在java.util.concurrent.atomic包下,有AtomicBoolean , AtomicInteger, AtomicLong, AtomicReference等类,它们的基本特性就是在多线程环境下,执行这些类实例包含的方法时,具有排他性,即当某个线程进入方法,执行其中的指令时,不会被其他线程打断,而别的线程就像自旋锁一样,一直等到该方法执行完成,才由JVM从等待队列中选择一个另一个线程进入。
以AtomicBoolean为例,单线程执行普通的方法(如下),不会出现线程问题:
package com.secbro.test.atomic;
/**
* @author zhuzhisheng
* @Description
* @date on 2016/5/26.
*/
public class NormalBoolean implements Runnable{
public static boolean exits = false;
private String name;
public NormalBoolean(String name){
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if(!exits){
exits = true;
System.out.println(name + ",step 1");
System.out.println(name + ",step 2");
System.out.println(name + ",step 3");
exits = false;
} else {
System.out.println(name + ",step else");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new NormalBoolean("张三").run();
}
}
然而,当多线程执行时,就会出现在执行判断之后的命令时,会有其他线程插入,变更exits的值。如下段代码:
package com.secbro.test.atomic;
/**
* @author zhuzhisheng
* @Description
* @date on 2016/5/26.
*/
public class NormalBoolean2 implements Runnable{
public static boolean exits = false;
private String name;
public NormalBoolean2(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if(!exits){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
exits = true;
System.out.println(name + ",step 1");
System.out.println(name + ",step 2");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(name + ",step 3");
exits = false;
} else {
System.out.println(name + ",step else");
}
}
}
同时执行两线程,打印结果为:
张三,step 1
李四,step 1
张三,step 2
李四,step 2
张三,step 3
李四,step 3
现在,使用AtomicBoolean就可以确保多线程的情况下安全的运行,只有一个线程进行业务处理。
package com.secbro.test.atomic;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
/**
* @author zhuzhisheng
* @Description
* @date on 2016/5/26.
*/
public class TestAtomicBoolean implements Runnable{
public static AtomicBoolean exits = new AtomicBoolean(false);
private String name;
public TestAtomicBoolean(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if(exits.compareAndSet(false,true)){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(name + ",step 1");
System.out.println(name + ",step 2");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(name + ",step 3");
exits.set(false);
} else {
System.out.println(name + ",step else");
}
}
}
当两个线程执行此类时,打印结果如下:
张三,step else
李四,step 1
李四,step 2
李四,step 3
测试类:
package com.secbro.test.atomic;
/**
* @author zhuzhisheng
* @Description
* @date on 2016/5/26.
*/
public class TestBoolean {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread thread1 = new Thread(new NormalBoolean2("李四"));
Thread thread2 = new Thread(new NormalBoolean2("张三"));
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
//-------------------------------------------------------
Thread thread3 = new Thread(new TestAtomicBoolean("李四"));
Thread thread4 = new Thread(new TestAtomicBoolean("张三"));
thread3.start();
thread4.start();
}
}
参考文章:http://thomaschen2011.iteye.com/blog/1468085