nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet 连接跟踪表已满,开始丢包 的解决办法

nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet 连接跟踪表已满,开始丢包 的解决办法

中午业务说机器不能登录,我通过USM管理界面登录单板的时候发现机器没有僵死,然后一看日志,g一下子就明白了

tail -2000 /var/log/messages

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-push-pushserver83 kernel: [95129.138804] __ratelimit: 16523 callbacks suppressed (“连接跟踪表已满,开始丢包”!相信不少用iptables的同学都会见过这个错误信息吧)

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.138806] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.138974] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.139142] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.139566] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.139747] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.139823] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.140188] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.140435] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.140508] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:35 bj-xx kernel: [95129.141133] nf_conntrack: table full, dropping packet.

Apr 10 12:48:38 bj-xx kernel: [95131.483097] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Sending cookies.

Apr 10 12:49:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[9492]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/tsar –cron > /dev/null 2>&1)

Apr 10 12:49:38 bj-xx kernel: [95191.382486] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Sending cookies.

Apr 10 12:50:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[9761]: (root) CMD (/opt/huawei/logs/LoadRst/suseRst.sh 2>/dev/null)

Apr 10 12:50:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[9762]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/tsar –cron > /dev/null 2>&1)

Apr 10 12:50:38 bj-xx kernel: [95251.283552] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Sending cookies.

Apr 10 12:51:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[9990]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/tsar –cron > /dev/null 2>&1)

Apr 10 12:51:38 bj-xx kernel: [95311.185024] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Sending cookies.

Apr 10 12:52:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[10232]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/tsar –cron > /dev/null 2>&1)

Apr 10 12:52:38 bj-xx kernel: [95371.082714] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Sending cookies.

Apr 10 12:52:59 bj-xx sshd[9994]: pam_unix2(sshd:auth): conversation failed

Apr 10 12:52:59 bj-xx sshd[9994]: error: ssh_msg_send: write

Apr 10 12:53:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[10891]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/tsar –cron > /dev/null 2>&1)

Apr 10 12:53:38 bj-xx kernel: [95430.983871] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Sending cookies.

Apr 10 12:54:01 bj-xx /usr/sbin/cron[11097]: (root) CMD (/usr/bin/tsar –cron > /dev/null 2>&1)

Apr 10 12:54:04 bj-xx sshd[11094]: pam_tally(sshd:account): unknown option: reset

Apr 10 12:54:04 bj-xx sshd[11094]: Accepted publickey for root from 183.62.156.75 port 16959 ssh2

Apr 10 12:54:38 bj-xx kernel: [95490.883402] possible SYN flooding on port 443. Send

都是脚本和任务计划惹的祸

脚本内容

cat /opt/xx/logs/LoadRst/suseRst.sh

!/bin/bash

cd dirname $0

loadnum=uptime|awk -F':' '{print $4}'|awk -F',' '{print $1*1000}'

fileDate=date +"%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S"

echo $fileDate

echo $loadnum

loadnum_ora=uptime|awk -F':' '{print $4}'|awk -F',' '{print $2}'

softirq=top -bn 1|awk '/ksoftirqd/ {print $9}'|head -1

echo -e $fileDate >>log

echo $softirq >>log

if [ $loadnum -ge “900” ]

then

echo “asdfasdf”

echo -e $fileDate >>log

/sbin/rcSuSEfirewall2 restart >> log 2>&1

else

echo -e “${fileDate}:success” >>log

fi

任务计划

crontab -l

DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - edit the master and reinstall.

(/tmp/crontab.XXXXWNPsHE installed on Wed Apr 9 20:10:57 2014)

(Cron version V5.0 – Id:crontab.c,v1.122004/01/2318:56:42vixieExp )

/5 * * * /opt/xx/logs/LoadRst/suseRst.sh 2>/dev/null

0 0 * * * /opt/xx/logs/Firewall_log/tar-firewall.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

解决办法

一、关闭防火墙。 简单粗暴,直接有效

/etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_init stop

/etc/init.d/SuSEfirewall2_setup stop

切记:在防火墙关闭状态下,不要通过iptables指令(比如 iptables -nL)来查看当前状态!因为这样会导致防火墙被启动,而且规则为空。虽然不会有任何拦截效果,但所有连接状态都会被记录,浪费资源且影响性能并可能导致防火墙主动丢包!

二、加大防火墙跟踪表的大小,优化对应的系统参数

1、状态跟踪表的最大行数的设定,理论最大值

CONNTRACK_MAX = RAMSIZE (in bytes) / 16384 / (ARCH / 32)

以64G的64位操作系统为例

CONNTRACK_MAX = 64*1024*1024*1024/16384/2 = 2097152

即时生效请执行:

sysctl –w net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2100000

或者

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 2100000

sysctl -p

2、其哈希表大小通常为总表的1/8,最大为1/2。

CONNTRACK_BUCKETS = CONNTRACK_MAX / 8

同样64G的64位操作系统,哈希最佳范围是 262144 ~ 1048576 。

运行状态中查看

sysctl net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_buckets

通过文件 /sys/module/nf_conntrack/parameters/hashsize 进行设置。

或者新建 /etc/modprobe.d/iptables.conf,重新加载模块才生效:

options nf_conntrack hashsize=262144

3、还有些相关的系统参数sysctl -a | grep nf_conntrack可以调优(/etc/sysctl.conf ):

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max = 1048576

net.netfilter.ip_conntrack_tcp_timeout_established = 3600

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_close_wait = 60

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_fin_wait = 120

net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_tcp_timeout_time_wait = 120

三、使用祼表,添加“不跟踪”标识。如下示例更适合桌面系统或随意性强的服务器。因为它开启了连接的状态机制,方便和外部通信。修改 /etc/sysconfig/iptables 文件:

*raw

对TCP连接不启用追踪,解决ip_contrack满导致无法连接的问题

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp –dport 80 -j NOTRACK

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp –dport 22 -j NOTRACK

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp –dport 21 -j NOTRACK

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp –dport 11211 -j NOTRACK

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp –dport 60000:60100 -j NOTRACK

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -s 192.168.10.1 -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp –sport 80 -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp –sport 22 -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp –sport 21 -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp –sport 11211 -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -m tcp –sport 60000:60100 -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -s 192.168.10.1 -j NOTRACK

COMMIT

*filter

允许ping

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

对本地回路、第5张网卡放行

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i eth4 -j ACCEPT

连接状态跟踪,已建立的连接允许传输数据

-A INPUT -m state –state ESTABLISHED,RELATED,INVALID,UNTRACKED -j ACCEPT

filter表里存在但在raw里不存在的,默认会进行连接状态跟踪

-A INPUT -s 192.168.10.31 -p tcp –dport 2669 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

或者干脆对所有连接都关闭跟踪,不跟踪任何连接状态。不过规则就限制比较严谨,进出都需要显式申明。示例如下:

*raw

对TCP/UDP连接不启用追踪,解决nf_contrack满导致无法连接的问题

-A PREROUTING -p tcp -j NOTRACK

-A PREROUTING -p udp -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -j NOTRACK

-A OUTPUT -p udp -j NOTRACK

COMMIT

*filter

允许ping

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

对本地回路和eth1放行

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i eth1 -j ACCEPT

只允许符合条件的连接进行传输数据

-A INPUT -p tcp –dport 22 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p tcp –sport 80 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p udp –sport 53 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p udp –sport 123 -j ACCEPT

出去的包都不限制

-A OUTPUT -p tcp -j ACCEPT

-A OUTPUT -p udp -j ACCEPT

输入和转发的包不符合规则的全拦截

-A INPUT -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

效果如下图:

四、删除连接跟踪模块lsmod | grep nf_conntrack,不使用连接状态的跟踪功能。

1、删除nf_conntrack和相关的依赖模块,示例:

rmmod nf_conntrack_ipv4

rmmod nf_conntrack_ipv6

rmmod xt_state

rmmod xt_CT

rmmod xt_conntrack

rmmod iptable_nat

rmmod ipt_REDIRECT

rmmod nf_nat

rmmod nf_conntrack

2、禁用跟踪模块,把它加到黑名单(/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf ):

禁用 nf_conntrack 模块

blacklist nf_conntrack

blacklist nf_conntrack_ipv6

blacklist xt_conntrack

blacklist nf_conntrack_ftp

blacklist xt_state

blacklist iptable_nat

blacklist ipt_REDIRECT

blacklist nf_nat

blacklist nf_conntrack_ipv4

3、去掉防火墙里所有和状态相关的配置(比如state状态,NAT功能),示例:

*filter

允许ping

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

对本地回路和第2张网卡放行

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i eth1 -j ACCEPT

对端口放行

-A INPUT -p tcp –dport 1331 -j ACCEPT

对IP放行

-A INPUT -s 192.168.10.31 -j ACCEPT

允许本机进行DNS查询

-A INPUT -p udp –sport 53 -j ACCEPT

-A OUTPUT -p udp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT –reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

另外,防火墙的配置文件最好也改下,不要加载任何额外模块(/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config):

IPTABLES_MODULES=”” # 不需要任何附加模块

IPTABLES_MODULES_UNLOAD=”no” # 避免iptables重启后sysctl中对应的参数被重置为系统默认值

IPTABLES_SAVE_ON_STOP=”no”

IPTABLES_SAVE_ON_RESTART=”no”

IPTABLES_SAVE_COUNTER=”no”

IPTABLES_STATUS_NUMERIC=”yes”

IPTABLES_STATUS_VERBOSE=”no”

IPTABLES_STATUS_LINENUMBERS=”no”

往往我们对连接的跟踪都是基于操作系统的(netstat / ss ),防火墙的连接状态完全是它自身实现产生的。

本文出自 “俊” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://2364821.blog.51cto.com/2354821/1393736

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