使用Python解压缩tar文档的方法

1、 tarfile包中的.open(name, mode)方法可以以mode指定的方式打开name压缩文件，并返回一个TarFile类对象。调用TarFile对象的extractall(path)方法可以将tar文档解压到path指定的位置。

import tarfile
tar = tarfile.open( '*.tar.gz', mode = "r:gz") #"r:gz"表示 open for reading with gzip compression
tar.extractall(path='temp')  ### 将tar.gz文件解压到temp文件夹下
tar.close()

open返回的对象不但可以用来读文档数据（'r': reading），还可以写('w': writing)，附加('a': appending)。

如下是mode取值所对应的含义：

'r' or 'r:*' open for reading with transparent compression
'r:'         open for reading exclusively uncompressed
'r:gz'       open for reading with gzip compression
'r:bz2'      open for reading with bzip2 compression
'r:xz'       open for reading with lzma compression
'a' or 'a:'  open for appending, creating the file if necessary
'w' or 'w:'  open for writing without compression
'w:gz'       open for writing with gzip compression
'w:bz2'      open for writing with bzip2 compression
'w:xz'       open for writing with lzma compression

'x' or 'x:'  create a tarfile exclusively without compression, raise
             an exception if the file is already created
'x:gz'       create a gzip compressed tarfile, raise an exception
             if the file is already created
'x:bz2'      create a bzip2 compressed tarfile, raise an exception
             if the file is already created
'x:xz'       create an lzma compressed tarfile, raise an exception
             if the file is already created

'r|*'        open a stream of tar blocks with transparent compression
'r|'         open an uncompressed stream of tar blocks for reading
'r|gz'       open a gzip compressed stream of tar blocks
'r|bz2'      open a bzip2 compressed stream of tar blocks
'r|xz'       open an lzma compressed stream of tar blocks
'w|'         open an uncompressed stream for writing
'w|gz'       open a gzip compressed stream for writing
'w|bz2'      open a bzip2 compressed stream for writing
'w|xz'       open an lzma compressed stream for writing