引文来自:http://www.cnblogs.com/firstyi/archive/2008/03/18/1111800.html
序列化和反序列化我们可能经常会听到,其实通俗一点的解释,序列化就是把一个对象保存到一个文件或数据库字段中去,反序列化就是在适当的时候把这个文件再转化成原来的对象使用。
我想最主要的作用有:
1、在进程下次启动时读取上次保存的对象的信息
2、在不同的AppDomain或进程之间传递数据
3、在分布式应用系统中传递数据
......
在C#中常见的序列化的方法主要也有三个:BinaryFormatter、SoapFormatter、XML序列化
本文就通过一个小例子主要说说这三种方法的具体使用和异同点
这个例子就是使用三种不同的方式把一个Book对象进行序列化和反序列化,当然这个Book类首先是可以被序列化的。至于怎么使一个类可以序列化可以参见:C#强化系列文章一:ViewState使用兼谈序列化
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Text;
namespace SerializableTest
{
[Serializable]
public class Book
{
public Book()
{
alBookReader = new ArrayList();
}
public string strBookName;
[NonSerialized]
public string strBookPwd;
private string _bookID;
public string BookID
{
get { return _bookID; }
set { _bookID = value; }
}
public ArrayList alBookReader;
private string _bookPrice;
public void SetBookPrice(string price)
{
_bookPrice = price;
}
public void Write()
{
Console.WriteLine("Book ID:" + BookID);
Console.WriteLine("Book Name:" + strBookName);
Console.WriteLine("Book Password:" + strBookPwd);
Console.WriteLine("Book Price:" + _bookPrice);
Console.WriteLine("Book Reader:");
for (int i = 0; i < alBookReader.Count; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(alBookReader[i]);
}
}
}
}
一、BinaryFormatter序列化方式
1、序列化,就是给Book类赋值,然后进行序列化到一个文件中
Book book = new Book();
book.BookID = "1";
book.alBookReader.Add("gspring");
book.alBookReader.Add("永春");
book.strBookName = "C#强化";
book.strBookPwd = "*****";
book.SetBookPrice("50.00");
BinarySerialize serialize = new BinarySerialize();
serialize.Serialize(book);
BinarySerialize serialize = new BinarySerialize();
Book book = serialize.DeSerialize();
book.Write();
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
namespace SerializableTest
{
public class BinarySerialize
{
string strFile = "c:\\book.data";
public void Serialize(Book book)
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create))
{
BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(fs, book);
}
}
public Book DeSerialize()
{
Book book;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Open))
{
BinaryFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
book = (Book)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
}
return book;
}
}
}
也就是说除了标记为NonSerialized的其他所有成员都能序列化
二、SoapFormatter序列化方式
调用序列化和反序列化的方法和上面比较类似,我就不列出来了,主要就看看SoapSerialize类
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Soap;
namespace SerializableTest
{
public class SoapSerialize
{
string strFile = "c:\\book.soap";
public void Serialize(Book book)
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create))
{
SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
formatter.Serialize(fs, book);
}
}
public Book DeSerialize()
{
Book book;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Open))
{
SoapFormatter formatter = new SoapFormatter();
book = (Book)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
}
return book;
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
using System.Xml.Serialization;
namespace SerializableTest
{
public class XmlSerialize
{
string strFile = "c:\\book.xml";
public void Serialize(Book book)
{
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Create))
{
XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book));
formatter.Serialize(fs, book);
}
}
public Book DeSerialize()
{
Book book;
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(strFile, FileMode.Open))
{
XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Book));
book = (Book)formatter.Deserialize(fs);
}
return book;
}
}
}
C#强化
*****
gspring
永春
1
也就是说采用xml序列化的方式只能保存public的字段和可读写的属性,对于private等类型的字段不能进行序列化
关于循环引用:
比如在上面的例子Book类中加入如下一个属性:
public Book relationBook;
在调用序列化时使用如下方法:
Book book = new Book();
book.BookID = "1";
book.alBookReader.Add("gspring");
book.alBookReader.Add("永春");
book.strBookName = "C#强化";
book.strBookPwd = "*****";
book.SetBookPrice("50.00");
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.BookID = "2";
book2.alBookReader.Add("gspring");
book2.alBookReader.Add("永春");
book2.strBookName = ".NET强化";
book2.strBookPwd = "*****";
book2.SetBookPrice("40.00");
book.relationBook = book2;
book2.relationBook = book;
BinarySerialize serialize = new BinarySerialize();
serialize.Serialize(book);
这样就会出现循环引用的情况,对于BinarySerialize和SoapSerialize可以正常序列化(.NET内部进行处理了),对于XmlSerialize出现这种情况会报错:"序列化类型 SerializableTest.Book 的对象时检测到循环引用。"