/*封装互斥锁的时候,要用到的方法,20200605*/
//问题一:MutexLock和Condition是否要设计成单例模式?
// 单例模式只能通过该类创建出一个对象,这意味着只能创建一把锁,如果再来一把锁的话,
// 这显然不符合需求,锁可以有多把,条件变量也可以有多个
//问题二:MutexLock和Condition的成员是否要设计成static?
// 不能设计成static,否则只能是唯一的
//问题三:MutexLock与Condition应该是什么关系?
// 从互斥锁和条件变量的创建以及销毁来看,彼此并不负责对方的生命周期,互不相干,彼此独立
// 由于Condition的接口wait方法是无参的,但是接下来的操作中需要用到互斥锁,MuteLock只能以指针的形式出现在Condition的数据成员中,表达的是一种关联关系(A has B)
//问题四:成员变量引用,需要注意构造函数初始化列表中进行
// MutexLock 和Condition不能进行复制。
class MutexLock
{//先定义接口,再定义实现
public:
MutexLock(); //构造函数初始化互斥锁
~MutexLock(); //析构函数进行销毁互斥锁 pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread——mutex_t*);
void lock(); //phtread_mutex_lock
void unlock(); //pthread_mutex_unlock
pthread_mutex_t *getMutexLockPtr()
{ return &_mutex2; } //返回一个 操作锁
private:
//成员放什么
//static pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
pthread_mutex_t _mutex2;
};
class Condition
{
public:
//...
Condition(); // 初始化pthread_cond_init(phtread_cond_t*,);
~Condition(); // 销毁 pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t*);
void wait(); // pthread_cond_wait
//void wait(MutexLock &mutex);//传参的叫依赖关系--->不调用该函数,彼此是无关的
void notify(); // pthread_cond_signal
void notifyall(); // pthread_cond_broadcast
private:
//...
//pthred_mutex_t * _mutex;//不能,要使用已经封装好的MutexLock
//pthread_mutex_t _mutex;//不能,意味着条件变量的对象要负责互斥锁的销毁
//MutexLock _mutex;//不能以对象成员的形式出现
MutexLock & _mutex;//可以,用引用(指针)都可以的
//MutexLock * _mutex;//关联关系(A has B,彼此并不负责对方生命周期)
pthread_cond_t _cond;
};
怎么去设计一个合理的类?面向对象设计 OOD,而不是面向过程
最难的是面向对象设计OOD,学习C++的语法知识是在做OOP
OOD难在对于一个需求或问题进行抽象,分析,为了应对需求的变化。
int pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *cond);
分为上半部和下半部
使用条件变量的时候一定要调用互斥锁,因为哟啊操作临界资源
上半部:当加锁之后,调用该方法时,表示当前线程A要进入阻塞状态,但是在进入阻塞状态之前会解锁
下半部:当另外一个线程B调用pthread_cond_signal方法,激活线程A的条件变量,线程A要再往下执行,必须哟啊执行加锁操作,才能往后走,接下来哟啊操作临界资源。
int pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *restrict cond,pthread_mutex_t *restrict mutex); //内核完成
代码如下:
MutexLock.hpp Condition.hpp Condition.cc Test.cc Test2.cc Test3.cc
MutexLock.hpp
#ifndef __WD_MUTEXLOCK_H__
#define __WD_MUTEXLOCK_H__
#include
#include
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
namespace wd
{
class MutexLock
{
public:
MutexLock()
: _isLocking(false)
{
if(0!=pthread_mutex_init(&_mutex,NULL))
{
perror("pthread_mutex_init");
}
}
//禁止复制控制
MutexLock(const MutexLock &)=delete;
MutexLock & operator=(const MutexLock &)=delete;
~MutexLock()
{
if(0!=pthread_mutex_destroy(&_mutex))
{
perror("pthread_mutex_destroy");
}
}
void lock()
{
if(0!=pthread_mutex_lock(&_mutex))
{
perror("pthread_mutex_lock");
return ;
}
_isLocking=true;
}
void unlock()
{
if(0!=pthread_mutex_unlock(&_mutex))
{
perror("pthread_mutex_unlock");
return ;
}
_isLocking=false;
}
pthread_mutex_t *getMutexLockPtr()
{//??????
return &_mutex;
}
bool isLocking() const
{
return _isLocking;
}
private:
pthread_mutex_t _mutex;
bool _isLocking;
};
class MutexLockGuard
{
public:
explicit
MutexLockGuard(MutexLock &mutex)
: _mutex(mutex)//构造函数加锁
{
_mutex.lock();
}
~MutexLockGuard()//析构函数来解锁
{
_mutex.unlock();
}
private://获取一个互斥锁的对象
MutexLock &_mutex;
};
}//end of namespace wd
#endif
Condition.hpp
#ifndef __WD_CONDITION_H__
#define __WD_CONDITION_H__
#include "MutexLock.hpp"
#include
#include
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
namespace wd
{
class Condition
{
public:
explicit
Condition(MutexLock & mutex);
~Condition();
//禁止复制?
Condition(const Condition &)=delete;
Condition &operator=(const Condition &)=delete;
void wait();
void notify();
void notifyAll();
private:
pthread_cond_t _cond;
MutexLock & _mutex;
};
}
#endif
Condition.cc
#include "Condition.hpp"
#include
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
namespace wd
{
Condition::Condition(MutexLock & mutex)
: _mutex(mutex)
{
if(0!=pthread_cond_init(&_cond,NULL))
{
perror("pthread_cond_init");
}
}
Condition:: ~Condition()
{
if(0!=pthread_cond_destroy(&_cond))
{
perror("pthread_cond_destroy");
}
}
void Condition::wait()
{
if(0!=pthread_cond_wait(&_cond,_mutex.getMutexLockPtr()))
{
perror("pthread_cond_wait");
}
}
void Condition::notify()
{
if(0!=pthread_cond_signal(&_cond))
{
perror("pthread_cond_signal");
}
}
void Condition::notifyAll()
{
if(0!=pthread_cond_broadcast(&_cond))
{
perror("pthread_cond_broadcast");
}
}
}//end of namespace wd
Test1.cc
两个线程抢占式卖票
/* autor:liulei */
/* C++ */
#include "Condition.hpp"
#include
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
struct CriticalResource
{
//构造函数完成对象的初始化
CriticalResource(long tickets)
: _tickets(tickets)
, _mutex()
, _cond(_mutex)
{}
long _tickets=1000;
wd::MutexLock _mutex;
wd::Condition _cond;
};
/*1号窗口和2号窗口抢占式的方式卖票*/
void *windowsSale1(void *arg)
{
cout<<">> windows1: "<(arg);
while(1)
{
presource->_mutex.lock();
if(presource->_tickets>0)
{
presource->_tickets--;
cout<<"windows1 left:tickets "<_tickets<_mutex.unlock();
break;//票卖完的时候,需要退出线程
}
presource->_mutex.unlock();
}
return nullptr;
}
void *windowsSale2(void *arg)
{
cout<<">> windows2: "<(arg);
while(1)
{
presource->_mutex.lock();
if(presource->_tickets>0)
{
presource->_tickets--;
cout<<"windows2 left:tickets "<_tickets<_mutex.unlock();
break;//票卖完的时候,需要退出线程
}
presource->_mutex.unlock();
}
return nullptr;
}
void test()
{
CriticalResource resoure(100000);
pthread_t pthid1,pthid2;
pthread_create(&pthid1,nullptr,windowsSale1,(void*)&resoure);
pthread_create(&pthid2,nullptr,windowsSale2,(void*)&resoure);
cout<<"> main thread:"<
Test2.cc
两个线程交替卖票
/* autor:liulei */
/* C++ */
#include "Condition.hpp"
#include
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
struct CriticalResource
{
CriticalResource()=default;
//构造函数完成对象的初始化
CriticalResource(long tickets)
: _tickets(tickets)
, _mutex()
, _cond(_mutex)
{}
long _tickets=1000;
bool _flag=false;
wd::MutexLock _mutex;
wd::Condition _cond{_mutex};
};
/*1号窗口和2号窗口交替卖票*/
//1号卖完了通知2号卖,2号卖完了通知1号卖
// _flag=true,一号卖,否则一号等待
// _flag=flase,二号卖,否则二号等待
void *windowsSale1(void *arg)
{
cout<<">> windows1: "<(arg);
while(1)
{
presource->_mutex.lock();
if(presource->_flag==false)
{
presource->_cond.wait();//等待,阻塞
}
//_flag=true,一号卖票
if(presource->_tickets>0)
{
presource->_tickets--;
cout<<"windows1 left:tickets "<_tickets<_mutex.unlock();
//通知2号窗口卖票,所以要修改条件
presource->_flag=false;
presource->_cond.notify();
}else{
cout<<"Windows1:tickets has sold out!"<_mutex.unlock();
break;//票卖完的时候,需要退出线程
}
}
return nullptr;
}
void *windowsSale2(void *arg)
{
cout<<">> windows2: "<(arg);
while(1)
{
presource->_mutex.lock();
if(presource->_flag==true)
{
presource->_cond.wait();
}
//2.2 _flag 为false的时候,执行卖票操作
if(presource->_tickets>0)
{
presource->_tickets--;
cout<<"windows2 left:tickets "<_tickets<_mutex.unlock();
presource->_flag=true;
presource->_cond.notify();
}else{
cout<<"Windows2:tickets has sold out!"<_mutex.unlock();
break;//票卖完的时候,需要退出线程
}
}
return nullptr;
}
void test()
{
CriticalResource resoure(100000);
pthread_t pthid1,pthid2;
pthread_create(&pthid1,nullptr,windowsSale1,(void*)&resoure);
pthread_create(&pthid2,nullptr,windowsSale2,(void*)&resoure);
cout<<"> main thread:"<
Test3.cc
两个线程卖票,可以用C++去解决解锁之前出现的死锁问题
/* autor:liulei */
/* C++ */
#include "Condition.hpp"
#include
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
struct CriticalResource
{
CriticalResource()=default;
//构造函数完成对象的初始化
CriticalResource(long tickets)
: _tickets(tickets)
, _mutex()
, _cond(_mutex)
{}
long _tickets=1000;
bool _flag=false;
wd::MutexLock _mutex;
wd::Condition _cond{_mutex};
};
/*1号窗口和2号窗口交替卖票*/
//1号卖完了通知2号卖,2号卖完了通知1号卖
// _flag=true,一号卖,否则一号等待
// _flag=flase,二号卖,否则二号等待
void *windowsSale1(void *arg)
{
cout<<">>>> windows1: "<(arg);
while(1)
{
/* presource->_mutex.lock(); */
wd::MutexLockGuard mlg(presource->_mutex);
if(presource->_flag==false)
{
presource->_cond.wait();//等待,阻塞
}
//_flag=true,一号卖票
if(presource->_tickets>0)
{
presource->_tickets--;
cout<<"windows1 left:tickets "<_tickets<_mutex.unlock(); */
//通知2号窗口卖票,所以要修改条件
presource->_flag=false;
presource->_cond.notify();
}else{
cout<<"Windows1:tickets has sold out!"<_mutex.unlock(); */
break;//票卖完的时候,需要退出线程
}
}
return nullptr;
}
void *windowsSale2(void *arg)
{
cout<<"windows2: "<(arg);
while(1)
{
/* presource->_mutex.lock(); */
wd::MutexLockGuard mlg(presource->_mutex);
if(presource->_flag==true)
{
presource->_cond.wait();
}
//2.2 _flag 为false的时候,执行卖票操作
if(presource->_tickets>0)
{
presource->_tickets--;
cout<<"windows2 left:tickets "<_tickets<_flag=true;
presource->_cond.notify();
}else{
cout<<"Windows2:tickets has sold out!"<_mutex.unlock(); */
break;//票卖完的时候,需要退出线程
}
}
return nullptr;
}
void test()
{
CriticalResource resoure(100000);
pthread_t pthid1,pthid2;
pthread_create(&pthid1,nullptr,windowsSale1,(void*)&resoure);
pthread_create(&pthid2,nullptr,windowsSale2,(void*)&resoure);
cout<<"> main thread:"<