OpenResty 最佳实践学习--实战演习笔记(4)

本篇简单记录openresty连接redis数据库和缓存的一些东西,也基本上是官网上的一些例子和知识,作为整理方便自己后续回顾!

openresty连接redis

因为我本地服务器安装了redis,这里只简单记录连接redis的过程!

1.启动redis服务

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/redis-server /root/dufy/redis/redis-3.0.4/redis.conf
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep redis
root      1925     1  0 22:46 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/bin/redis-server *:6379                                 
root      1929  1915  0 22:46 pts/0    00:00:00 grep redis
[root@localhost ~]# 

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/redis-cli -p 6379
127.0.0.1:6379> set hello 123
OK
127.0.0.1:6379> get hello
"123"
127.0.0.1:6379> 

2.openresty中配置连接redis的代码
在 openresty的 /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/ 下面的nginx.conf http-> server中配置,下面的配置在官方文档中:lua-resty-redis Synopsis!

 #测试连接redis
    location /redis {
            content_by_lua_block {
                local redis = require "resty.redis"  #引入redis,相当与java 的import
                local red = redis:new()

                red:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec

                -- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
                -- by a redis server:
                --     local ok, err = red:connect("unix:/path/to/redis.sock")

                local ok, err = red:connect("127.0.0.1", 6379)
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err)
                    return
                end

                ok, err = red:set("dog", "an animal")
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to set dog: ", err)
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("set result: ", ok)

                local res, err = red:get("dog")
                if not res then
                    ngx.say("failed to get dog: ", err)
                    return
                end

                if res == ngx.null then
                    ngx.say("dog not found.")
                    return
                end

                ngx.say("dog: ", res)

                red:init_pipeline()
                red:set("cat", "Marry")
                red:set("horse", "Bob")
                red:get("cat")
                red:get("horse")
                local results, err = red:commit_pipeline()
                if not results then
                    ngx.say("failed to commit the pipelined requests: ", err)
                    return
                end

                for i, res in ipairs(results) do
                    if type(res) == "table" then
                        if res[1] == false then
                            ngx.say("failed to run command ", i, ": ", res[2])
                        else
                            -- process the table value
                        end
                    else
                        -- process the scalar value
                    end
                end

                -- put it into the connection pool of size 100,
                -- with 10 seconds max idle time
                local ok, err = red:set_keepalive(10000, 100)
                if not ok then
                    ngx.say("failed to set keepalive: ", err)
                    return
                end

                -- or just close the connection right away:
                -- local ok, err = red:close()
                -- if not ok then
                --     ngx.say("failed to close: ", err)
                --     return
                -- end
            }
        }

3.测试连接
(1)启动openresty

[root@localhost ~]# sudo /opt/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -p /opt/openresty/nginx/

nginx: [alert] lua_code_cache is off; this will hurt performance in /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:46
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root      1957     1  0 22:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process /opt/openresty/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /opt/openresty/nginx/conf/nginx.conf -p /opt/openresty/nginx/
nobody    1958  1957  0 22:56 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process                                                                           
root      1960  1915  0 22:56 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nginx
[root@localhost ~]# 

(2)测试redis是否ok

[root@localhost ~]# curl http://localhost:8080/redis
set result: OK
dog: an animal
[root@localhost ~]# 

openresty缓存简单介绍

openresty怎么做缓存的?

1.shared_dict 字典缓存

–纯内存,多个Worker之间共享,会有锁的操,保证原子性
–预设 缓存的大小
– API更多一点

(1)修改nginx,conf
lua_shared_dict my_cache 128m;

(2)lua代码中
function get_from_cache(key)
local my_cache = ngx.shared.my_cache
local value = my_cache:get(key)
return value
end

注意:生产环境我们会根据业务功能不的不同,拆分出多个shared_dict!
避免锁的竞争!

2.lua_resty_lrucache

–最近最少使用算法
– 预设 缓存key的个数
– 每个Worker单独占用,减少了锁的竞争,但是增大了内存的占用
–lrucache API 现在特别简单

local lrucache = require "resty.lrucache"
local c = lrucahce.new(200) --allow up to 200 items in the cache

if not c then 
    return error("failed to create the cahce : " .. (err or "unknownb"))
end

c:set("dog",32)
ngx.say("dog :" , c:get("dog"))

3.高性能的缓存服务器,考虑
–缓存 失效风暴(缓存雪崩)
local value = get_from_cache(key)
if not value then
value = query_db(sql)
set_to_cache(value,timeout = 100)
end
return value

lua-resty-lock 官方文档 有详细的介绍!

例子:不用缓存和使用缓存的对比

nginx.conf
(1)

#---
    # lua_code_cache : 默认on 打开,使用缓存,测试时候可以关闭 ,设置off; 压力测试的时候打开,要不很影响性能
    #---
    lua_code_cache on;

(2)

 #测试openresty的缓存
    location /get_value{
        content_by_lua_file learn_lua/cache/get_value.lua;
    }

(3)新建get_value.lua /learn_lua/cache/get_value.lua

local redis = require "resty.redis"
local red = redis:new()

red:set_timeout(1000) -- 1 sec

-- or connect to a unix domain socket file listened
-- by a redis server:
--     local ok, err = red:connect("unix:/path/to/redis.sock")

local ok, err = red:connect("127.0.0.1", 6379)
if not ok then
    ngx.say("failed to connect: ", err)
    return
end

function set_to_cache(key,value,exptime)
    if not exptime then
            exptime = 0
    end
    local cache_ngx = ngx.shared.caceh_ngx
    local succ,err,forcible = cache_ngx:set(key,value,exptime)
    return succ
end

function get_from_cache( key )
    local cache_ngx = ngx.shard.cache_ngx
    local value = cache_ngx:get(key)

    if not value then
        value = get_from_redis(key)
        set_to_cache(key,value)
    end
    return value
end

function get_from_redis( key )
    local res,err = red:get(key)
    if res then 
            return 'yes'
    else
            return 'no'
    end
end

local res = get_from_redis('dog')
ngx.say(res)

(4)压力测试!
使用 get_from_redis 结果:

ab -n 100000 -c 100 http://127.0.0.1:8080/get_value

使用 get_from_cache,使用前需要在nginx.conf 的http中配置

 #openresty的缓存设置
  lua_shared_dict cache_ngx 128m;

重启openresty !



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