所谓验证码,就是将一串随机产生的数字或符号,生成一幅图片, 图片里加上一些干扰,例如随机画数条直线或者画一些点,由用户肉眼识别其中的验证码信息,输入表单提交网站验证,验证成功后才能使用某项功能。验证码中之所以加上凌乱的直线是为了防止某些人使用OCR软件识别随机产生的数字或符号,从而达到恶意破解密码、刷票、论坛灌水、刷页等恶意行为。下面就开始直接上代码吧:
下面是Demo的文件组织结构
下面就是index.jsp的代码。主要功能是单击浏览器上的验证码图片,实现验证码的更换。
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
验证码
验证码
RandomValidateCodeServlet
com.web.RandomValidateCodeServlet
RandomValidateCodeServlet
/RandomValidateCodeServlet
index.jsp
public class RandomValidateCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("image/jpeg");//设置相应类型,告诉浏览器输出的内容为图片
response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");//设置响应头信息,告诉浏览器不要缓存此内容
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
response.setDateHeader("Expire", 0);
RandomValidateCode randomValidateCode = new RandomValidateCode();
try {
randomValidateCode.getRandcode(request, response);//输出图片方法
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public class RandomValidateCode {
public static final String RANDOMCODEKEY = "RANDOMVALIDATECODEKEY";// 放到session中的key
private Random random = new Random();
// 随机产生数字与字母组合的字符串
private String randString = "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
/*
* private String randString = "0123456789";//随机产生只有数字的字符串 private String
* randString = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";//随机产生只有字母的字符串
*/
private int width = 80;// 图片宽
private int height = 26;// 图片高
private int lineSize = 40;// 干扰线数量
private int stringNum = 4;// 随机产生字符数量
/*
* 获得字体
*/
private Font getFont() {
return new Font("Fixedsys", Font.CENTER_BASELINE, 18);
}
/*
* 获得颜色
*/
private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
if (fc > 255)
fc = 255;
if (bc > 255)
bc = 255;
int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 16);
int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 14);
int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc - 18);
return new Color(r, g, b);
}
/**
* 生成随机图片
*/
public void getRandcode(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpSession session = request.getSession();
// BufferedImage类是具有缓冲区的Image类,Image类是用于描述图像信息的类
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR);
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();// 产生Image对象的Graphics对象,改对象可以在图像上进行各种绘制操作
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
g.setFont(new Font("Times New Roman", Font.ROMAN_BASELINE, 18));
g.setColor(getRandColor(110, 133));
// 绘制干扰线
for (int i = 0; i <= lineSize; i++) {
drowLine(g);
}
// 绘制随机字符
String randomString = "";
for (int i = 1; i <= stringNum; i++) {
randomString = drowString(g, randomString, i);
}
//将生成的随机字符串保存到session中,而jsp界面通过session.getAttribute("RANDOMCODEKEY"),
//获得生成的验证码,然后跟用户输入的进行比较
session.removeAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY);
session.setAttribute(RANDOMCODEKEY, randomString);
g.dispose();
try {
// 将内存中的图片通过流动形式输出到客户端
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", response.getOutputStream());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/*
* 绘制字符串
*/
private String drowString(Graphics g, String randomString, int i) {
g.setFont(getFont());
g.setColor(new Color(random.nextInt(101), random.nextInt(111), random
.nextInt(121)));
String rand = String.valueOf(getRandomString(random.nextInt(randString
.length())));
randomString += rand;
g.translate(random.nextInt(3), random.nextInt(3));
g.drawString(rand, 13 * i, 16);
return randomString;
}
/*
* 绘制干扰线
*/
private void drowLine(Graphics g) {
int x = random.nextInt(width);
int y = random.nextInt(height);
int xl = random.nextInt(13);
int yl = random.nextInt(15);
g.drawLine(x, y, x + xl, y + yl);
}
/*
* 获取随机的字符
*/
public String getRandomString(int num) {
return String.valueOf(randString.charAt(num));
}
}