python爬取智联招聘职位信息(多进程)

测试了下,采用单进程爬取5000条数据大概需要22分钟,速度太慢了点。我们把脚本改进下,采用多进程。

首先获取所有要爬取的URL,在这里不建议使用集合,字典或列表的数据类型来保存这些URL,因为数据量太大,太消耗内存,这里,python的生成器就发挥作用了。

'''
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'''
def get_urls(total_page,cityname,jobname):
    '''
    获取需要爬取的URL以及部分职位信息
    :param start: 开始的工作条数
    :param cityname: 城市名
    :param jobname: 工作名
    :return: 字典
    '''
    for start in range(total_page):
        url = r'https://fe-api.zhaopin.com/c/i/sou?start={}&pageSize=60&cityId={}&workExperience=-1&education=-1' \
              r'&companyType=-1&employmentType=-1&jobWelfareTag=-1&kw={}&kt=3'.format(start*60,cityname,jobname)
        try:
            rec = requests.get(url)
            if rec.status_code == 200:
                j = json.loads(rec.text)
                results = j.get('data').get('results')
                for job in results:
                    empltype = job.get('emplType')  # 职位类型,全职or校园
                    if empltype=='全职':
                        positionURL = job.get('positionURL') # 职位链接
                        createDate = job.get('createDate') # 招聘信息创建时间
                        updateDate = job.get('updateDate') # 招聘信息更新时间
                        endDate = job.get('endDate') # 招聘信息截止时间
                        positionLabel = job.get('positionLabel')
                        if positionLabel:
                            jobLight_par = (re.search('"jobLight":\[(.*?|[\u4E00-\u9FA5]+)\]',job.get('positionLabel'))) # 职位亮点
                            jobLight = jobLight_par.group(1) if jobLight_par else None
                        else:
                            jobLight = None
                        yield {
                            'positionURL':positionURL,
                            'createDate':createDate,
                            'updateDate':updateDate,
                            'endDate':endDate,
                            'jobLight':jobLight
                        }
        except Exception as e:
            logger.error('get urls faild:%s', e)
            return None

在使用多进程之前,有两个问题需要解决:

1、在爬取过程中,即需要把爬取完成的URL实时保存到old_url这个变量中,又要去查询要爬取的URL是否在这个old_url,那么就要使这个old_url的变量在多个进程之间共享数据。这里使用multiprocessing的Manager()方法

2、每个进程都要把爬取下来的数据保存到同一个CSV文件中,多个进程同时去修改一个CSV,当然会报异常。这里我们引入回调函数来解决整个问题

def mycallback(data):
    if data:
        csv_filename = data.pop('csv_filename')
        with open(csv_filename,'a+',newline='',encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
            f_csv = csv.DictWriter(f,data.keys())
            f_csv.writerow(data)

好了,解决上述两个问题后,就可以使用进程池Pool()来实现多进程了

'''
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'''
if __name__=='__main__':
    start_time = datetime.datetime.now()
    logger.info('*' * 20 + "start running spider!" + '*' * 20)
    old_url_l = load_progress('old_url.txt')
    manager = Manager()
    old_url = manager.list(old_url_l)
    if not os.path.exists(output_path):
        os.mkdir(output_path)
    for jobname in job_names:
        for cityname in city_names:
            pool = Pool()
            logger.info('*'*10+'start spider '+'jobname:'+jobname+'city:'+cityname+'*'*10)
            total_page = get_page_nums(cityname,jobname)
            csv_filename=output_path+'/{0}_{1}.csv'.format(jobname,cityname)
            if not os.path.exists(csv_filename):
                write_csv_headers(csv_filename)
            urls = get_urls(total_page, cityname, jobname)
            for url in urls:
                pool.apply_async(get_job_info,args=(url,old_url,csv_filename),callback=mycallback)
            pool.close()
            pool.join()
            logger.info('*'*10+'jobname:'+jobname+'city:'+cityname+' spider finished!'+'*'*10)
    save_progress(set(old_url), 'old_url.txt')
    end_time = datetime.datetime.now()
    logger.info('*' * 20 + "spider finished!Running time:%s" % (end_time - start_time) + '*' * 20)
    print("Running time:%s" % (end_time - start_time))

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