一. 文件和目录类
- File exist 文件已经存在
- No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)
- command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
- invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)
- overwrite 覆盖
- remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
- is a directory xxx是一个目录
- descend into directory 是否进入目录
- Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
- Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件
- No write since last change
- xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示
- xxx not a directory 不是一个目录
- 查看压缩包的时候报错
- You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
- permission denied
- Warning: Changing a readonly file
- 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)
二. 网络连接类
- 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败
- yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机
- yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)
- 没有找到叫treea的软件包
- Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网)
三. 修改系统基础配置类
- 重启网卡报错 device not present
- 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
- hostname命令修改主机名(临时 重启服务器之后失效)
- 命令行中的主机名部分没有改变?
四. 用户相关错误
- user 'oldboy' already exists
- no such user
- Only root can do that.
- Only root can specify a user name.
- Creating mailbox file: File exists
- warning: the home directory already exists.
五.磁盘相关错误
*mounted filesystem磁盘分区已经挂载
*appears to contain an existing filesystem 已经存在的文件系统
*force overwrite 强制修改
*unknown filesystem type 文件系统未格式化
Argument list too long 列表过长
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在
没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy
-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory
mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错
-p解决
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory
touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错
解决:先创建目录,再创建文件
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/
oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory
排错思路:
1.ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?
2.目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/
find命令与|xargs ll 错误
|xargs后面不支持别名
[root@kangxu ~]# find /oldboy -name "*.txt" -type f |xargs ll
xargs: ll: No such file or directory
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy
-bash: mkdiy: command not found
1.书写错误
2.没有安装
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt
touch: invalid option -- 'p'
Try 'touch --help' for more information.
cp复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?
rm默认无法删除目录
解决:加上-r 或-rf
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/
rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory
vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错
"/oldboy"
E502: "/oldboy" is a directory
Press ENTER or type command to continue
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/
rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n
rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n
注意参数位置
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 /
tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.
vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing
Press ENTER or type command to continue
如果你对这个文件没有权限 也会提示
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!
这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w
w: 39 column window is too narrow
背景:创建文件的时候多了一个空格
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy /oldboy.txt #此处要创建/oldboy/oldboy.txt 多个个空格 创建了2个文件 /oldboy和/oldboy.txt
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy/ #系统认为oldboy是个目录 所以报错
ls: cannot access /oldboy/: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 9 15:23 /oldboy
注意是否有特殊中文符号导致的。
[root@oldboy59 tmp]# tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
tar (child): \200\202\200\202\200\202\200\202/tmp/etc.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
你在这个文件/var/spool/mail/root 中有一个新邮件
权限拒绝
使用vim的时候显示的
表示:正在修改只读文件
解决:1.查看对文件是否有rw权限
2.如果是root用户可以修改后强制保存退出(:wq!)
在使用md5sum -c (检查的时候)
md5指纹信息文件中,格式不对
第1列是md5 信息 第2列文件名
解决:查看MD5文件内容是否正确
检查的命令是否正确 md5sum -c oldboy.md5
md5sum: /oldboy/mtime/access_2019-04-01.txt: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found
通过vi/vim 编辑文件保存的时候(:wq) 提示
这个文件只读,:wq! 强制保存退出
使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确
[c:\~]$
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
使用telnet测试端口是否打开
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口没有开启
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
端口开启
[c:\~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...
Connection established. #端口开启
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4
Protocol mismatch.
Connection closed by foreign host.
Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.
Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:\~]$
Could not resolve host无法解析主机
主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 -
"Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
有两种情况:
情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:
Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包
[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
No package treea available.
#没有找到叫treea的软件包
Error: Nothing to do
情况3:你需要安装软件包而不是软件包里面的命令
通过yum provides 查看命令属于哪个软件包
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:02
(2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:04
No package locate available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum provides locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:03
extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 236 kB 00:00:00
updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.7 MB 00:00:01
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/locate\
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y mlocate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
=========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================
Installing:
mlocate x86_64 0.26-8.el7 base 113 k
Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 113 k
Installed size: 379 k
Downloading packages:
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 113 kB 00:00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1
Installed:
mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7
Complete!
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rpm -qa mlocate
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64
原因1:DNS配置错误
原因2:Linux无法上网原因 https://www.jianshu.com/p/0bc0b596c1a0
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com
ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
域名无法识别(无法将域名---->ip地址)
[root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network
Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
查看详细错误原因
·journalctl -xe·
Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho:
ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.
Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]:
Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
oldboyedu59
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
vim /etc/hostname
oldboyedu59-lnb
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
oldboyedu59-lnb
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
oldboyedu59-lnb
解决:重新登录下即可(断开连接,重新连接)
[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#
引号不成对
tail -2 /etc/profile
alias net="cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
export PS1="[\[\e[34;1m\]\u@\[\e[0m\]\[\e[32;1m\]\H\[\e[0m\] \[\e[31;1m\]\w\[\e[0m\]]\\$ "
[root@ssdz ~]# source /etc/profile
-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
-bash: /etc/profile: line 79: syntax error: unexpected end of file
-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
/etc/profile 第78行 出乎意料的结尾 正在找 '"' 这个双引号的另一半
用户已经存在
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd oldboy
useradd: user 'oldboy' already exists
没有这个用户
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id lidao
id: lidao: no such user
只有root用户可以使用 非交互式设置密码方式
[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
Only root can do that.
只有root用户 运行passwd的时候 后面能加上用户名
普通用户默认只能运行passwd 不能加用户名 修改自己的密码
[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ passwd oldboy
passwd: Only root can specify a user name.
添加用户的时候提示:
Creating mailbox file: File exists 正在创建这个用户的邮箱:邮箱已经存在
warning: the home directory already exists. 这个用户的家目录已经存在
删除用户的时候,默认不删除家目录和邮箱.
再次添加就会提示家目录存在和邮箱存在
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id stu01
uid=1005(stu01) gid=1006(stu01) groups=1006(stu01)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# userdel stu01
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd stu01
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
创建文件系统时提示:
这个磁盘分区中已经存在了一个文件系统(已经格式化过了)
你可以使用参数-f强制格式化。
挂载文件系统时提示:
这个磁盘分区未格式化
使用mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1命令去格式化即可。
格式化磁盘分区时提示:
sdb1 中已经包含一个已经挂载了的文件系统(文件系统已经挂载)
既然已经挂载了如果卸载使用命令umount
创建文件系统时提示
磁盘分区太小了 无法格式化
磁盘分区的时候给的太小了。把旧的删了重新进行分区。
挂载文件系统时提示
文件系统已经挂载或/mnt正在使用
卸载使用mount
意思是列表过长
[root@gebangfeng ~]# touch test/{1..400000}
-bash: /bin/touch: Argument list too long
解决
[root@gebangfeng ~]# echo test/{1..400000}|xargs touch
[root@gebangfeng ~]# ls test/ |wc -l
400000
```