vim 命令整理（从FreePlane的mm格式导出）

~ Vim

• 修改记录
  • 2012年1月16日23:40:56创建
    • ver1:
      Vim Commands and shortcuts
      By : Joe Martinez
      http://jrmiii.com@capitalist
  • 2012年1月23日18:02:10修改增加
    • 根据Vim Keymapping.jpg进行修改增加
  • 2012年4月3日8:52:43
    • 对一些超级有用的加红以强调
  • 2013年3月25日14:57:48
    • 从早上六点半开始复习与练习，到增加对“"+”[ydp]{motion}的理解，现在使用gvim应该可以达到与ue一样的效果了
• Macros
  • qa := start recoding a macro in register a([a-zA-Z0-9])
  • q := end recording
  • @a := replay macro in register a([a-zA-Z0-9])
  • :reg := view contents of registers
• Multi-File
  • :e filename := edit a file in new buffer
  • :enew := new file
  • :bn := go to next buffer
  • :bd := delete a buffer (close file)
  • :sp fn := open a file in new buffer and split window
  • c-w -window commands
    • c-w s := split windows horizontally
    • c-w v := split windows vertically
    • c-w w := switch windows
    • c-w c := close window
    • c-w q := quit a window
  • Tab Commands
    • :tabe fn := edit file in new tab
    • gt := next tab
    • gT := previous tab
    • :tabr :=first tab
    • :tabl := last tab
    • :tabm[N] := move current tab after tab N
    • :tabdo command := do command in all tabs
    • :tabnew := open a new tab
    • c-PgUp := switch to tab on right
    • c-PgDown := switch to tab on left
• Exiting
  • :w := save
  • :wq := save and quit
  • :x := save and quit
  • :q := quit, but buffer is unsaved
  • :q! :=quit, without warning
• Search/Replace
  • /pattern := search for pattern
  • ?pattern := search backwards for pattern
  • n := repeat search in same direction
  • N := repeat search in opposite direction
  • :%s/old/new/gc := replace(s) all old with new and confirm(c) each one throught(g) file
  • % : move to matching bracket from under cursor（括号配对）
  • :#, &s/old/new/g := do replace in line # to &
• Visual Mode
  • Marking Text
    • v := start visual mode
    • V := start linewise visual mode
    • c-v := start blockwise visual mode
    • o := move the other end of marked area
    • U := upper case of marked area
    • O := move to other corner of block
    • aw := mark a word
    • ab := a block with parens (braces) (paren:括号 brace:大括号)
    • aB := a block with brackets (curly braces) ( bracket: 方括号)
    • ib := inner () block
    • iB := inner {} block
  • Commands
    • > := shift right
    • < := shift left
    • y := yank (mean copy)
    • d := delete
    • ~ := switch case
• Cut and Paste
  • dd := delete (cut) a line
  • dw := delete current word
  • x := delete current character
  • X := delete previous character
  • D := delete to end of line
  • yy := yank (copy a line)
  • yw := yank word
  • y$ := yank to end of line
  • p := put the clipboard after cursor / current line
  • P := put the clipboard befoe cursor /current line
  • ]p := put the clipboard at the proper indentation (proper:适当的 indentation:缩进)
  • [p := put the clipboard at the ?
  • "a := use a register named a for the next yank / paste operation
  • "[+*]y{motion}:= copy to host clipboard,"motion"可以进行的移动

    • "+y2w : 复制光标所在的两个单词（后的）到系统的剪贴版

      "+d2b : 删除光标所在的两个单词（前的）到系统的剪贴版

      应该说：“"+”是代码向vim进程外或向vim进程内与系统的剪贴板进行操作，这个操作可以是复制(y); 可以是剪切(d); 可以是粘贴(p)。并且这个动作还可以增加相应的范围（如"+y2w，"+d4b，5e）(p时没有范围)！！！

  • "[+*]p := paste from the host clipboard
  • :#,&d := delete from line # to &
  • "[a-zA-Z0-9]dd := delete to register(同样的动作对于拷贝与粘贴也是启作用的)
• Code Folding
  • zo := open fold
  • zc := close fold
  • zr := reduce fold level
  • zm := increase fold level
  • zR := reduce all folds
  • zM := increase all folds
  • zj := move to next fold downward
  • zk := move to next fold upward
  • zd := delete fold
  • zE := delete all folds
  • zf#j := create fold of # lines below cursors
  • :#, & fold := create fold betweeen line # and &
  • zfap := create fold of paragraph
  • zfa} := create fold in {} brackets
  • zfa) := create fold in () brackets
  • zfa] := create fold in [] brackets
  • zfa> := create fold in <> brackets
• Cursor Movement
  • h := left character
  • j := next line
  • k := previous line
  • l := right character
  • gk := move cursor up one display line
  • gj := move cursor down one display line
  • c-f := page down
  • c-b := page up
  • c-u := page up half a screenful
  • c-d := page down half a screenful
  • % := jump to matching brace
  • w :=jump to end of words(punctuation)
  • W := jump by words
  • e := jump to end of words(punctuation)
  • E := jump to end if words
  • b := jump backward by words(punctuation)
  • B := jump backward by words
  • 0 := start of line
  • ^ := first character of line
  • $ := end of line
  • gg := go to first line
  • gd := go to def of the function or var under the cursor
  • [N]G := go to line N or last line
  • fx := move the cursor forword to the next occurrence of character x on the current line
  • ; := repeat last command
  • tx := like fx but move right before the character
  • Fx := move the cursor backwards to the next occurrence of x
  • ),( := move the cursor to next, previous sentence
  • * := read the string under the cursor and go to next occurrence（这个对我来说太重要了2013年3月25日7:21:06）
  • # := same as * but gose to previous occurrence
  • `. := go to line last edited
  • Screenwise
    • H := move the cursor to the Highest line on the screen
    • M := .........................................Middle....................................
    • L := .........................................Lowest...................................
  • Bookmarks
    • m[a~zA-Z] := make a make named [a~z]  at the current cursor position
    • '[a~zA-Z] := go to bookmard [a~z] (backtick : 重音符, not single quote)
    • :marks := show all marks
    • c-g := show current position in file
    • f := show line nubers
• Insert Mode
  • i := insert mode at cursor
  • I := insert at the beginning of line
  • a := append after the cursor
  • A := append at the end of the line
  • o := open blank line below current line
  • O := open blank line above current line
  • ESC := exit insert mode
  • Completions(type a few chars then)
    • c-n := next completion
    • c-p := previous completion
• Editing
  • r := replace a single character(!insert mode)
  • J := join line below to the current line
  • cc := change an entire line
  • cw := change to the end of word
  • c$ := change to the end of line
  • s := delete character at cursor and substitude next
  • S := delete line at cursor and substitude next
  • xp := transpose to letters
  • u := undo
  • c-r := redo
  • . := repeat last command
  • ~ := switch case
  • g~iw := switch case of current word
  • gUiw := make current word uppercase
  • guiw := make current word lowercase
  • >> := indent line one columm right
  • << := indent line one column left
  • == := auto-indent current line
  • ci[")}]>'] := replace between "",(),{},{},<>,''
  • cit := replace between XML/HTML tag pair
• Panes
  • :vnew := split window/pane vertically
  • :new := split window/pane horizontally
  • c + [HJKL] := move cursor in windows like
  • c + [+-><] :=Increase/Decrease current pane height or width
  • c + _ := give all vertical space to current pane
  • c + | := give all horizontally space for all panes
  • c + = := evenly distrubute space for all panes
• Miscellaneous
  • u := undo
  • U := restore line
  • J := join line below to current line
  • . := repeat last command
• External Calls
  • :! command := excute an external command in the shell
  • :r file := insert the contents of file at cursor position
  • :r !command := insert output of command at cursor position
  • 数学复习
    • 1 + 1 = ？
• good example
  • :tabdo %s/gbk/utf-8/g :=在所有标签中执行全局替换动作(2012年1月21日21:45:01)
  • map i=strftime("%Y年%m月%d %H:%M:%S")         "插入时间(2012年4月2日21:13:16)