.2.0
./configure --prefix=/usr --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-guest-agent --enable-libusb --enable-spice --enable-libiscsi
make && make install
检测：
virsh
version
输出为如下所示：Running hypervisor: QEMU 4.2.0 则，安装成功
Compiled against library: libvirt 4.0.0
Using library: libvirt 4.0.0
Using API: QEMU 4.0.0
Running hypervisor: QEMU 4.2.0
注意：
./configure 配置完成之后，输出配置列表注意查看：agent,libiscsi,libusb,kvm,spice是否显示yes。
qemu-monitor使用
进入monitor
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 -hda vm-img-path -boot c -vnc :1 -monitor stdio
dirve_backup介绍
help drive_backup
drive_backup [-n] [-f] [-c] device target [format] -- initiates a point-in-time
copy for a device. The device's contents are
copied to the new image file, excluding data that
is written after the command is started.
The -n flag requests QEMU to reuse the image found
in new-image-file, instead of recreating it from scratch.
The -f flag requests QEMU to copy the whole disk,
so that the result does not need a backing file.
The -c flag requests QEMU to compress backup data
(if the target format supports it).
样例：
drive_backup -f ide0-hd0 /opt/qcow2/151_backup.qcow2 qcow2
查看备份任务：
info block-jobs
查看device:
info block
任务取消:
block_job_cancel [-f] device -- stop an active background block operation (use -f
if you want to abort the operation immediately
instead of keep running until data is in sync)
block_job_cancel ide0-hd0
libvirt4.5
gmp
wget https://gmplib.org/download/gmp/gmp-6.0.0.tar.xz
tar xvf gmp-6.0.0.tar.xz
cd gmp-6.0.0/
./configure && make && make install
nettle-3.4
wget ftp.gnu.org/gnu/nettle/nettle-3.4.tar.gz
tar xvf nettle-3.4.tar.gz
cd nettle-3.4 && mkdir build && cd build/
../configure --prefix=/usr --disable-openssl --enable-shared --enable-mini-gmp
make && make install
libgnutls-3.5.18
wget https://ftp.gnutls.org/gcrypt/gnutls/v3.5/gnutls-3.5.18.tar.xz
tar xvf gnutls-3.5.18.tar.xz
cd gnutls-3.5.18
./configure --enable-shared --with-included-libtasn1 --with-included-unistring --without-p11-kit && make && make install
libvirt4.5
wdget https://libvirt.org/sources/libvirt-4.5.0.tar.xz
tar xvf libvirt-4.5.0.tar.xz
cd libvirt-4.5.0
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/usr --without-apparmor-profiles --with--storage-iscsi --with-bash-completion --with-readline --with-remote
make && make install
依赖库下载
apt install libgmp-dev
apt install nettle-dev
apt install libnl-3-dev
apt install libnl-route-3-dev
apt install libxml2-dev
apt install libyajl-dev
apt install xsltproc
apt install libdevmapper-dev
apt install libpciaccess-dev
apt install uuid-dev
apt install libreadline-dev
apt install bash-completion
错误处理
1.错误一
virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_4.4.0' not found (required by virsh)
virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_4.5.0' not found (required by virsh)
virsh: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.5.0' not found (required by virsh)
解决方案
cd /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
rm -rf libvirt.so.0*
2.错误二
virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-lxc.so.0)
virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-qemu.so.0)
解决方案：
rm -rf libvirt-lxc.so.0*
rm -rf libvirt-qemu.so.0*
日志模块
vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
log_level = 3 #设置日志级别
log_outputs="3:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log" #日志输出文件
/etc/init.d/libvirtd restart #重启服务
相关错误：
.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-lxc.so.0)
virsh: /usr/lib/libvirt.so.0: version `LIBVIRT_PRIVATE_4.0.0' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libvirt-qemu.so.0)
解决方案：
rm -rf libvirt-lxc.so.0*
rm -rf libvirt-qemu.so.0*
日志模块
vim /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf
log_level = 3 #设置日志级别
log_outputs="3:file:/var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log" #日志输出文件
/etc/init.d/libvirtd restart #重启服务
virt-manager创建虚拟机
相关错误：USB redirection is not supported by this version of QEMU
解决方案：移除USB redirection1，USB redirection2