ansible基础操作之文件的批量管理

目录

第1章 介绍：

第2章 IP列表

第3章 开始配置

3.1 ssh

3.2 开始安装ansible

3.3 利用ansible远程执行各类脚本

---

第1章 介绍：

python语言是运维人员必会的语言！
ansible是一个基于Python开发的自动化运维工具
ansible的功能实现基于SSH远程连接服务
ansible可以实现批量系统配置，批量软件部署，批量文件拷贝，批量运行命令等功能

第2章 IP列表

机器说明	ip	主机名
主虚拟机	192.168.198.137	yzh
从虚拟机	192.168.198.128	yzh1

第3章 开始配置

实现从主机yzh到从机的密钥认证关系：

3.1 ssh

主机与从机之间进行ssh连接

3.2 开始安装ansible

3.2.1 主机yzh安装ansible

需要epel.repo源
 

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

yum -y install ansible

3.2.2 从机需安装

yum -y install libselinux-python

3.2.3 ansible基础配置

ansible的配置文件：

[root@yzh ~]# tree /etc/ansible/
/etc/ansible/
|-- ansible.cfg
|-- hosts
|-- hosts.bak
`-- roles

1 directory, 3 files

编辑ansible的主机配置文件hosts，添加主机组yzh（修改前可对文件进行备份）

[root@yzh ~]# cp /etc/ansible/hosts{,.bak}
cp：是否覆盖"/etc/ansible/hosts.bak"？ n
[root@yzh ~]# tail -4 /etc/ansible/hosts

[yzh]
192.168.198.137 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456
192.168.198.128 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456

命令说明：
ansible_ssh_user：ssh连接的用户名
ansible_ssh_pass：ssh连接的密码

3.2.4 利用ansible远程批量执行命令

语法:

ansible chensiqi -m command -a 'uptime'

ansible 主机组 -m ansible内置功能模块名 -a 命令

示例:获取192.168.198.128的主机的w信息(也可把ip换成yzh，可查看整个组的信息)

[root@yzh ~]# ansible 192.168.198.128 -m command -a "w"
192.168.198.128 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
 10:40:36 up  2:27,  5 users,  load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER     TTY      FROM              LOGIN@   IDLE   JCPU   PCPU WHAT
root     tty1     :0               08:20    2:27m  2.06s  2.06s /usr/bin/Xorg :
root     pts/0    :0.0             08:22    2:17m  0.00s  0.00s bash
root     pts/1    192.168.198.1    08:23    2:00m  0.03s  0.03s -bash
root     pts/2    192.168.198.1    09:24   35:26   0.11s  0.11s -bash
root     pts/3    yzh              10:40    1.00s  0.19s  0.00s /bin/sh -c /usr

示例:调用ansible内置的copy模块

[root@yzh ~]# ansible 192.168.198.128 -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp" 
192.168.198.128 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "691f8b5215f65d3e87664c6b3882b57061a0f99c", 
    "dest": "/tmp/hosts", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "664a99e015c25cb10144fbb916393125", 
    "mode": "0644", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 194, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1558081064.43-122053739556327/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
[root@yzh ~]# ansible 192.168.198.128 -m command -a "ls /tmp"
192.168.198.128 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
ansible_cCYhKy
gconfd-gdm
gconfd-root
hosts                        #拷贝成功
keyring-Ap9rWy
keyring-bNDu5g
keyring-HpvTEh
keyring-IwWnab
keyring-lReuKL
keyring-M4qxxu
keyring-pBA4vc
keyring-pJ7iua
keyring-rp2TH1
keyring-SH1pPt
keyring-Y7dLDb
orbit-gdm
orbit-root
pulse-CwxpEBAJpPWx
pulse-o8WBp8v9b91p
pulse-oLKO1dO9JElO

[root@yzh ~]# 
[root@yzh ~]# ssh [email protected] "ls /tmp"
[email protected]'s password: 
gconfd-gdm
gconfd-root
hosts                       #拷贝成功
keyring-Ap9rWy
keyring-bNDu5g
keyring-HpvTEh
keyring-IwWnab
keyring-lReuKL
keyring-M4qxxu
keyring-pBA4vc
keyring-pJ7iua
keyring-rp2TH1
keyring-SH1pPt
keyring-Y7dLDb
orbit-gdm
orbit-root
pulse-CwxpEBAJpPWx
pulse-o8WBp8v9b91p
pulse-oLKO1dO9JElO


命令说明：
-m：调用ansible内置模块   copy  拷贝模块
-a：接命令。由于调用了copy模块，命令格式发生改变。src=本地文件路径 dest=目的地所在路径

示例:调用copy模块实现保存文件的属性改变

[root@yzh ~]# ansible 192.168.198.128 -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp owner=yzh group=yzh  mode=600"
192.168.198.128 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "691f8b5215f65d3e87664c6b3882b57061a0f99c", 
    "dest": "/tmp/hosts", 
    "gid": 503, 
    "group": "yzh", 
    "mode": "0600", 
    "owner": "yzh", 
    "path": "/tmp/hosts", 
    "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 194, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 500
}
[root@yzh ~]# ssh [email protected] "ll /tmp/hosts"
[email protected]'s password: 
bash: ll: command not found             #并不能使用别名
[root@yzh ~]# ssh [email protected] "ls -l  /tmp/hosts"
[email protected]'s password: 
-rw-------. 1 yzh yzh 194 5月  17 09:44 /tmp/hosts

3.3 利用ansible远程执行各类脚本

3.3.1 先将脚本分发到从机上去

[root@yzh ~]# echo "echo '测试成功！'" >> /root/1/test.sh

[root@yzh ~]# ansible yzh -m copy -a "src=/root/1/test.sh dest=/root/1/ mode=0755 backup=yes"
192.168.198.128 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "05dfb0e37f8f2270c41947f9d44ec9520b45e043", 
    "dest": "/root/1/test.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "md5sum": "8af588216a93167632151f412f1d4b3d", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "secontext": "system_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", 
    "size": 23, 
    "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1558082749.28-252420826366723/source", 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}
192.168.198.137 | SUCCESS => {
    "changed": true, 
    "checksum": "05dfb0e37f8f2270c41947f9d44ec9520b45e043", 
    "dest": "/root/1/test.sh", 
    "gid": 0, 
    "group": "root", 
    "mode": "0755", 
    "owner": "root", 
    "path": "/root/1/test.sh", 
    "size": 23, 
    "state": "file", 
    "uid": 0
}

注意：dest路径的写法，若是不存在的目录，结尾要加斜线（/root/1/），否则默认不会创建目标目录

3.3.2 远程批量执行脚本

ansible yzh -m shell -a "/root/1/test.sh"

[root@yzh ~]# ansible yzh -m command -a "sh /root/1/test.sh"
192.168.198.128 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
测试成功！

192.168.198.137 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
测试成功！

 

以上即为一些基础的ansible的操作。