1,摘要
通过《第六课 技术小白如何开发一个DAPP区块链应用(以宠物商店为例)》 学习,大家掌握了一个DAPP的编程和以太坊私有测试环境调试,本文做进一步的技术深入学习。
【本文目标】
(1)采用INFURA配置的方式把智能合约部署到ROPSTEN测试网络;
(2)采用INFURA配置的方式把智能合约部署到以太坊主网络;
(3)了解采用.env配置的方式把助记词保存到本地防止泄露;
【前提条件】
本文假设你已完成《第六课 技术小白如何开发一个DAPP区块链应用(以宠物商店为例)》的学习,在UBUTU环境编译成功智能合约,通过浏览器运行宠物商店程序并点击领养宠物成功。
2, 操作内容
2.1 注册infura获取API-KEY
地址:https://infura.io
辉哥注册后,获得API KEY:8ce5ebd357144bef8dceae3de1915e29
2.2 增加配置文件.env
Dotenv是一个零依赖模块,用于从".env"文件中导入环境变量到 process.env。对DAPP来说,这样就可以不用上传钱包助记词等核心机密到GITHUB,便于资产安全。
如何获取META MASK的助记词
META MASK的助记词是针对原创账户的。在TRUFFLE框架下默认使用第一个创建的ACCOUNT1进行部署操作。
如何获取imToken钱包的助记词
imToken钱包的助记词一般在你创建钱包的时候已经备份好了,之后会被删除。钱包此时只能导出私钥或者keystore了。
2.3 增加配置文件truffle.js的ROSPTEN和MAINNET环境配置
修改配置文件配置文件truffle.js,增加ROSPTEN和MAINNET环境配置内容。
/*读取.env环境配置的文件变量定义*/
const dotenv = require('dotenv');
const result = dotenv.config();
if (result.error) {
throw result.error;
}
console.log(result.parsed);
var NonceTrackerSubprovider = require("web3-provider-engine/subproviders/nonce-tracker");
var HDWalletProvider = require("truffle-hdwallet-provider");
/*访问https://infura.io/注册后获取的api-key*/
var infura_apikey = "8ce5ebd357144bef8dceae3de1915e29";
/*读取.env文件配置的助记词*/
var mnemonic_ropsten = process.env.mnemonic_ropsten;
var mnemonic_mainnet = process.env.mnemonic_mainnet;
module.exports = {
// See
// to customize your Truffle configuration!
networks: {
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 7545,
network_id: "*", // Match any network id
gas: 4500000
},
local: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*", // Match any network id
//gas: 4300000
},
ropsten: {
provider: new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic_ropsten, "https://ropsten.infura.io/"+infura_apikey),
network_id: 3,
gas: 3012388,
gasPrice: 30000000000
},
mainnet: {
provider: function () {
var wallet = new HDWalletProvider(mnemonic_mainnet, "https://mainnet.infura.io/Np7IGWoN2UOb0tgRWx55");
var nonceTracker = new NonceTrackerSubprovider();
wallet.engine._providers.unshift(nonceTracker);
nonceTracker.setEngine(wallet.engine);
return wallet;
},
gas: 6000000,
network_id: 1,
gasPrice: 10 * 1000000000
}
}
};
2.4 上传代码
辉哥假设你已经创建好了宠物商店的代码,完成了第六课的实践。
没有的话,可加入辉哥知识星球,从中下载本案例代码工程,也可加专门微信群交流技术问题。
把DAPP工程上传到UBUNTU的ETH环境。记得把WINDOWS下的main.env文件改为.env文件,便于运行时环境读取。
2.5 安装 truffle-hdwallet-provider
Infura组织是MetaMask背后的以太坊供应商。Infura提供了一个托管的以太坊节点集群,可以将你开发的以太坊智能合约部署到infura提供的节点上,而无需搭建自己的以太坊节点。
Infura不保存你的私钥,Infura可以通过使用HDWalletProvider来签署交易。 该服务可以处理事务签名以及与以太坊网络的连接。
在宠物商店根目录下运行命令:
npm install truffle-hdwallet-provider
成功输出参考如下:
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop$ npm install truffle-hdwallet-provider
> [email protected] preinstall /home/duncanwang/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop/node_modules/scrypt
> node node-scrypt-preinstall.js
...
npm WARN [email protected] requires a peer of [email protected] but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN [email protected] No description
npm WARN [email protected] No repository field.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: [email protected] (node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"ia32"})
+ [email protected]
added 566 packages from 381 contributors in 188.892s
辉哥在安装truffle-hdwallet-provider时遇到了巨大的各种坑。刚开始怀疑是被墙的问题,尝试过各种手段,最终发现是没有安装C/C++编译器的欢迎,参考本文章节"3,常见问题和解决方法"解决。
2.6 安装 dotenv
npm install dotenv
安装成功的输入如下:
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop$ npm install dotenv
npm WARN [email protected] requires a peer of [email protected] but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN [email protected] No description
npm WARN [email protected] No repository field.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: [email protected] (node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"ia32"})
+ [email protected]
added 1 package from 1 contributor in 15.671s
如果安装失败,请参考本文章节"3,常见问题和解决方法"解决。
2.7 把智能合约部署到ROPSTEN测试网络
(1), 在宠物商店根目录下运行命令:
truffle migrate --network ropsten --reset --compile-all
重新编译成功后会部署到ropsetn测试环境。成功输出内容参考:
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop$ truffle migrate --network ROPSTEN --reset --compile-all
...
Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
Using network 'ropsten'.
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying Migrations...
... 0xe9a11fa0cb23c1c87068c97719b1400285bb56c1d6592415104d794657c23e36
Migrations: 0x4c6475632bd8101727d0b4bcce8f9fbc5eef43f0
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0xe04d70b45866abfae901396d76d8509c39c747dee203e979b60ec324d2bf3179
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
Deploying Adoption...
... 0x824322568f00e51b7b707d212da9f9c1a2f56a1bdb9a2734ea5ce6c544f7bb2a
Adoption: 0xa65fc2fbbfb0c74a984144df3174853fe74e2179
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0xe209420af44a028590408aff402829e746ef9abb109db808b75ff8aa1ec28ac3
Saving artifacts...
提取合约地址,点击可以查看部署成功的合约链接:
- https://ropsten.etherscan.io/address/0x4c6475632bd8101727d0b4bcce8f9fbc5eef43f0
- https://ropsten.etherscan.io/address/0xa65fc2fbbfb0c74a984144df3174853fe74e2179
(2) 本次因为不需要采用本地环境,所以不需要启动ganache-cli环境,但是需要在独立环境窗口安装,运行lite-server环境,以便访问宠物商店网页。
输入命令:
npm install lite-server --save-dev
npm run dev
安装成功输出参考:
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop$ npm install lite-server --save-dev
npm WARN [email protected] requires a peer of [email protected] but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN [email protected] No description
npm WARN [email protected] No repository field.
npm WARN optional SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: [email protected] (node_modules/fsevents):
npm WARN notsup SKIPPING OPTIONAL DEPENDENCY: Unsupported platform for [email protected]: wanted {"os":"darwin","arch":"any"} (current: {"os":"linux","arch":"ia32"})
+ [email protected]
added 19 packages from 24 contributors, removed 19 packages and updated 40 packages in 41.6s
lite-server运行成功参考:
> [email protected] dev /home/duncanwang/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop
> lite-server
** browser-sync config **
{ injectChanges: false,
files: [ './**/*.{html,htm,css,js}' ],
watchOptions: { ignored: 'node_modules' },
server:
{ baseDir: [ './src', './build/contracts' ],
middleware: [ [Function], [Function] ] } }
[Browsersync] Access URLs:
--------------------------------------
Local: http://localhost:3000
External: http://192.168.2.209:3000
--------------------------------------
UI: http://localhost:3001
UI External: http://192.168.2.209:3001
--------------------------------------
[Browsersync] Serving files from: ./src
[Browsersync] Serving files from: ./build/contracts
[Browsersync] Watching files...
(3) 网页访问宠物商店
辉哥服务器的地址页面地址:http://192.168.2.209:3000
(4) 领养宠物狗狗
点击领养的流程同第六课私有以太坊环境的操作。
点击可查看辉哥本次操作成功的交易记录:
https://ropsten.etherscan.io/tx/0x26c8458ff0fadfb74f214d421d894198594ea638a2176630cab136987cf5ef4b
2.8 把智能合约部署到以太坊主网络
记得把有以太坊余额的助记词配置到.env文件。
运行命令:
truffle migrate --network mainnet --reset --compile-all
运行成功结果参考:
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/dapp-guide-pet-shop$truffle migrate --network mainnet --reset --compile-all
...
Writing artifacts to ./build/contracts
Using network 'mainnet'.
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying Migrations...
... 0xa31fa855a85808c974f49d894b2116d6bdd916c52118026bb3ab02fbcbe765c9
Migrations: 0x71636b5d2ee99a251b511226e17a27d79d73276f
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0xb36f92716e38e28dcb0c9e4f8fa13e54a1ab0ddd81a8ac70c8384aa680a5cb10
Saving artifacts...
Running migration: 2_deploy_contracts.js
Deploying Adoption...
... 0x047ef9057c76aac9929ff2a2d72426170b12bd513452a05281b14dbd7414a37f
Adoption: 0xe2202412f3a6c8ce4fedd1bcad5890444416a524
Saving successful migration to network...
... 0x709859af998907ee1b17815f621430dc4cfdc663a5f3f4ad78517c8675c15016
Saving artifacts...
点击可查看辉哥本次部署合同的合约地址链接:
- https://etherscan.io/address/0xe2202412f3a6c8ce4fedd1bcad5890444416a524
- https://etherscan.io/address/0x71636b5d2ee99a251b511226e17a27d79d73276f
运营宠物商店网址也可以完成相关的操作。
http://192.168.2.209:3000/
辉哥最终cancel了本次交易,就不花这蛋疼的钱了。
3,常见问题和解决方法
3.1 安装truffle-hdwallet-provider失败
【输出描述】
Error: Error: Command failed: ./configure
configure: error: in `/home/duncanwang/work/cet-token/node_modules/scrypt/scrypt/scrypt-1.2.0':
configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH
See `config.log' for more details
...
【解决方法】
针对这个问题的解决,辉哥走过较多的弯路,包括VPN,安装GCC"npm install -g gcc", "npm rebuild"都没有解决。最终通过运行命令解决了。
sudo apt-get install build-essential
【解决方法2】
辉哥在CentOS6.5上安装truffle-hdwallet-provider时又遇到类似问题。采用CentOS的安装命令
yum groupinstall "Development Tools" yum install -y gcc g++ kernel-devel
安装成功后编译truffle-hdwallet-provider时还是失败。
查看g++的版本,发现是V4.4.7的,这个至少需要V4.7才能成功。
#g++ --version
g++ (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-23)
Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
最后参考《CentOS升级gcc4.4.7到gcc4.8.5》文档,花了1个多小时完成g++的版本升级后,安装truffle-hdwallet-provider才成功。
3.2 部署到主网不成功
【输出描述】
Running migration: 1_initial_migration.js
Deploying Migrations...
Error encountered, bailing. Network state unknown. Review successful transactions manually.
insufficient funds for gas * price + value
【解决方法】
(1)辉哥忘记在.env中配置mnemonic_mainnet的助记词,提示也是这个。
(2)后来辉哥使用METAMASK导出的助记词配置给mnemonic_mainnet,也往METAMASK导入了有足够主网ETH的账号,还是提示错误。后来确认导入账号的助记词不能从METAMASK导出。获取正确的助记词就解决了。
3.3 安装TRUFFEL5.0版本后,部署到ROPSTEN网络失败
【输出描述】
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/PuzzleBID$ truffle migrate --network ropsten --reset
...
Error: Cannot find module 'web3-provider-engine/subproviders/nonce-tracker'
at Function.Module._resolveFilename (internal/modules/cjs/loader.js:548:15)
【解决方法】
安装这2步之后,部署到ROPSTEN就成功了。
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/PuzzleBID$ sudo npm install web3-provider-engine
duncanwang@ubuntu:~/work/PuzzleBID$ sudo node-gyp rebuild
4, 参考
(1)【区块链】部署智能合约到以太坊主网(truffle+infura)
(2) dotenv介绍