腾讯云实验室：搭建 LNMP 环境

LNMP，表示Linux、Nginx、MySQL、PHP的集合服务器环境，它是基于CentOS/Debian编写的Nginx、PHP、MySQL、phpMyAdmin、eAccelerator一键安装包。可以在云服务器、VPS、独立主机上轻松的安装LNMP生产环境。

Nginx是俄罗斯人编写的十分轻量级的HTTP服务器，它的发音为 “engine X”， 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器。在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。Nginx 0.8.46 + PHP 5.2.14 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

本文原文转自米扑博客：腾讯云实验室：搭建 LNMP 环境

 

准备工作

操作系统环境

系统： CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

内核：Linux VM_124_53_centos 2.6.32-642.6.2.el6.x86_64

CPU：单核

内存：1GB

 

系统参数

# uname -a
Linux VM_124_53_centos 2.6.32-642.6.2.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Oct 26 06:52:09 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
# free
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       1020128     763204     256924        388      43516     537620
-/+ buffers /cache :     182068     838060
Swap:            0          0          0
# whoami
root

 

安装 lsb_release

yum -y install redhat-lsb

 

查看系统版本

# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID: CentOS
Description:    CentOS release 6.8 (Final)
Release:        6.8
Codename:       Final

 

top 命令

top - 10:48:57 up  1:26,  1 user,  load average: 0.29, 0.45, 0.24
Tasks:  94 total,   1 running,  93 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s):  0.0%us,  0.3%sy,  0.0%ni, 99.7% id ,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%stMem:   1020128k total,   763180k used,   256948k free ,    43548k buffers
Swap:        0k total,        0k used,        0k free ,   537724k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND
    1 root      20   0 19364 1544 1228 S  0.0  0.2   0:00.69 init
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd
    3 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 migration /0
    4 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.02 ksoftirqd /0
    5 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 stopper /0
    6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 watchdog /0
    7 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.16 events /0
    8 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 events /0
    9 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 events_long /0
   10 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 events_power_ef
   11 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 cgroup
   12 root      20   0     0    0    0 S  0.0  0.0   0:00.00 khelper

 

 

一、搭建 Nginx 静态服务器

1. 安装 Nginx

yum install nginx -y

 

2. 修改 /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

去除对 IPv6 地址的监听，可参考下面的代码示例：

vim  /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen       80 default_server;
    # listen       [::]:80 default_server;
    server_name  _;
    root         /usr/share/nginx/html ;

    # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    include /etc/nginx/default .d/*.conf;

    location / {
    }

    error_page 404 /404 .html;
        location = /40x .html {
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x .html;
        location = /50x .html {
    }

}

 

3. 启动 Nginx

nginx

 

4. 查看网页

可访问实验机器外网 HTTP 服务（http://119.29.116.97）来确认是否已经安装成功。

 

5. 将 Nginx 设置为开机启动

chkconfig nginx on

 

6. 查看开机启动的所有进程（chkconfig）

# chkconfig
abrt-ccpp       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off
abrtd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:on    6:off
acpid           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
atd             0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
auditd          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
blk-availability        0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
bootlocal       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:off   5:off   6:off
crond           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
cups            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
htcacheclean    0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
httpd           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
ip6tables       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
iptables        0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
irqbalance      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
kdump           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
lvm2-monitor    0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
mdmonitor       0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
messagebus      0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
mysqld          0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
netconsole      0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
netfs           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
network         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
nfs-rdma        0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
nginx           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
ntpd            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
ntpdate         0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
php-fpm         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
portreserve     0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
postfix         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
psacct          0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
quota_nld       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
rdisc           0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
rdma            0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
restorecond     0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
rsyslog         0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
saslauthd       0:off   1:off   2:off   3:off   4:off   5:off   6:off
sshd            0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
udev-post       0:off   1:on    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

 

 

二、安装 MySQL 数据库服务

1. 安装 MySQL

yum -y install mysql-server

 

 CentOS 安装配置MariaDB

MariaDB 官方安装教程：MariaDB 10.2 CentOS repository list

CentOS 7    vim /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB-10.2.repo

[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http: //yum .mariadb.org /10 .2 /centos7-amd64
gpgkey=https: //yum .mariadb.org /RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1

安装命令：

# yum remove MariaDB-server MariaDB-client  
yum -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server MariaDB-devel

 

2. 启动 MySQL 服务

service mysqld restart

 

3. 设置 MySQL 账户 root 密码

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'mimvp-demo'

 

4. 登录MySQL查看数据库

mysql -u root -p'mimvp-demo'

# mysql -u root -p'mimvp-demo'
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 40
Server version: 5.1.73 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and /or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and /or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.28 sec)

 

5. 将 MySQL 设置为开机自动启动：

chkconfig mysqld on

 

 

三、搭建 PHP 环境

1. 安装 PHP

yum -y install php php-fpm php-mysql

注：CentOS 6 默认已经安装了 PHP-FPM 及 PHP-MYSQL，下面命令执行的可能会提示已经安装。

 

2. 安装之后，启动 PHP-FPM 进程

service php-fpm start

 

3. 查看启动的端口号

netstat -nlpt | grep php-fpm

启动之后，可以使用下面的命令查看 PHP-FPM 进程监听哪个端口（默认监听9000端口）

netstat -nlpt | grep php-fpm

# netstat -nlpt | grep php-fpm
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000              0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      13894 /php-fpm

 

4. 把 PHP-FPM 也设置成开机自动启动：

chkconfig php-fpm on

 

 

四、配置 Nginx 并运行 PHP 程序

1. 配置 Nginx

在 /etc/nginx/conf.d 目录中新建一个名为 php.conf 的文件，并配置 Nginx 端口 ，配置示例如下：

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.conf

server {
    listen 8000;
    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    location ~ .php$ {
        root           /usr/share/php ;
        fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index  index.php;
        fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include        fastcgi_params;
    }
}

 

2. 重启 nginx 服务

service nginx restart

这时候，我们就可以在/usr/share/php 目录下新建一个 info.php 文件来检查 php 是否安装成功了，文件内容参考如下：

vim /usr/share/php/info.php

# cat /usr/share/php/info.php

    echo phpinfo();
?>

 

3. 访问网页

访问 http://119.29.116.97:8000/info.php 可浏览到我们刚刚创建的 info.php 页面了

 

 

五、Nginx 应用实例

米扑科技的大多产品，建立在 LNMP 和 LAMP 服务器框架上，示例如下：

米扑科技： http://mimvp.com  （LNMP + LAMP）

米扑代理： http://proxy.mimvp.com  （LNMP）

米扑支付： http://pay.mimvp.com     （LNMP）

米扑财富： http://money.mimvp.com  （LNMP）

米扑博客： https://blog.mimvp.com     （LAMP）

米扑论坛： http://forum.mimvp.com  （LAMP）