Mysql 主从从级联复制

 需求:三个服务器A->B->C级联主从

版本: 数据库 mysql 5.6_64bit_binary_install                            操作系统: redhat 6.4_x86_64bit

Master :  192.168.0.186        =>主节点
slave1   :    192.168.0.167     =>中继节点
slave2   :    192.168.4.123     

1:    管理iptables , selinux ,/etc/hosts  下主机IP 地址绑定

2:  配置 MY.CNF 相关参数
MAster 配置:  my.cnf

[mysql@master ~]$ cat /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf 
# For advice on how to change settings please see 
----------------
[mysqld] 
port=3308 
skip-name-resolve                           -- /*  dns 反向解析时间 *  grant 时,必须使用ip不能使用主机名  */
datadir=/cifpay/mysqldb 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
log-error=/cifpay/mysqldb/oracle11g.com.err 
pid-file=/cifpay/mysqldb/oracle11g.com.pid 
plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin 
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock 
# ----master-----# 
# replicate-do-db
server_id=1                                       --/* 唯一标示 */
log-bin=/cifpay/mysql-bin.log 
binlog-ignore-db=mysql                --/*  复制 排除 mysql 库 */ 
sql-mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION      --/*  可以添加 用户 */
-------------------

Slave1(中继节点)  配置:

[mysql@slave1 ~] $ cat /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf 
# For advice on how to change settings please see 
---------------
[mysqld] 
port=3308 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
datadir=/cifpay/mysqldb 
log-error=/cifpay/mysqldb/dominic.mysql1.err 
pid-file=/cifpay/mysqldb/dominic.mysql1.pid 
plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin 
# ----slave 1 -------# 
# replicate-do-db
server-id=2 
read_only=TURE 
binlog-ignore-db=mysql 
log_slave_updates=1                             /*  关键一步 */         
log-bin=/cifpay/mysql-bin.log 
sql-mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
------------------

Slave2 配置:
[mysql@slave2 ~]$ cat /usr/local/mysql/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see 
------------------------
[mysqld] 
port=3308 
server_id=3 
basedir=/usr/local/mysql 
datadir=/cifpay/mysqldb 
log-error=/cifpay/mysqldb/cifpay.rac1.err 
pid-file=/cifpay/mysqldb/cifpay.rac1.pid 
plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin 
read_only=TURE 
# replicate-do-db
sql-mode=NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
------------------------
注意: 关于要复制多个数据库时,binlog-do-db和replicate-do-db选项的设置,网上很多人说是用半角逗号分隔,经过测试,这样的说法是错误的,MySQL官方文档也明确指出,如果要备份多个数据库,只要重复设置相应选项就可以了。
binlog-do-db=a
binlog-do-db=b
replicate-do-db=a
replicate-do-db=b



3 :    各mysql 数据库DB 创建对应的copy  user 以及授权:注意, 最好用户分开,授予 REPLICATION SLAVE 权限

mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to copy1@'%' identified by '123456'with grant option;
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| dominic            |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select user,password,host from user;
+-------+-------------------------------------------+---------------+
| user  | password                                  | host          |
+-------+-------------------------------------------+---------------+
| root  |                                           | localhost     |
| root  |                                           | oracle11g.com |
| copy1 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | %             |
| copy2 | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | %             |
+-------+-------------------------------------------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
     

4 : 重启Mster  库,使配置生效, 在主服务器上,设置读锁定有效,这个操作是为了确保没有数据库操作,以便获得 一个一致性的快照:
      mysql> flush tables with read lock;

5 :通过mysqldump 或者其他方式: 释放master 锁  及 slave 库恢复(约)
       mysql> unlock tables;

 6:启动Slave 1 (中继节点) ,通过 --skip-slave-start参数   或者 正常启动后,通过mysql > stop salve ;
    
对从数据库服务器做相应设置,指定复制使用的用户,主数据库服务器的 IP、端 口以及开始执行复制的日志文件和位置等,具体语法如下: 
查看 master 节点 pos :
mysql> show master status ;      --Master 
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000004 |      120 |              | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO         --Slave 1
-> MASTER_HOST='master_host_name',                           -->主机host(IP)
-> MASTER_USER='replication_user_name',                     -->复制的用户user( 如果是主从从,指定的复制用户必须不同)
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='replication_password',            -->复制用户的密码
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='recorded_log_file_name',             -->对应第5步的 file 编号。
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=recorded_log_position,                 -->对应的POS编号
-> MASTER_PORT=3308;

eg: 中继节点 Slave1 上执行
mysql> change master to
    -> MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.186',
    -> MASTER_USER='copy1',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=120,
    ->  MASTER_PORT=3308;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.06 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)


mysql> show slave status \G                      --查看slave 1 状态
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.186
                  Master_User: copy1
                  Master_Port: 3308
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 249
               Relay_Log_File: dominic-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 412
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
              Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 249
              Relay_Log_Space: 587
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 1fb88a50-81b1-11e4-95e4-080027a9d0f9
             Master_Info_File: /cifpay/mysqldb/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
 

   7 :  启动slave 2 通过 --skip-slave-start参数   或者 正常启动后,通过mysql > stop salve ;
 
mysql> show master status \g     --查看Slave 1 对应pos 值:
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 |      431 |              | mysql            |                   |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


[mysql@slave2]$ /etc/init.d/mysqldb start --skip-slave-start
Starting MySQL... SUCCESS! 

[mysql@slave2]$ /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. 
Your MySQL connection id is 1 
Server version: 5.6.21-enterprise-commercial-advanced MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced Edition (Commercial) 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its 
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective 
owners. 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. 

mysql> change master to 
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.0.167', 
-> MASTER_USER='copy2', 
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', 
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', 
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=302, 
-> MASTER_PORT=3308; 
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.19 sec)

   查看Slave2 节点状态:
mysql> show slave status \G                 --Slave2 节点
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.167
                  Master_User: copy2
                  Master_Port: 3308
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 302
               Relay_Log_File: cifpay-relay-bin.000002
                Relay_Log_Pos: 283
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 302
              Relay_Log_Space: 457
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 2
                  Master_UUID: 9b6fc45b-81b3-11e4-95f4-0800273e24cb
             Master_Info_File: /cifpay/mysqldb/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
            Executed_Gtid_Set:
                Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.01 sec)


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