Android开发笔记-AIDL开发

概述


AIDL (Android Interface Definition Language)是Android内部进程通信(IPC)的接口定义语言,通过它可以定义客户端与服务器端的通信接口,实现跨进程通信。

只有当需要允许来自不同应用的客户端跨进程通信访问Service,且想要在Service中处理多线程的时候AIDL才是必要的。如果不需要执行不同应用之间的IPC并发,可以通过实现Binder建立接口;如果需要执行IPC,但不需要处理多线程,可以使用Messenger实现接口。

在使用AIDL之前,需要先了解Bound Services。

使用AIDL三部曲


1. 创建.aidl文件

在src/main/aidl/%packagename%/下创建.aidl文件,定义接口方法。

.aidl文件中只能定义方法,不能定义静态变量。

.aidl文件支持的数据类型:

  • 基本数据类型(int, byte, char, float, boolean, ...)
  • String
  • CharSequence
  • Array
  • List
  • Map
  • Parcelable

特殊关键字in, out, inout :

  • in表示由客户端设置,修饰输入参数,非基本类型的输入参数必须使用in修饰

  • out表示由服务器端设置,修饰输出参数,非基本类型的输出参数必须使用out修饰

  • inout表示既是输入参数,也是输出参数

      void copyArray(in byte[] source, out byte[] dest);
    
      void sort(inout int[] source);
    

示例

// IRemoteService.aidl
package com.example.android;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

/** Example service interface */
interface IRemoteService {
    /** Request the process ID of this service, to do evil things with it. */
    int getPid();

    /** Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, 
        double aDouble, String aString);
}

2. 实现接口

build项目,Android SDK tools会自动生成.java文件,实现其内部抽象类Stub。

抽象类Stub继承Binder,并实现了.aidl文件中定义的接口。

private final IRemoteService.Stub mBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
    public int getPid() {
        return Process.myPid();
    }

    public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
        float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
    }
};

注意:

  • RPC调用是同步的,执行耗时操作时,不应该在主线程调用其方法
  • 抛出的异常不会发送给客户端

3. 公开接口

创建一个Service,实现其onBind(intent)方法,返回实现接口的对象。

public class RemoteService extends Service {
    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // Return the interface
        return mBinder;
    }

    private final IRemoteService.Stub mBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
        public int getPid(){
            return Process.myPid();
        }
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean,
            float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) {
        }
    };
}

客户端绑定Service时,通过ServiceConnection对象获取返回的IBinder对象,即可调用远程方法。

IRemoteService mIRemoteService;
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
    // Called when the connection with the service is established
    public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
        // Following the example above for an AIDL interface,
        // this gets an instance of the IRemoteInterface, which we can use 
        // to call on the service
        mIRemoteService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
    }

    // Called when the connection with the service disconnects unexpectedly
    public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Service has unexpectedly disconnected");
        mIRemoteService = null;
    }
};

相关类


Parcelable(自定义数据类型)

Parcelable接口是Android特有的,实现该接口的对象可以被序列化,可以用于进程间通信。

如果想通过远程服务传递自定义的类对象,则该类必须实现Parcelable接口,过程如下:

  • 创建.aidl文件,声明类

      //Rect.aidl
      package com.thea.aidl;
    
      parcelable Rect;
    
  • 实现其writeToParcel()方法

  • 初始化类型为Parcelable.Creator的静态变量CREATOR。

      //Rect.java
      import android.os.Parcel;
      import android.os.Parcelable;
    
      public final class Rect implements Parcelable {
          public int left;
          public int top;
          public int right;
          public int bottom;
      
          public static final Parcelable.Creator CREATOR = 
              new Parcelable.Creator() {
                  public Rect createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
                      return new Rect(in);
                  }
          
                  public Rect[] newArray(int size) {
                      return new Rect[size];
                  }
          };
      
          public Rect() {
          }
      
          private Rect(Parcel in) {
              readFromParcel(in);
          }
      
          public void writeToParcel(Parcel out) {
              out.writeInt(left);
              out.writeInt(top);
              out.writeInt(right);
              out.writeInt(bottom);
          }
      
          public void readFromParcel(Parcel in) {
              left = in.readInt();
              top = in.readInt();
              right = in.readInt();
              bottom = in.readInt();
          }
      }
    

RemoteCallbackList(远程接口回调)

客户端通过ServiceConnection对象获取返回的IBinder对象,从而调用远程Service的方法。

Service通过客户端注册的回调来调用客户端的方法。RemoteCallbackList就是用来保存注册进来的回调实例,它自动处理了Link-To-Death的问题,当客户端意外退出时,自动删掉对应的实例。

注册回调过程如下:

  • 创建.aidl文件,声明回调接口

      // ICallback.aidl
      package com.thea.aidl;        
      
      interface ICallback {
      
          void onSuccess(in Bundle data);
      
          void onFail(int errCode);
      }
    
  • 在Service中定义RemoteCallbackList变量,在IBinder里实现回调注册方法

      public class RemoteService extends Service {  
          ...
          private RemoteCallbackList mCallbacks = new RemoteCallbackList<>();
      
          private final IRemoteService.Stub mBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
              ...
              @Override        
              public void registerCallback(ICallback cb) throws RemoteException {
                  mCallbacks.register(cb);
              }
      
              @Override        
              public void unregisterCallback(ICallback cb) throws RemoteExceptio {
                  mCallbacks.unregister(cb);
              }
      
              @Override        
              public void call(Bundle data) throws RemoteException {
                  final int len = mCallbacks.beginBroadcast();
                  for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                      try {
                          // 通知回调            
                          mCallbacks.getBroadcastItem(i).onSuccess(data);
                      } catch (RemoteException e) {
                          e.printStackTrace();
                      }
                  }
                  mCallbacks.finishBroadcast();                    
              }
          };
      }
    
  • 客户端实现回调接口,并注册到RemoteService

      public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
          private final ICallback.Stub mCallback = new ICallback.Stub() {
              public void onSuccess(Bundle data) {
              }
      
              public void onFail(int errCode) {
              }
          };
    
          @Override
          protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
              super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
              setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
              
              registerCallback();
          }
    
          @Override
          public void onDestroy() {            
              super.onDestroy();
              unregisterCallback();            
          }
    
          public void click(View v) {
              mIRemoteService.call(new Bundle()); //会触发onSuccess(Bundle)
          }
    
          public void registerCallback() {
              mIRemoteService.registerCallback(mCallback);
          }
    
          public void unregisterCallback() {
              mIRemoteService.unregisterCallback(mCallback);
          }
      }
    

参考资料

Android Interface Definition Language (AIDL)

Android AIDL使用详解

与Sevice实现双向通信

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