16. sharding-jdbc源码分析之重写

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核心源码就在sharding-jdbc-core模块的com.dangdang.ddframe.rdb.sharding.rewrite目录下,包含两个文件SQLBuilderSQLRewriteEngine;测试用例入口为SQLRewriteEngineTest,下面从SQLRewriteEngineTest中debug源码分析sharding-jdbc的重写是如何实现的:

SQLRewriteEngineTest中某个测试用例如下--主要包括表名,offset,limit(rowCount)的重写:

@Test
public void assertRewriteForLimit() {
    selectStatement.setLimit(new Limit(true));
    // offset的值就是limit offset,rowCount中offset的值
    selectStatement.getLimit().setOffset(new LimitValue(2, -1));
    // rowCount的值就是limit offset,rowCount中rowCount的值
    selectStatement.getLimit().setRowCount(new LimitValue(2, -1));
    // TableToken的值表示表名table_x在原始SQL语句的偏移量是17的位置
    selectStatement.getSqlTokens().add(new TableToken(17, "table_x"));
    // OffsetToken的值表示offset在原始SQL语句的偏移量是33的位置(2就是offset的值)
    selectStatement.getSqlTokens().add(new OffsetToken(33, 2));
    // RowCountToken的值表示rowCount在原始SQL语句的偏移量是36的位置(2就是rowCount的值)
    selectStatement.getSqlTokens().add(new RowCountToken(36, 2));
    // selectStatement值模拟过程,实际上是SQL解释过程(SQL解释会单独分析)
    SQLRewriteEngine rewriteEngine = new SQLRewriteEngine(shardingRule, "SELECT x.id FROM table_x x LIMIT 2, 2", selectStatement);
    // 重写的核心就是这里了:rewriteEngine.rewrite(true)
    assertThat(rewriteEngine.rewrite(true).toSQL(tableTokens), is("SELECT x.id FROM table_1 x LIMIT 0, 4"));
}

重写方法核心源码:
从这段源码可知,sql重写主要包括对表名,limit offset, rowNum以及order by的重写(ItemsToken值对select col1, col2 from... 即查询结果列的重写--指那些由于ordre by或者group by需要增加的结果列);

public SQLBuilder rewrite(final boolean isRewriteLimit) {
    SQLBuilder result = new SQLBuilder();
    if (sqlTokens.isEmpty()) {
        result.appendLiterals(originalSQL);
        return result;
    }
    int count = 0;
    // 根据Token的beginPosition即出现的位置排序
    sortByBeginPosition();
    for (SQLToken each : sqlTokens) {
        if (0 == count) {
            // 第一次处理:截取从原生SQL的开始位置到第一个token起始位置之间的内容,例如"SELECT x.id FROM table_x x LIMIT 2, 2"这条SQL的第一个token是TableToken,即table_x所在位置,所以截取内容为"SELECT x.id FROM "
            result.appendLiterals(originalSQL.substring(0, each.getBeginPosition()));
        }
        if (each instanceof TableToken) {
            // 看后面的"表名重写分析"
            appendTableToken(result, (TableToken) each, count, sqlTokens);
        } else if (each instanceof ItemsToken) {
            // ItemsToken是指当逻辑SQL有order by,group by这样的特殊条件时,需要在select的结果列中增加一些结果列,例如执行逻辑SQL:"SELECT o.* FROM t_order o where o.user_id=? order by o.order_id desc limit 2,3",那么还需要增加结果列o.order_id AS ORDER_BY_DERIVED_0  
            appendItemsToken(result, (ItemsToken) each, count, sqlTokens);
        } else if (each instanceof RowCountToken) {
            // 看后面的"rowCount重写分析"
            appendLimitRowCount(result, (RowCountToken) each, count, sqlTokens, isRewriteLimit);
        } else if (each instanceof OffsetToken) {
            // 看后面的"offset重写分析"
            appendLimitOffsetToken(result, (OffsetToken) each, count, sqlTokens, isRewriteLimit);
        } else if (each instanceof OrderByToken) {
            appendOrderByToken(result, count, sqlTokens);
        }
        count++;
    }
    return result;
}

private void sortByBeginPosition() {
    Collections.sort(sqlTokens, new Comparator() {
        // 升序排列
        @Override
        public int compare(final SQLToken o1, final SQLToken o2) {
            return o1.getBeginPosition() - o2.getBeginPosition();
        }
    });
}

表名重写分析

private void appendTableToken(final SQLBuilder sqlBuilder, final TableToken tableToken, final int count, final List sqlTokens) {
    String tableName = sqlStatement.getTables().getTableNames().contains(tableToken.getTableName()) ? tableToken.getTableName() : tableToken.getOriginalLiterals();
    // append表名特殊处理
    sqlBuilder.appendTable(tableName);
    int beginPosition = tableToken.getBeginPosition() + tableToken.getOriginalLiterals().length();
    appendRest(sqlBuilder, count, sqlTokens, beginPosition);
}

// append表名特殊处理,把TableToken也要添加到SQLBuilder中(List segments)
public void appendTable(final String tableName) {
    segments.add(new TableToken(tableName));
    currentSegment = new StringBuilder();
    segments.add(currentSegment);
}
 
 

offset重写分析

private void appendLimitOffsetToken(final SQLBuilder sqlBuilder, final OffsetToken offsetToken, final int count, final List sqlTokens, final boolean isRewrite) {
    // offset的重写比较简单:如果要重写,则offset置为0,否则保留offset的值;
    sqlBuilder.appendLiterals(isRewrite ? "0" : String.valueOf(offsetToken.getOffset()));
    int beginPosition = offsetToken.getBeginPosition() + String.valueOf(offsetToken.getOffset()).length();
    appendRest(sqlBuilder, count, sqlTokens, beginPosition);
}

rowCount重写分析

private void appendLimitRowCount(final SQLBuilder sqlBuilder, final RowCountToken rowCountToken, final int count, final List sqlTokens, final boolean isRewrite) {
    SelectStatement selectStatement = (SelectStatement) sqlStatement;
    Limit limit = selectStatement.getLimit();
    if (!isRewrite) {
        // 如果不需要重写sql中的limit的话(例如select * from t limit 10),那么,直接append rowCount的值即可;
        sqlBuilder.appendLiterals(String.valueOf(rowCountToken.getRowCount()));
    } else if ((!selectStatement.getGroupByItems().isEmpty() || !selectStatement.getAggregationSelectItems().isEmpty()) && !selectStatement.isSameGroupByAndOrderByItems()) {
        // 如果要重写sql中的limit的话,且sql中有group by或者有group by & order by,例如""SELECT o.* FROM t_order o where o.user_id=? group by o.order_id order by o.order_id desc limit 2,3"需要",那么重写为Integer.MAX_VALUE,原因在下文分析,请点击连接:
        sqlBuilder.appendLiterals(String.valueOf(Integer.MAX_VALUE));
    } else {
        // 否则只需要将limit offset,rowCount重写为limit 0, offset+rowCount即可;
        sqlBuilder.appendLiterals(String.valueOf(limit.isRowCountRewriteFlag() ? rowCountToken.getRowCount() + limit.getOffsetValue() : rowCountToken.getRowCount()));
    }
    int beginPosition = rowCountToken.getBeginPosition() + String.valueOf(rowCountToken.getRowCount()).length();
    appendRest(sqlBuilder, count, sqlTokens, beginPosition);
}

appendRest分析

private void appendRest(final SQLBuilder sqlBuilder, final int count, final List sqlTokens, final int beginPosition) {
    // 如果SQL解析后只有一个token,那么结束位置(endPosition)就是sql末尾;否则结束位置就是到下一个token的起始位置
    int endPosition = sqlTokens.size() - 1 == count ? originalSQL.length() : sqlTokens.get(count + 1).getBeginPosition();
    sqlBuilder.appendLiterals(originalSQL.substring(beginPosition, endPosition));
}

所有重写最后都会调用appendRest(),即附加上余下部分内容,这个余下部分内容是指从当前处理的token到下一个token之间的内容,例如SQL为SELECT x.id FROM table_x x LIMIT 5, 10,当遍历到table_x,即处理完TableToken后,由于下一个token为OffsetToken,即5,所以appendRest就是append这一段内容:" x LIMIT "--从table_x到5之间的内容;

SQLBuilder.toString()分析

重写完后,调用SQLBuilder的toString()方法生成重写后最终的SQL语句;

public String toSQL(final Map tableTokens) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    for (Object each : segments) {
        // 如果是TableToken,并且是分库分表相关表,那么append最终的实际表名,例如t_order的实际表名可能是t_order_1
        if (each instanceof TableToken && tableTokens.containsKey(((TableToken) each).tableName)) {
            result.append(tableTokens.get(((TableToken) each).tableName));
        } else {
            result.append(each);
        }
    }
    return result.toString();
}

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