经济学人The right call on Huawei (20190427)

Britain’s measured approach to dealing with the controversial Chinese firm is a model for other countries
英国对于处理华为这家有争议的中国公司的谨慎态度为其他公司做了很好的榜样。

• ON April 24th the news broke that Britain’s government had decided to permit parts of the country’s 5G mobile networks to be built by Huawei, a Chinese firm.
  4月24日，有消息称，英国政府已经决定允许中国华为公司建设部分该国的5G移动网络。

• Many Americans and other friends of Britain will be appalled by its decision and fear that the country is being naive and toadying up to China.

toady v.(+to)to pretend to like an important person and do things for them, so that they will help you – used to show disapproval谄媚，奉承，拍马屁〔含贬义〕
n.someone who pretends to like an important person and does things for them, so that that person will help them – used to show disapproval谄媚者，马屁精〔含贬义〕

许多美国人和英国的其他朋友会对英国的决定感到十分震惊，担心英国这个国家太天真，对中国拍马屁。

• Huawei has, after all, become one of the most controversial firm sin the world and sits at the centre of a geopolitical storm.

geopolitical adj.地缘政治学的
地缘政治是政治地理学说中的一种理论。它主要是根据地理要素和政治格局的地域形式，分析和预测世界或地区范围的战略形势和有关国家的政治行为。它把地理因素视为影响甚至决定国家政治行为的一个基本因素。又被称为“地理政治学”。
sin n.(违反宗教教规的)罪孽the seven deadly sins 七宗罪v.违反教规
拓展引申adj. sinful 有罪的n.sinfulness 有罪过n.sinner 罪人adj.sincere 真诚的

毕竟，华为已成为全球最具争议的公司之一，并处于地缘政治风暴的中心。

• America worries that the telecoms equipment-maker is a Trojan horse for China’s spies and autocrats and poses a grave threat to Western interests. It has been urging its allies to ban it.

a Trojan horse n.特洛伊木马
目前一般可理解为“为进行非法目的的计算机病毒”，在电脑中潜伏，以达到黑客目的。原指一希腊传说。在古希腊传说中，希腊联军围困特洛伊久攻不下，于是假装撤退，留下一具巨大的中空木马，特洛伊守军不知是计，把木马运进城中作为战利品。夜深人静之际，木马腹中躲藏的希腊士兵打开城门，特洛伊沦陷。后人常用“特洛伊木马”这一典故，用来比喻在敌方营垒里埋下伏兵里应外合的活动。现在有的病毒伪装成一个实用工具、一个可爱的游戏、一个位图文件、甚至系统文件等等，这会诱使用户将其打开等操作直到PC或者服务器上。这样的病毒也被称为“特洛伊木马”（trojan wooden-horse），简称“木马”。
autocrat n.someone who makes decisions and gives orders to people without asking them for their opinion 独断专行的人
adj.autocratic 独断专行的 an autocratic leadership style 专断的领导作风

美国担心这家电信设备制造商是中国间谍和独裁者的特洛伊木马，对西方利益构成严重威胁。它一直在敦促其盟友去抵制它。

• Britain’s decision matters: it is a member of the “Five Eyes” intelligence-sharing alliance led by America, and was one of the first Western economies in which Huawei built a presence.

alliance n.an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something联盟，结盟
in alliance (with sb/sth)（与某人/某物）联盟[联手]

英国的决定很重要:它是由美国领导的“五眼”情报共享联盟的成员，也是华为最早涉足的西方经济体之一。

• Britain also has experience of electronic spying and knows Huawei well.

英国也有从事电子间谍的经验因此对于华为十分了解。

• Far from being a betrayal, Britain’s approach, of using the firm’s gear on the edges of 5g networks, under close supervision, offers a sensible framework for limited commercial engagement while protecting Britain’s security and that of its allies.

gear n.used to talk about the amount of effort and energy that someone is using in a situation〔某种情形下所花的〕精力，努力
change\shift\switch gears改变做事方式
v.be geared to sb/sth
to be organized in a way that is suitable for a particular purpose or situation适合某人/某事物
gear up 为……做准备

英国在5g网络边缘使用华为设备的做法远非背叛，而是在密切的监督下，明智地建立了有限的商业合作的框架，同时也保证了英国及其盟友的安全。

• Huawei has annual sales of $105bn from 170 countries. It is a leading supplier of equipment for new 5G networks that will connect a vast array of devices and become deeply embedded in the economy.

embed v.[T usually passive,一般用被动态]
if ideas, attitudes, or feelings etc are embedded, you believe or feel them very strongly使〔思想、态度、感情等〕扎根于
be embedded in sth使……扎根于

华为在170个国家的年销量为1050亿美元。它是5G新网络的领先供应商，5G连接了大量设备并且能够深度应用于经济。

• Rumours have long circulated that Huawei is cosy with China’s army, and worries about the firm have intensified in the past two years (see Briefing).

rumour n.（+about/of）information or a story that is passed from one person to another and which may or may not be true谣言，传闻
cosy adj.1.comfortable and friendly友好的，融洽的
2.having a close connection or relationship, especially one you do not approve of密切的；互相勾结的
be cosy with 与……密切，与……互相勾结
intensify v. If you intensify something or if it intensifies, it becomes greater in strength, amount, or degree. 加强; 强化

长期以来，一直有传言称华为与中国军方关系密切，而在过去两年中，人们对这所公司的担忧有所加剧。

• In February Mike Pompeo, America’s secretary of state, threatened to limit co-operation with countries that used Huawei gear.

今年二月，美国国务卿麦克·蓬佩奥威胁要限制与使用华为设备的国家的合作。

• America is also trying to extradite a Huawei executive (the daughter of its founder) from Canada for sanctions-busting.

extradite v.to use a legal process to send someone who may be guilty of a crime back to the country where the crime happened in order to judge them in a court of law引渡extradite sb to/from Britain/the US
sanction n. 1.sanctions 制裁
2.formal official permission, approval, or acceptance正式许可，批准，接受
3.formal a form of punishment that can be used if someone disobeys a rule or law处罚，惩罚
v. to officially accept or allow something 批准，准许be sanctioned by sth 为某事所认可

美国还试图从加拿大引渡一名华为高管（创始人的女儿），以违反制裁的的罪名逮捕。

• The easiest option for Britain would have been to ban Huawei from 5G networks, as Australia has.

对英国来说，最简单的选择就是像澳大利亚一样禁止华为进入5G.

But that would be wrongheaded.

wrongheaded adj.used to describe an idea, plan, or belief that someone has, that is based on wrong ideas that they are not willing to change坚持错误的，执迷不悟的

但是这将会是执迷不悟的。

• One reason is technical. Refusing to use Huawei hardware does relatively little to eliminate the risk of cyber-attacks by hostile governments.

hostile adj.angry and deliberately unfriendly towards someone, and ready to argue with them怀有敌意的，敌对的，不友善的

其中一个是技术原因。拒绝使用华为的硬件相对地对消除敌方政府进行网络诈骗的风险作用很小。

• State-backed hackers and saboteurs usually gain access to networks through flaws in software coding.

由国家支持的黑客和破坏者通常通过软件中的漏洞进入网络。

• This is why Russia can cause mayhem abroad, despite having no
  commercial role in Western telecoms networks.

mayhem n. an extremely confused situation in which people are very frightened or excited骚乱，大混乱

这就是俄罗斯为什么没有在西方电信网络中没有商业角色，它依旧能在海外制造混乱的原因。

• A ban would also have geopolitical costs.

禁令还会带来地缘政治代价。

• If an open system for global commerce is to be saved, a framework has
  to be built for countries to engage economically even if they are
  rivals.

如果要拯救一个开放的全球商业体系，就必须建立一个框架，让各国即使是竞争对手，也能在互相参与经济。

• No evidence of spying via Huawei gear has been made public.

目前还没有任何证据表明华为设备从事间谍活动。

• Most emerging economies have no intention of prohibiting it.

大多数新兴经济没有要禁止它的意思。

• A ban by a few American allies risks splitting the world into two
  blocs.

一些美国盟友的禁令有可能将这个世界分为两个集团。

• And a system without rules could be abused to hobble other Chinese
  firms engaged in legitimate activity (see Business section).

hobble v.to walk with difficulty, especially because your legs or feet
hurt跛行，一瘸一拐地走legitimate adj.acceptable or allowed by law合法的，法律许可的，依法的

没有规则的体系可能会被滥用，妨碍其他从事合法活动的中国公司。

• For a calibrated policy to succeed, Britain and other countries will
  need to observe three principles.

calibrate v.If you calibrate an instrument or tool, you mark or adjust it so that you can use it to measure something accurately. 校准

要使一个经过校准的政策成功，英国和其他国家需要遵守三项原则。

• The first is continual monitoring for hidden back doors and bugs. Since 2010 Britain has had a system for vetting Huawei’s software and systems.

vet v. to check someone’s past activities, relationships etc in order to make sure that person is suitable for a particular job, especially an important one审查〔某人过去的活动、亲属关系等〕

第一个原则是对于隐藏后门和漏洞的持续监视。从2010年开始英国就已经拥有了一套审查华为软件和系统的系统。

• This should continue and be extended to other 5G providers, with the aim of minimising the sloppy coding that creates vulnerabilities.

vulnerability n.漏洞sloppy adj.not done carefully or thoroughly马虎的，不仔细的，草率的

这个系统将会继续并且应用于其他5G公司目的是为了减少草率编码造成的漏洞。

• The second principle is to limit the scope of Huawei’s activities.

scope n.the range of things that a subject, activity, book etc deals with〔学科、活动、书籍等的〕范围

第二个原则是限制华为的活动范围。

• Britain will exclude its gear from the network “core”, where the most sensitive processing takes place, and from government networks.

英国讲华为的技术运用排除在发生最敏感处理的核心网络和政府网络之外.

• Military communications should also be kept isolated. And the use of other equipment vendors means that if a problem emerges, it is easy to switch firms.

vend v.出售
vendor n.供应商

军队的交流同样也被隔离了并且使用其他供应商意味着如果问题发生了，可以很轻易地转换公司。

• The final principle is that a u-turn is always possible.

最后一个原则是，180度大转弯是不可能的。

• Britain should demand that Huawei continually raises standards in its
  software and improves its opaque governance—and should have no qualms
  about chucking it out if it does not.

opaque adj.1.opaque glass or liquid is difficult to see through and often thick〔玻璃或液体〕不透明的2.formal difficult to understand难懂的，隐晦的，晦涩的
qualm n.a feeling of slight worry or doubt because you are not sure that what you are doing is right疑虑，不安，担忧

英国应该要求华为不断提高其软件标准，并要求它改善其不透明的管理，如果华为没有这样做，英国应该毫不犹豫地将其淘汰。

• No one should be naive about Huawei. But neither should anyone be complacent about the dangers of a trading system racked by confrontation and ad hoc bans.

complacent adj.pleased with a situation, especially something you have achieved, so that you stop trying to improve or change things – used to show disapproval自满的，得意的〔含贬义
a complacent attitude towards the problem 对问题满不在乎的态度
confrontation n.a situation in which there is a lot of angry disagreement between two people or groups对抗，对峙；冲突

没有人应该对华为抱有天真的态度。但是任何人都不应该自满于华为在贸易体系中因为冲突和临时禁令而遭受的危险。

• The right path is to mitigate the risks Huawei presents and avoid an escalating tradewar that makes economic engagement between the West and China impossible.

mitigate v. to make a situation or the effects of something less unpleasant, harmful, or serious减轻，缓解，缓和

正确的方法是减少华为目前所带来的风险避免一场不断升级使得中国和西方之间不可能进行经济接触的贸易战。