web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结

web前端基础(一)–HTML简介、标签介绍
web前端基础(二)–CSS简介、选择器
web前端基础(三)–CSS特性、排版
web前端基础(四)–CSS布局模型

 

文章目录

    • Html,CSS,JavaScript的关系
    • HTML
      • html格式
      • 注释
      • html中的特殊字符
      • 认识简单标签
      • 认识复杂标签(截图展示效果)
      • form:表单标签
      • frame:框架标签

Html,CSS,JavaScript的关系

学习web前端开发基础技术需要掌握:HTML、CSS、JavaScript语言。下面我们就来了解下这三门技术都是用来实现什么的:

  1. HTML是网页内容的载体。内容就是网页制作者放在页面上想要让用户浏览的信息,可以包含文字、图片、视频等。

  2. CSS样式是表现。就像网页的外衣。比如,标题字体、颜色变化,或为标题加入背景图片、边框等。所有这些用来改变内容外观的东西称之为表现。

  3. JavaScript是用来实现网页上的特效效果。如:鼠标滑过弹出下拉菜单。或鼠标滑过表格的背景颜色改变。还有焦点新闻(新闻图片)的轮换。可以这么理解,有动画的,有交互的一般都是用JavaScript来实现的。

HTML

以html为后缀的文件可以用浏览器打开,比如新建一个txt文件,将后缀改为html

web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第1张图片

HTML标签不区分大小写,

是一样的,但建议小写,因为大部分程序员都以小写为准。
 

html格式

一、 一个HTML文件是有自己固定的结构的。

<html>

<head>...</head>

<body>...</body>

</html>

代码讲解:

  1. 称为根标签,所有的网页标签都在中。

  2. 标签用于定义文档的头部,它是所有头部元素的容器。头部元素有、<script>、 <style>、<link>、 <meta></code>等标签。</p> </li> <li> <p>在<code><body></body></code>标签之间的内容是网页的主要内容,如<code><h1>、<p>、<a>、<img></code>等绝大多数网页内容标签,在这里的标签中的内容会在浏览器中显示出来。</p> </li> </ol> <p>下面这些标签可用在 head 部分:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"><span class="token operator"><</span>head<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>title<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>title<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>meta<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>link<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>style<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>style<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>script<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>head<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p> <br>  <br>  <br>  </p> <h3>注释</h3> <p>代码注释不仅方便程序员自己回忆起以前代码的用途,还可以帮助其他程序员很快的读懂你的程序的功能,方便多人合作开发网页代码。</p> <p>语法:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span>注释文字 <span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p>3,CSS注释代码</p> <p>就像在Html的注释一样,在CSS中也有注释语句:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">用<span class="token comment">/*注释语句*/</span>来标明(Html中使用<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">--</span>注释语句<span class="token operator">--</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre> <p> <br>  <br>  <br>  </p> <h3>html中的特殊字符</h3> <p>html中有些符号不可以直接打出,在此列出最常见的一些符号。</p> <pre><code> 空格   (必须有英文分号) </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3417906dc29b4856962a92f6aa6f2689.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/3417906dc29b4856962a92f6aa6f2689.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第2张图片" width="425" height="194" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><br> <a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/dd192f67e3f84cf0898384b3b213b223.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/dd192f67e3f84cf0898384b3b213b223.jpg" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第3张图片" width="425" height="217" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p> <br>  <br>  <br>  </p> <h3>认识简单标签</h3> <p> <br> <strong>P:段落标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">如果想在网页上显示文章,这时就需要<span class="token operator"><</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>标签了,把文章的段落放到<span class="token operator"><</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>标签中。 <span class="token operator"><</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>段落文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>p<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>Hx:标题标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"><span class="token operator"><</span>hx<span class="token operator">></span>标签来制作文章的标题。 标题标签一共有<span class="token number">6</span>个,h1、h2、h3、h4、h5、h6 分别为一级标题、二级标题、三级标题、四级标题、五级标题、六级标题。 并且依据重要性递减。<span class="token operator"><</span>h1<span class="token operator">></span>是最高的等级。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>hx<span class="token operator">></span>标题文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>hx<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>x为<span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 文章的标题前面已经说过了,可以使用标题标签,另外网页上的各个栏目的标题也可使用它们 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>em , strong :强调标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">如果想在一段话中特别强调某几个文字,这时候就可以用到<span class="token operator"><</span>em<span class="token operator">></span>或<span class="token operator"><</span>strong<span class="token operator">></span>标签。 但两者在强调的语气上有区别<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>em<span class="token operator">></span> 表示强调,<span class="token operator"><</span>strong<span class="token operator">></span> 表示更强烈的强调。 并且在浏览器中 <span class="token operator"><</span>em<span class="token operator">></span> 默认用斜体表示, <span class="token operator"><</span>strong<span class="token operator">></span> 用粗体表示。 两个标签相比,目前国内前端程序员更喜欢使用<span class="token operator"><</span>strong<span class="token operator">></span>表示强调 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>span标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"><span class="token operator"><</span>span<span class="token operator">></span>标签是没有语义的,它的作用就是为了设置单独的样式用的,把一段话圈起来,然后用css设置样式。 <span class="token operator"><</span>span<span class="token operator">></span>文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>span<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>q:短文本引用标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">比如在你的网页的文章里想引用某个作家的一句诗使你的文章更加出彩,那么<span class="token operator"><</span>q<span class="token operator">></span>标签是你所需要的。 <span class="token operator"><</span>q<span class="token operator">></span>引用文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>q<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">1</span>,注意要引用的文本不用加双引号,浏览器会对q标签自动添加双引号。 <span class="token number">2</span>,注意用<span class="token operator"><</span>q<span class="token operator">></span>标签的真正关键点不是它的默认样式双引号(如果这样我们不如自己在键盘上输入双引号就行了) 而是它的语义:引用别人的话 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>blockquote:长文本引用标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"> <span class="token operator"><</span>blockquote<span class="token operator">></span>的作用也是引用别人的文本。但它是对长文本的引用 <span class="token operator"><</span>q<span class="token operator">></span>标签是对简短文本的引用,比如说引用一句话就用到<span class="token operator"><</span>q<span class="token operator">></span>标签。 <span class="token operator"><</span>blockquote<span class="token operator">></span>引用文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>blockquote<span class="token operator">></span> 浏览器对<span class="token operator"><</span>blockquote<span class="token operator">></span>标签的解析是缩进样式 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>br:换行标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"><span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>标签作用相当于word文档中的回车。 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>hr:分割线标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c"><span class="token operator"><</span>hr<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>标签和<span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>标签一样也是一个空标签,所以只有一个开始标签,没有结束标签。 <span class="token operator"><</span>hr<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>标签的在浏览器中的默认样式线条比较粗,颜色为灰色<span class="token punctuation">.</span> 可能有些人觉得这种样式不美观,没有关系,这些外在样式在我们以后学习了css样式表之后,都可以对其修改。 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>address:地址标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">address标签,为网页加入地址信息 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>address<span class="token operator">></span>地址信息<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>address<span class="token operator">></span> 如: <span class="token operator"><</span>address<span class="token operator">></span>北京市西城区德外大街<span class="token number">10</span>号<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>address<span class="token operator">></span> 在浏览器上显示的样式为斜体,如果不喜欢斜体,当然可以<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 可以在后面使用css样式来修改它<span class="token operator"><</span>address<span class="token operator">></span>标签的默认样式 </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>code:代码标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">在介绍语言技术的网站中,必免不了在网页中显示一些计算机专业的编程代码 当代码为一行代码时,你就可以使用<span class="token operator"><</span>code<span class="token operator">></span>标签了,如下面例子: <span class="token operator"><</span>code<span class="token operator">></span>var i<span class="token operator">=</span>i<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>code<span class="token operator">></span> 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>code<span class="token operator">></span>代码语言<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>code<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p> <br> <strong>pre:预格式化标签</strong><br> pre标签里是什么,就显示什么。</p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">注意:在文章中一般如果要插入多行代码时不能使用<span class="token operator"><</span>code<span class="token operator">></span>标签 如果是多行代码,可以使用<span class="token operator"><</span>pre<span class="token operator">></span>标签。 <span class="token operator"><</span>pre<span class="token operator">></span> 标签的主要作用<span class="token punctuation">:</span>预格式化的文本。 被包围在 pre 元素中的文本通常会保留空格和换行符。 如果用以前的方法,回车需要输入<span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">></span>签,空格需要输入<span class="token operator">&</span>nbsp<span class="token punctuation">;</span>。 注意:<span class="token operator"><</span>pre<span class="token operator">></span> 标签不只是为显示计算机的源代码时用的,在你需要在网页中预显示格式时都可以使用它 只是<span class="token operator"><</span>pre<span class="token operator">></span>标签的一个常见应用就是用来展示计算机的源代码。 </code></pre> <p> <br>  <br>  <br>  </p> <h3>认识复杂标签(截图展示效果)</h3> <p> <br> <strong>ul-li:无序列表标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">ul<span class="token operator">-</span>li是没有前后顺序的信息列表。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>ul<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>信息<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>信息<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>ul<span class="token operator">></span> 举例: <span class="token operator"><</span>ul<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>精彩少年<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>美丽突然出现<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>触动心灵的旋律<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>ul<span class="token operator">></span> ul<span class="token operator">-</span>li在网页中显示的默认样式一般为:每项li前都自带一个圆点 </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/765fdc66cff040f18d1223b71f10a09e.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/765fdc66cff040f18d1223b71f10a09e.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第4张图片" width="254" height="111" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><br>  <br> <strong>ol-li:有序列表标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">有序列表 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>ol<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>信息<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>信息<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>ol<span class="token operator">></span> 举例: 下面是一个热点课程下载排行榜: <span class="token operator"><</span>ol<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>前端开发面试心法 <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>零基础学习html<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>JavaScript全攻略<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>li<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>ol<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>ol<span class="token operator">></span>在网页中显示的默认样式一般为:每项<span class="token operator"><</span>li<span class="token operator">></span>前都自带一个序号,序号默认从<span class="token number">1</span>开 </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/619346d5adb04b4cb5e51fd0e2e5b2a6.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/619346d5adb04b4cb5e51fd0e2e5b2a6.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第5张图片" width="336" height="144" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p> <br> <strong>div:容器标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">在网页制作过程过中,可以把一些独立的逻辑部分划分出来 放在一个<span class="token operator"><</span>div<span class="token operator">></span>标签中,这个<span class="token operator"><</span>div<span class="token operator">></span>标签的作用就相当于一个容器。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>div<span class="token operator">></span>…<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>div<span class="token operator">></span> 确定逻辑部分: 什么是逻辑部分? 它是页面上相互关联的一组元素,比如,可通过对<span class="token operator"><</span>div<span class="token operator">></span>进行格式设计从而改动<span class="token operator"><</span>div<span class="token operator">></span>标签内的所有子标签内容。 如下图所示: <span class="token operator"><</span>div style<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"color:red"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>h3<span class="token operator">></span>This is a header<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>h3<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>p<span class="token operator">></span>This is a paragraph<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>p<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>div<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b75c3d050c314fe0a47151bfb03fe8de.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b75c3d050c314fe0a47151bfb03fe8de.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第6张图片" width="240" height="131" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><br>  <br> <strong>a:超链接标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">使用<span class="token operator"><</span>a<span class="token operator">></span>标签,链接到别一个页面 使用<span class="token operator"><</span>a<span class="token operator">></span>标签可实现超链接,它在网页制作中可以说是无处不在,只要有链接的地方,就会有这个标签。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>a href<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"目标网址"</span><span class="token operator">></span>链接显示的文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>a<span class="token operator">></span> 例如: <span class="token operator"><</span>a href <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"https://www.baidu.com/"</span><span class="token operator">></span>click here<span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>a<span class="token operator">></span> 上面例子作用是单击click here<span class="token operator">!</span>文字,网页链接到https<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">/</span>www<span class="token punctuation">.</span>baidu<span class="token punctuation">.</span>com<span class="token operator">/</span>这个网页。 </code></pre> <p>截图效果:<br> <a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/eee48c55aa9c4310a82a9e3f2201d74d.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/eee48c55aa9c4310a82a9e3f2201d74d.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="176" height="77"></a></p> <p> <br> <strong>img:图片标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">认识<span class="token operator"><</span>img<span class="token operator">></span>标签,为网页插入图片 在网页的制作中为使网页炫丽美观,肯定是缺少不了图片,可以使用<span class="token operator"><</span>img<span class="token operator">></span>标签来插入图片。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>img src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"图片地址"</span> alt<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"下载失败时的替换文本"</span> title <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"提示文本"</span><span class="token operator">></span> 举例: <span class="token operator"><</span>img src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"y.png"</span> alt <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"加载图片失败"</span> title <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"Pinker_Q"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> 讲解: <span class="token number">1</span>、src:标识图像的位置; <span class="token number">2</span>、alt:指定图像的描述性文本,当图像不可见时(下载不成功时),可看到该属性指定的文本; <span class="token number">3</span>、title:提供在图像可见时对图像的描述<span class="token punctuation">(</span>鼠标滑过图片时显示的文本<span class="token punctuation">)</span>; <span class="token number">4</span>、图像可以是GIF,PNG,JPEG格式的图像文件。 </code></pre> <p>截图效果(截图时鼠标被隐藏):<br> <a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9676039cdea5453394bd2bff452f672b.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/9676039cdea5453394bd2bff452f672b.jpg" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第7张图片" width="246" height="197" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><br> 加载失败:<br> <a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b17452fc45bb4f56ba4475f4bcfd7832.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/b17452fc45bb4f56ba4475f4bcfd7832.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第8张图片" width="228" height="115" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p> <br> <strong>table:表格标签</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-c">创建表格的五个元素: table、tr、th、td <span class="token number">1</span>、<span class="token operator"><</span>table<span class="token operator">></span>…<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>table<span class="token operator">></span>:整个表格以<span class="token operator"><</span>table<span class="token operator">></span>标记开始、<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>table<span class="token operator">></span>标记结束。 <span class="token number">2</span>、<span class="token operator"><</span>th<span class="token operator">></span>…<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">></span>:表格的头部的一个单元格,表格表头。 <span class="token number">3</span>、<span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span>…<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span>:表格的一行,所以有几对tr 表格就有几行。 <span class="token number">4</span>、<span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>…<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>:表格的一个单元格,一行中包含几对<span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span>,说明一行中就有几列。 <span class="token number">5</span>、表格中列的个数,取决于一行中数据单元格的个数。 举个例子: <span class="token operator"><</span>table border<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"1"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>row <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> cell <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>row <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> cell <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>row <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> cell <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>row <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> cell <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>table<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/11683b2932c34bed9fa4880162831a12.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/11683b2932c34bed9fa4880162831a12.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="282" height="98"></a><br>  <br> 跨越表格:<code>rowspan ,colspan</code></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike"> <span class="token operator"><</span>table border <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"1"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>th<span class="token operator">></span>Column <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>th<span class="token operator">></span>Column <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>th<span class="token operator">></span>Column <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>th<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td rowspan <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"2"</span><span class="token operator">></span>Row <span class="token number">1</span> Cell <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>Row <span class="token number">1</span> Cell <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>Row <span class="token number">1</span> Cell <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>Row <span class="token number">2</span> Cell <span class="token number">2</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td<span class="token operator">></span>Row <span class="token number">2</span> Cell <span class="token number">3</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>td colspan <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"3"</span><span class="token operator">></span>Row <span class="token number">3</span> Cell <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>td<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>tr<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>table<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/bb01955fe2014e7aa119689b377d4395.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/bb01955fe2014e7aa119689b377d4395.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第9张图片" width="393" height="157" style="border:1px solid black;"></a><br>  <br>  <br>  <br>  </p> <h3>form:表单标签</h3> <pre><code class="prism language-clike">表单是可以把浏览者输入的数据传送到服务器端,这样服务器端程序就可以处理表单传过来的数据。 表单元素是允许用户在表单中输入内容 比如:文本域<span class="token punctuation">(</span>textarea<span class="token punctuation">)</span>、下拉列表、单选框<span class="token punctuation">(</span>radio<span class="token operator">-</span>buttons<span class="token punctuation">)</span>、复选框<span class="token punctuation">(</span>checkboxes<span class="token punctuation">)</span>等等。 表单使用表单标签 <span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> 来设置<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>form method<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"传送方式"</span> action<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"服务器文件"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">.</span> input elements <span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> 讲解: <span class="token number">1.</span><span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> :<span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span>标签是成对出现的,以<span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span>开始,以<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span>结束。 <span class="token number">2.</span>action :浏览者输入的数据被提交到的地方<span class="token punctuation">,</span>比如一个PHP页面<span class="token punctuation">(</span>save<span class="token punctuation">.</span>php<span class="token punctuation">)</span>。 <span class="token number">3.</span>method : 数据传送的方式(get<span class="token operator">/</span>post)。 <span class="token number">4.</span>input elements : 表单元素 <span class="token number">5.</span> 表单元素form是不可见的,只是用来指明要使用表单元素。 </code></pre> <p> <br>  <br> <strong>input:输入框</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike"><span class="token operator"><</span>input<span class="token operator">></span>输入框 文本输入框、密码输入框 当用户要在表单中键入字母、数字等内容时,就会用到文本输入框。文本框也可以转化为密码输入框。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"text/password"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"名称"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"文本"</span> <span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">1</span>、type: 当type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"text"</span>时,输入框为文本输入框<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 当type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"password"</span>时<span class="token punctuation">,</span> 输入框为密码输入框。 <span class="token number">2</span>、name:为文本框命名,以备后台程序ASP 、PHP使用。 <span class="token number">3</span>、value:为文本输入框设置默认值。<span class="token punctuation">(</span>一般起到提示作用<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 举个例子: <span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> 用户名<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"text"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"username"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"请输入用户名"</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">></span> 密码<span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"password"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"password"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"请输入密码"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/471f9e7664464e9e8844fdcfdbfc65dc.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/471f9e7664464e9e8844fdcfdbfc65dc.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="281" height="73"></a><br>  <br>  <br> <strong>textarea :文本域</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike">文本域,支持多行文本输入 当用户需要在表单中输入大段文字时,需要用到文本输入域。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>textarea rows<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"行数"</span> cols<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"列数"</span><span class="token operator">></span>文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>textarea<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">1</span>、<span class="token operator"><</span>textarea<span class="token operator">></span>标签是成对出现的,以<span class="token operator"><</span>textarea<span class="token operator">></span>开始,以<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>textarea<span class="token operator">></span>结束。 <span class="token number">2</span>、cols :多行输入域的列数。 <span class="token number">3</span>、rows :多行输入域的行数。 举个例子: <span class="token operator"><</span>textarea rows<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"10"</span> cols<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"40"</span><span class="token operator">></span>文本<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>textarea<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/63290b8a40794fba90f48f4d82f9eab2.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/63290b8a40794fba90f48f4d82f9eab2.jpg" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第10张图片" width="459" height="272" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p> <br>  <br> <strong>radio/checkbox:单选框/复选框</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike">单选框,复选框 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"radio/checkbox"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"值"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"名称"</span> checked<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"checked"</span><span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token number">1</span>、type<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 当type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"radio"</span>时,控件为单选框 当type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"checkbox"</span>时,控件为复选框 <span class="token number">2</span>、value:提交数据到服务器的值(后台程序PHP使用) <span class="token number">3</span>、name:为控件命名,以备后台程序ASP、PHP使用 <span class="token number">4</span>、checked:当设置checked<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"checked"</span>时,该选项被默认选中 注意:同一组的单选按钮,name取值一定要一致,这样同一组的单选按钮才可以起到单选的作用。 举个例子<span class="token punctuation">:</span> 单选框: <span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"radio"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"sex"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"male"</span><span class="token operator">></span>Male<span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"radio"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"sex"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"female"</span><span class="token operator">></span>Female <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/085b788fa7a44359afeff259445639a6.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/085b788fa7a44359afeff259445639a6.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="122" height="63"></a><br> 复选框:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike"><span class="token operator"><</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"checkbox"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"vehicle"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Bike"</span><span class="token operator">></span>I have a bike<span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"checkbox"</span> name<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"vehicle"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Car"</span><span class="token operator">></span>I have a car <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/8a4bc23cc2c44fe1a7cafe548e1caf0f.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/8a4bc23cc2c44fe1a7cafe548e1caf0f.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="182" height="69"></a></p> <p> <br>  <br> <strong>select:下拉列表框</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike">下拉列表框,节省空间 下拉列表在网页中也常会用到,它可以有效的节省网页空间。既可以单选、又可以多选。 语法:<span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"提交值"</span><span class="token operator">></span>选项<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> 提交值是向服务器提交的值,选项是显示的值。 举个例子: <span class="token operator"><</span>form action<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"save.php"</span> method<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"post"</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>label<span class="token operator">></span>爱好<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>label<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>select<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"看书"</span><span class="token operator">></span>看书<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"旅游"</span> selected<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"selected"</span><span class="token operator">></span>旅游<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"运动"</span><span class="token operator">></span>运动<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"购物"</span><span class="token operator">></span>购物<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>select<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/32dc705b08c84aaaa7082778bd71286b.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/32dc705b08c84aaaa7082778bd71286b.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第11张图片" width="171" height="173" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike">使用下拉列表框进行多选 下拉列表也可以进行多选操作,在<span class="token operator"><</span>select<span class="token operator">></span>标签中设置multiple<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"multiple"</span>属性, 就可以实现多选功能,进行多选时按下Ctrl键同时进行单击,可以选择多个选项。 如下代码: <span class="token operator"><</span>form action<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"save.php"</span> method<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"post"</span> <span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>label<span class="token operator">></span>爱好<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>label<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>select multiple<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"multiple"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"看书"</span><span class="token operator">></span>看书<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"旅游"</span><span class="token operator">></span>旅游<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"运动"</span><span class="token operator">></span>运动<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>option value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"购物"</span><span class="token operator">></span>购物<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>option<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>select<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>form<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/083752b589fa4263875aa3437e1c830e.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/083752b589fa4263875aa3437e1c830e.png" alt="web前端基础(一)--HTML知识点总结_第12张图片" width="162" height="117" style="border:1px solid black;"></a></p> <p> <br>  <br> <strong>button:按钮</strong></p> <pre><code class="prism language-clike">在表单中有两种按钮可以使用,分别为:普通按钮、提交按钮、重置按钮。 <span class="token number">1</span>,普通按钮:当用户需要提交表单信息到服务器时,需要用到提交按钮。 语法: <span class="token number">1</span>,<span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"button"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"按钮"</span><span class="token operator">></span> 普通按钮 value:按钮上显示的文字 <span class="token number">2</span>,提交按钮:当用户需要提交表单信息到服务器时,需要用到提交按钮。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"submit"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"提交"</span><span class="token operator">></span> type:只有当type值设置为submit时,按钮才有提交作用 value:按钮上显示的文字 <span class="token number">3</span>,重置按钮,重置表单信息 当用户需要重置表单信息到初始时的状态时: 比如用户输入“用户名”后,发现书写有误,可以使用重置按钮使输入框恢复到初始状态。 只需要把type设置为<span class="token string">"reset"</span>就可以。 语法: <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"reset"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"重置"</span><span class="token operator">></span> type:只有当type值设置为reset时,按钮才有重置作用 value:按钮上显示的文字 举个例子: <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"button"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"按钮"</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"submit"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"提交"</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>input type<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"reset"</span> value<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"重置"</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token operator"><</span>br<span class="token operator">/</span><span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> <p><a href="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a7fcaca1eb514eeaa3b7906ec60da19d.png" target="_blank"><img src="http://img.e-com-net.com/image/info8/a7fcaca1eb514eeaa3b7906ec60da19d.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述" width="89" height="97"></a><br>  <br>  <br>  <br>  </p> <h3>frame:框架标签</h3> <p>框架</p> <p>通过使用框架,你可以在同一个浏览器窗口中显示不止一个页面。每份HTML文档称为一个框架,并且每个框架都独立于其他的框架。</p> <p>使用框架的坏处:</p> <ul> <li> <p>开发人员必须同时跟踪更多的HTML文档</p> </li> <li> <p>很难打印整张页面</p> </li> </ul> <p>框架结构标签<code><frameset></code></p> <ul> <li>框架结构标签(<code><frameset></code>)定义如何将窗口分割为框架</li> <li>每个 frameset 定义了一系列行或列</li> <li>rows/columns 的值规定了每行或每列占据屏幕的面积</li> </ul> <p>在下面的这个例子中,我们设置了一个两列的框架集。第一列被设置为占据浏览器窗口的 25%。第二列被设置为占据浏览器窗口的 75%。HTML 文档 “frame_a.htm” 被置于第一个列中,而 HTML 文档 “frame_b.htm” 被置于第二个列中:</p> <pre><code class="prism language-cpp"><span class="token operator"><</span>frameset cols<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"25%,75%"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>frame src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"frame_a.htm"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span>frame src<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"frame_b.htm"</span><span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>frameset<span class="token operator">></span> </code></pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--PC和WAP自适应版--> <div id="SOHUCS" sid="1298047752311218176"></div> <script 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