【smokeping】网络性能监控，机房网络评估

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介绍

选择机房时，需要知道机房的网络请况，就需要用到网络监控软件smokeping。

smokeping由Perl语言写成，底层依赖于rrdtool和fping。

主要是监视网络性能，包括常规的ping，用echoping监控www服务器性能，监控dns查询性能和监控ssh性能等。底层时以rrdtool做支持，使用画图来表示网络丢包和延迟。

从监控图上的延时与丢包能分辨出你机房的网络是否稳定，是否为多线，是否为BGP机房，到各城市的3个运营商之间的网络，各是什么情况，如果出现问题，如何有针对性的解决。而且如果选择新机房的时候，可以根据smokeping的监控结果来判断这个机房是否适合。

组成部分

smokeping整个系统正常运行需要：web服务器软件、smokeping主服务、探针，rrdtool。

web服务器软件

smokeping拥有直观高效且漂亮的webUI，因此需要借助第三方web服务，默认使用的是apache服务，同时需要启用cgi模块。

smokeping主服务

smokeping主服务即smokeping工作进程，负责在后台（也可以前台）执行监测任务。

探针

smokeping实际使用的监测工具即探针。默认探针是fping，常用探针例如：

• fping 默认探针，使用icmp协议，可并发检测目标RTT(Round-Trip Time)数值
• echoping echo服务检测，使用tcp/udp协议，默认端口号7
• tcpping tcp端口检测，使用tcp协议监测端口连通性和时延

更多关于探针的介绍可以参阅官方文档。

rrdtool

rrdtool(Round Robin Database Tool)即轮询调度数据库工具，使用C语言写成，是一种强大的绘图引擎，兼有时序数据库和绘图两种功能。rrdtool被许多监控平台所使用，如smokeping、cacti、open-falcon等。

安装配置smokeping

访问 https://oss.oetiker.ch/smokeping/doc/smokeping_install.en.html 可以看到安装步骤。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)
[root@localhost ~]# uname -r
3.10.0-1062.4.1.el7.x86_64

smokeping需要依赖系统上的其他工具和服务，除了Unix操作Perl组件。

环境依赖包安装

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install wget vim curl
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ popt-devel

RRDtool 1.2.x or later

Smokeping使用RRDtool进行记录和绘图。如果linux提供了一个带有perl支持的rrdtool包，那么可以使用它。如果没有或安装新版

[root@localhost ~]# yum install rrdtool perl-rrdtool openssl-devel -y

FPing (可选)

smokeping 2.7.2 以上需要 fping4.0 以上，因此需要手动编译。可以访问 http://www.fping.org/ 下载

[root@localhost ~]# wget http://www.fping.org/dist/fping-4.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xzf fping-4.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd fping-4.2
[root@localhost fping-4.2]# ./configure
[root@localhost fping-4.2]# make && make install

EchoPing (可选)

需要它来运行echoping探测，做tcp ping，访问 https://github.com/bortzmeyer/echoping/ 进行查看。 http://bortzmeyer.github.io/echoping/ 官方说明，不在积极维护了。

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://fossies.org/linux/misc/old/echoping-6.0.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf echoping-6.0.2.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd echoping-6.0.2
[root@localhost echoping-6.0.2]# yum install -y popt-devel
[root@localhost echoping-6.0.2]# ./configure  # 如果报错使用下面的配置
[root@localhost echoping-6.0.2]# ./configure --with-ssl --without-libidn
[root@localhost echoping-6.0.2]# make && make install

Webserver

http://httpd.apache.org/

重要的是，要有一个web服务器，它允许运行CGI，最好是FastCGI脚本。如果使用的是Apache，强烈建议使用suexec系统作为特定用户运行CGI脚本。

有关更多信息，请查看 http://httpd.apache.org/mod_fcgid/mod/mod_fcgid.html 和 http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_suexec.html 。

注意smokeping是fcgi程序，因此apache 需要安装mod_fcgid， http的版本是 2.4.6

[root@localhost ~]# yum install httpd httpd-devel -y
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_fcgid -y
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd

# 查看Apache默认监听端口
[root@localhost ~]# cat  /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | grep Listen | grep -v "#"
Listen 80

# 查看端口及服务
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -antp | grep httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      8572/httpd          

# 但是外部是不同的，需要开启CentOS的防火墙fireall-cmd
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp
success
# 操作完成后重载
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
success

这时候访问该主机的IP http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/ 即可以看到Apache的页面。

Perl 5.10.1 or later

[root@localhost ~]# yum install perl-core -y

开始安装smokeping

安装的版本为 smokeping-2.7.3 ，为2019年11月16日最新

[root@localhost ~]# wget https://oss.oetiker.ch/smokeping/pub/smokeping-2.7.3.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# tar xzf smokeping-2.7.3.tar.gz
[root@localhost ~]# cd smokeping-2.7.3
[root@localhost smokeping-2.7.3]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/smokeping


** Ready to install Smokeping ******************************

   Settings:

     PERL5LIB = not set
     PERL = /usr/bin/perl

   The Smokeping Makefiles use GNU make functionality.
   Continue installation with

     /usr/bin/gmake install

出现上面的错误，表示没有指定PERL5LIB，下面将加上

[root@localhost smokeping-2.7.3]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/smokeping PERL5LIB=/usr/lib64/perl5/

** Ready to install Smokeping ******************************

   Settings:

     PERL5LIB = /usr/lib64/perl5/
     PERL = /usr/bin/perl

   The Smokeping Makefiles use GNU make functionality.
   Continue installation with

     /usr/bin/gmake install


[root@localhost smokeping-2.7.3]# /usr/bin/gmake install

Making install in thirdparty
gmake[1]: 进入目录“/root/smokeping-2.7.3/thirdparty”
  GEN      touch
Successfully installed FCGI-0.78
Successfully installed HTML-Tagset-3.20
Successfully installed HTML-Parser-3.72
Successfully installed CGI-4.40 (upgraded from 3.59)
Successfully installed CGI-Fast-2.13 (upgraded from 1.09)
Successfully installed Config-Grammar-1.12
Successfully installed Socket6-0.29
Successfully installed Net-SSLeay-1.85
Successfully installed Mozilla-CA-20180117
Successfully installed IO-Socket-SSL-2.060
Successfully installed Digest-HMAC-1.03
Successfully installed Net-Telnet-3.04
Successfully installed Net-OpenSSH-0.78
Successfully installed Net-SNMP-v6.0.1
Successfully installed Convert-ASN1-0.27
Successfully installed perl-ldap-0.65
Successfully installed IO-Socket-IP-0.39
Successfully installed Net-DNS-1.19
Successfully installed IO-Tty-1.12
Successfully installed URI-1.74
Successfully installed LWP-MediaTypes-6.02
Successfully installed Encode-Locale-1.05
Successfully installed IO-HTML-1.001
Successfully installed HTTP-Date-6.02
Successfully installed HTTP-Message-6.18
Successfully installed File-Listing-6.04
Successfully installed HTTP-Negotiate-6.01
Successfully installed HTTP-Daemon-6.01
Successfully installed Try-Tiny-0.30
Successfully installed Net-HTTP-6.18
Successfully installed HTTP-Cookies-6.04
Successfully installed WWW-RobotRules-6.02
Successfully installed libwww-perl-6.36
Successfully installed ExtUtils-MakeMaker-7.34 (upgraded from 6.63_02)
Successfully installed Net-IP-1.26
Successfully installed Data-HexDump-0.02
Successfully installed Authen-Radius-0.29
Successfully installed Path-Tiny-0.108
38 distributions installed
# 安装成功

初始化smokeping

创建文件夹

需要建立三个文件夹，data用来存放 rrd 文件，var用来存放 smokeping 的 pid，/var/log用来存放 smokeping.log

[root@localhost ~]# cd /opt/smokeping

# 从示例文件中，可以看到需要创建下面即可目录
[root@localhost smokeping]# cat etc/config.dist | grep '/opt/smokeping'
imgcache = /opt/smokeping/cache
datadir  = /opt/smokeping/data
piddir  = /opt/smokeping/var
smokemail = /opt/smokeping/etc/smokemail.dist
tmail = /opt/smokeping/etc/tmail.dist
template = /opt/smokeping/etc/basepage.html.dist
secrets=/opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets.dist

# 创建需要的目录
[root@localhost smokeping]# mkdir data cache var
[root@localhost smokeping]# chown apache:apache cache data var
[root@localhost smokeping]# chmod 777 data cache var

# 创建日志文件
[root@localhost smokeping]# touch /var/log/smokeping.log
[root@localhost smokeping]# chown apache:apache /var/log/smokeping.log

复制配置文件

[root@localhost smokeping]# pwd
/opt/smokeping
# 查看有哪些文件
[root@localhost smokeping]# ls
bin  cache  data  etc  htdocs  lib  log  share
[root@localhost smokeping]# ls etc/
basepage.html.dist  config.dist  examples  smokemail.dist  smokeping_secrets.dist  tmail.dist
[root@localhost smokeping]# ls htdocs/
css  js  smokeping.fcgi.dist

# 创建smokeping的配置文件
[root@localhost smokeping]# cp etc/config.dist etc/config

# 创建smokeping 页面启动文件
[root@localhost smokeping]# cp htdocs/smokeping.fcgi.dist htdocs/smokeping.fcgi
# 里面的内容如下，通过smokeping_cgi脚本配合config配置文件启动
[root@localhost smokeping]# cat htdocs/smokeping.fcgi
#!/bin/sh
exec /opt/smokeping/bin/smokeping_cgi /opt/smokeping/etc/config

# basepage.html 是webUI的模板页面，修改此文件可以对页面默认的颜色以及其他样式做定制
[root@localhost smokeping]# cp etc/basepage.html.dist etc/basepage.html

# 用于设定主从验证
[root@localhost smokeping]# cp etc/smokeping_secrets.dist etc/smokeping_secrets

修改配置文件

[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#cgiurl   = http://some.url/smokeping.cgi#cgiurl   = http://192.168.99.101/smokeping.cgi#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 图片url可以不做修改【不建议修改】
[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#imgurl   = cache#imgurl   = http://192.168.99.101/cache#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 默认检测时间300秒修改60秒
[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#step     = 300#step     = 60#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 默认ping20次，修改为60秒ping60次
[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#pings    = 20#pings    = 60#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 修改详情图detail显示高度，默认为200（第二处height）
[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#height = 200#height = 600#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 修改概览图overview显示高度，默认为50（第一处height）
[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#height = 50#height = 200#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 修改默认模板页面
[root@localhost smokeping]#  sed -i 's#template = /opt/smokeping/etc/basepage.html.dist#template = /opt/smokeping/etc/basepage.html#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 修改主从默认密码验证
[root@localhost smokeping]#  sed -i 's#secrets=/opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets.dist#secrets=/opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 修改fping默认位置，先找到fping位置：whereis fping | awk '{print $2}'，进行一键替换
[root@localhost smokeping]# sed -i 's#binary = /usr/sbin/fping#binary = '`whereis fping | awk '{print $2}'`'#g' /opt/smokeping/etc/config

# 查看config中自己修改后的内容
[root@localhost smokeping]# egrep "cgiurl|imgurl|step|pings|height|template|secrets|binary" etc/config
imgurl   = cache
# imgurl = http://192.168.99.101/cache
cgiurl   = http://192.168.99.101/smokeping.cgi
step     = 60
pings    = 60
# consfn mrhb steps total
template = /opt/smokeping/etc/basepage.html
height = 200
height = 600
binary = /usr/local/sbin/fping
secrets=/opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets

绘图支持显示中文

# 图片浏览器支持中文显示，防止中文乱码
# 中文支持修改第1处，安装字体
[root@localhost smokeping]# yum -y install wqy-zenhei-fonts.noarch
# 中文支持修改第2处，在presentation添加utf-8中文字符集，解决图乱码问题
[root@localhost smokeping]# vim /opt/smokeping/etc/config
# 省略
*** Presentation ***
# 添加这一行
charset = utf-8
# 省略

# 中文支持修改第3处，【实际测试可以不用加】
[root@localhost smokeping]# vim /opt/smokeping/lib/Smokeping/Graphs.pm

# 大概在150行左右
    if ($mode =~ /[anc]/){
        my $val = 0;
        for my $host (@hosts){
            my ($graphret,$xs,$ys) = RRDs::graph
            ("dummy",
            '--start', $tasks[0][1],
            '--end', $tasks[0][2],
            # 添加下面这行
            '--font TITLE:20:"WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono"',
            "DEF:maxping=$cfg->{General}{datadir}${host}.rrd:median:AVERAGE",
            'PRINT:maxping:MAX:%le' );
            my $ERROR = RRDs::error();
            return "
RRDtool did not understand your input: $ERROR.
" if $ERROR;
            $val = $graphret->[0] if $val < $graphret->[0];
        }
        $val = 1e-6 if $val =~ /nan/i;
        $max = { $tasks[0][1] => $val * 1.5 };
    }

权限验证

# 设置网页的登录用户名为smokeping，密码是自己输入的为smokeping
[root@localhost smokeping]# htpasswd -c /opt/smokeping/htdocs/htpasswd smokeping
New password: smokeping
Re-type new password: smokeping
Adding password for user smokeping

# 可以看到用户名和加密后的密码记录到该文件中了
[root@localhost smokeping]# cat /opt/smokeping/htdocs/htpasswd
smokeping:$apr1$cAduSlT.$NFgAIEKdenqs99YVNmq3e1

# 修改密码权限为root只读
[root@localhost smokeping]# chmod 600 /opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets
[root@localhost smokeping]# cat /opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets
host1:mysercert
host2:yoursercert
boomer:lkasdf93uhhfdfddf

手动启动smokeping

接下来进行手动启动

[root@localhost smokeping]# bin/smokeping --logfile=/var/log/smokeping.log
ERROR: /opt/smokeping/bin/../etc/config, line 112: ERROR: FPing 'binary' does not point to an executable
# 启动失败，因为之前安装fping的路径是不一样的，需要进行修改，【如果前面已经修改过，则不用修改了】
[root@localhost smokeping]# whereis fping
fping: /usr/local/sbin/fping
[root@localhost smokeping]# vim etc/config
# 找到112行修改
# binary = /usr/sbin/fping
binary = /usr/local/sbin/fping

# 接下来启动
[root@localhost smokeping]# bin/smokeping --logfile=/var/log/smokeping.log
Note: logging to syslog as local0/info.
Daemonizing bin/smokeping ...

# 可以在日志里看到启动成功
[root@localhost smokeping]# cat /var/log/smokeping.log
Sat Nov 16 21:23:13 2019 - Smokeping version 2.007003 successfully launched.
Sat Nov 16 21:23:13 2019 - Not entering multiprocess mode for just a single probe.
Sat Nov 16 21:23:13 2019 - FPing: probing 1 targets with step 60 s and offset 20 s.

# 如果要停止smokeping进程
[root@localhost smokeping]# ps -aux | grep smoke | grep -v grep
root      34464  0.0  2.8 307688 28404 ?        Ss   21:23   0:00 bin/smokeping [FPing]
[root@localhost smokeping]# ps -aux | grep smoke | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'
34464
# 然后使用kill -9 进程号 即可

写入smokeping自启动文件

[root@localhost smokeping]# vim /etc/systemd/system/smokeping.service

[Unit]
Description=Smokeping Network performance monitoring
After=syslog.target network.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/smokeping/bin/smokeping --logfile=/var/log/smokeping.log
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
StandardError=syslog
Type=forking
PIDFile=/opt/smokeping/var/smokeping.pid

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

# 设置完之后重启daemon
[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl daemon-reload

# 结束之前用命令启动的smokeping，然后用systemctl去启动
[root@localhost smokeping]# kill -9 `ps -aux | grep smoke | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'`
[root@localhost smokeping]# ps -aux | grep smoke | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}'

# 启动smokeping并查看状态
[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl start smokeping
[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl status smokeping
● smokeping.service - Smokeping Network performance monitoring
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/smokeping.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 六 2019-11-16 21:39:44 CST; 4s ago
  Process: 34597 ExecStart=/opt/smokeping/bin/smokeping --logfile=/var/log/smokeping.log (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 34601 (/opt/smokeping/)
   CGroup: /system.slice/smokeping.service
           └─34601 /opt/smokeping/bin/smokeping [FPing]

# 同时查看 [root@localhost smokeping]# tail -f /var/log/smokeping.log 日志也会有相应的变化

# 创建开机自启
[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl enable smokeping
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/smokeping.service to /etc/systemd/system/smokeping.service.

修改Apache配置文件

[root@localhost smokeping]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf


# 在下面一行之后添加以下内容
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"

Alias /cache "/opt/smokeping/cache/"
# Alias /cropper "/opt/smokeping/htdocs/cropper/"
Alias /css "/opt/smokeping/htdocs/css/"
Alias /js "/opt/smokeping/htdocs/js/"
Alias /smokeping "/opt/smokeping/htdocs/smokeping.fcgi"

<Directory "/opt/smokeping">
    AllowOverride None
    Options All
    AddHandler cgi-script .fcgi .cgi
    Order allow,deny
    Allow from all
    # 密码认证
    AuthName "Smokeping"
    AuthType Basic
    AuthUserFile /opt/smokeping/htdocs/htpasswd
    Require valid-user
    DirectoryIndex smokeping.fcgi
</Directory>

# 设置完成后重启Apache服务
[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl restart httpd

浏览器访问 http://192.168.99.101/smokeping 就需要输入刚才设置的帐密，也就是smokeping:smokeping

配置监控目标

修改配置文件，在后面注释掉Test段落，添加自己的节点

[root@localhost smokeping]# vim /opt/smokeping/etc/config

# 省略
*** Targets ***

probe = FPing

menu = Top
title = Network Latency Grapher
remark = Welcome to the SmokePing website of xxx Company. \
         Here you will learn all about the latency of our network.

#+ Test
#menu= Targets
##parents = owner:/Test/James location:/

#++ James

#menu = James
#title =James
#alerts = someloss
#slaves = boomer slave2
#host = james.address

#++ MultiHost

#menu = Multihost
#title = James and James as seen from Boomer
#host = /Test/James /Test/James~boomer

# 添加监测源的IP库，加入到config中，修改后重启smokeping才会生效
# 添加监控节点示例：注意+是第一层，++是第二层，+++ 是第三层

# 注释掉上面的，添加下面的监控节点
+ NetMonitor
menu = 三大网络监控
title = 监控统计

++ dianxin
menu = 电信网络监控
title = 电信网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor/dianxin/dianxin-bj  /NetMonitor/dianxin/dianxin-sc

+++ dianxin-bj
menu = 北京电信
title = 北京电信
alerts = someloss
host = 202.96.199.133

+++ dianxin-sc
menu = 四川电信
title = 四川电信
alerts = someloss
host = 61.139.2.69

++ liantong
menu = 联通网络监控
title = 联通网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor/liantong/liantong-bj /NetMonitor/liantong/liantong-gz

+++ liantong-bj
menu = 北京联通
title = 北京联通
alerts = someloss
host = 61.135.169.121

+++ liantong-gz
menu = 广东联通
title = 广东联通
alerts = someloss
host = 221.5.88.88

++ yidong
menu = 移动网络监控
title = 移动网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor/yidong/yidong-sc /NetMonitor/yidong/yidong-gz

+++ yidong-sc
menu = 四川移动
title = 四川移动
alerts = someloss
host = 218.201.4.3

+++ yidong-gz
menu = 广东移动
title = 广东移动
alerts = someloss
host = 211.136.192.6

注意，在host中需要指定每一组节点信息例如host = /第一层/第二层/第三层，否则，浏览器访问指定该名称时会报错。添加监控节点后需要重启smokeping服务

[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl restart smokeping

但是报错啊，不过日志中这个WARNING不影响smokeping的正常运行。

[root@localhost ~]# tail -f /var/log/smokeping.log 

Sat Nov 16 22:50:36 2019 - FPing: WARNING: smokeping took 60.1801409721375 seconds to complete 1 round of polling. It should complete polling in 60 seconds. You may have unresponsive devices in your setup.

关闭Selinux

主要是页面上访问会提示创建目录失败，也就是无权限

Software error:
ERROR: creating  /opt/smokeping/cache/NetMonitor: No such file or directory

解决办法是关闭Selinux

# 临时关闭
[root@localhost smokeping]# getenforce
Enforcing
[root@localhost smokeping]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost smokeping]# getenforce
Permissive
# 如果需要永久关闭 vim /etc/sysconfig/selinux ，SELINUX=enforcing 改为 SELINUX=disabled 然后重启

蜜汁问题，smokeping终于正常创建目录了，绘图也正常了

绿色线绘出的是中间值(median)的位置，一个周期内探测返回的其它值都在中间值附近被以灰度的形式显示,灰度的范围越小说明此周期内抖动较小，灰度的颜色也有深浅，颜色越深，说明RTT值在此范围相对集中，灰色区域如烟雾般笼罩在中间值附近，很契合smokeping的名称。

smokeping配置文件解释

基础配置信息

可以更改所有者(owner)、联系方式(contact)、邮件服务器(mailhost)、主站cgi地址(cgiurl,此选项对主从架构很重要)、syslog消息类型(syslogfacility)。同时，通过@include字段引用了同目录下的pathnames。

*** General ***

owner    = Peter Random
contact  = [email protected]
mailhost = my.mail.host
sendmail = /usr/sbin/sendmail
# NOTE: do not put the Image Cache below cgi-bin
# since all files under cgi-bin will be executed ... this is not
# good for images.
imgcache = /opt/smokeping/cache
imgurl   = cache
# imgurl = http://192.168.99.101/cache
datadir  = /opt/smokeping/data
piddir  = /opt/smokeping/var
cgiurl   = http://192.168.99.101/smokeping.cgi
smokemail = /opt/smokeping/etc/smokemail.dist
tmail = /opt/smokeping/etc/tmail.dist
# specify this to get syslog logging
syslogfacility = local0
# each probe is now run in its own process
# disable this to revert to the old behaviour
# concurrentprobes = no

报警规则

缺省条件下，采用sendmail邮件报警的方式，to 即接收方，from 即发送方。someloss是预定义的一个默认检测器，检测器不仅仅是一个阈值，它可以定义一组RTT从旧到新的变化过程，pattern 的值以一个运算符开始，按照从旧到新的状态变化，示例中，>0% 表示有丢包，*12* 表示在该组中最大忽略匹配12个数值，因此这段定义的意义是：匹配一组数据是否满足丢包次数大于等于3次。

*** Alerts ***
to = [email protected]
from = [email protected]

+someloss
type = loss
# in percent
pattern = >0%,*12*,>0%,*12*,>0%
comment = loss 3 times  in a row

数据库

描述rrd数据库的属性。

更改数据库配置文件无法对现有的rrd起作用，更改数据库配置文件后，需要清理现有的rrd缓存以使程序正常工作，默认rrd目录为：/opt/smokeping/data/，也就是自己配置的data目录。step 表示基本操作间隔，即smokeping探测目标主机的间隔，默认300秒，pings表示在一次探测动作中，发出探测包的数量，step 和 pings 的值均可以被后续的探针设置所覆盖。此配置也包含数据库归档合并的规则，共4列：合并方法、允许未知数值比例、步进，存储总行数。每一行表示一条RRA(循环归档)存储规则，预定义了多条AVERAGE、MIN，MAX规则。以AVERAGE为例，第一条AVERAGE，步进1，行数1008，按照缺省step=300的条件下，表示5分钟一条，最大1008条，共存储3.5天数据，这是以此精度绘图的最大时间范围，如果超出范围，将会继续匹配合适的RRA，比如第二条AVERAGE，存储的时间范围是180天，但是精度是1小时。

*** Database ***

step     = 60
pings    = 60

# consfn mrhb steps total

AVERAGE  0.5   1  1008
AVERAGE  0.5  12  4360
    MIN  0.5  12  4360
    MAX  0.5  12  4360
AVERAGE  0.5 144   760
    MAX  0.5 144   760
    MIN  0.5 144   760

定义显示规则

template 即webUI使用的网页模板，默认指向/opt/smokeping/etc/basepage.html，模板中包含各种表单关键字。charset 即文档编码，默认使用UTF-8

*** Presentation ***

charset = utf-8
template = /opt/smokeping/etc/basepage.html
htmltitle = yes
graphborders = no

+ charts

menu = Charts
title = The most interesting destinations

++ stddev
sorter = StdDev(entries=>4)
title = Top Standard Deviation
menu = Std Deviation
format = Standard Deviation %f

++ max
sorter = Max(entries=>5)
title = Top Max Roundtrip Time
menu = by Max
format = Max Roundtrip Time %f seconds

++ loss
sorter = Loss(entries=>5)
title = Top Packet Loss
menu = Loss
format = Packets Lost %f

++ median
sorter = Median(entries=>5)
title = Top Median Roundtrip Time
menu = by Median
format = Median RTT %f seconds

# smokeping支持报表功能，允许以特定的标准对图形目标排序显示。menu 表示菜单名称，title表示显示标题。
# 在子配置项中，可以看到sorter选项，通过此选项可以制定排序器，针对RTT的统计，
# 内置了：标准差 StdDev(arg1=>val1,arg2=>val2)，最大 Max(arg1=>val1,arg2=>val2),丢包率 Loss(arg1=>val1,arg2=>val2)等排序方法。
# format选项表示图例输出格式，此格式参考fprint字符串格式。

+ overview 

width = 600
height = 200
range = 10h

# overview 部分，定义了概述图的外观，宽 width，高 height，
# 时间跨度 range，range的格式可以是s(seconds), m(minutes), h(hours), d(days), w(weeks), y(years)。

+ detail

width = 600
height = 600
unison_tolerance = 2

# detail部分定义了详细图的外观，宽 width，高 height，unison_tolerance 规定了统一缩放的因子，
# 此值必须参照每轮探测RTT结果的max中间值即median max，实际是为了保证图形缩放时的可读性，默认值为2，
# 表示任何最大值小于中间值“max”一半或两倍以上的图都将从统一缩放中删除。

"Last 3 Hours"    3h
"Last 30 Hours"   30h
"Last 10 Days"    10d
"Last 400 Days"   400d

# detail 也包含可定义图形时间尺度的部分，包含两列：图形时间尺度的描述和时间跨度值，此值的格式与overview部分的range格式一致。

#+ hierarchies
#++ owner
#title = Host Owner
#++ location
#title = Location

配置探针模块

smokeping支持很多探针模块，最常用的就是内联的fping。

*** Probes ***

+ FPing

# binary = /usr/sbin/fping
binary = /usr/local/sbin/fping

主从配置

在使用主从结构时，需要一个验证文件，即secrets指定的值，默认为 /opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets，对于每一个从节点，还需要指定显示名称 display_name，显示颜色 color(此颜色指的是概述图上的线色，非细节图)，颜色代码采用RRGGBB形式。

*** Slaves ***
secrets=/opt/smokeping/etc/smokeping_secrets
+boomer
display_name=boomer
color=0000ff

+slave2
display_name=another
color=00ff00

定义监控目标各项参数

Target是搭建snokeping主要配置的部分。menu定义了条目的菜单名称，title定义了条目的标题名称，host 定义了目标主机名，alerts定义了使用的报警器，probe定义了使用的探针，slaves定义了需要使用的从服务器列表。同样，子条目的参数会继承父条目，也可以进行覆盖。

*** Targets ***

probe = FPing

menu = Top
title = Network Latency Grapher
remark = Welcome to the SmokePing website of xxx Company. \
         Here you will learn all about the latency of our network.

#+ Test
#menu= Targets
##parents = owner:/Test/James location:/

#++ James

#menu = James
#title =James
#alerts = someloss
#slaves = boomer slave2
#host = james.address

#++ MultiHost

#menu = Multihost
#title = James and James as seen from Boomer
#host = /Test/James /Test/James~boomer

+ NetMonitor
menu = 三大网络监控
title = 监控统计

++ dianxin
menu = 电信网络监控
title = 电信网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor/dianxin/dianxin-bj  /NetMonitor/dianxin/dianxin-sc

+++ dianxin-bj
menu = 北京电信
title = 北京电信
alerts = someloss
host = 202.96.199.133

+++ dianxin-sc
menu = 四川电信
title = 四川电信
alerts = someloss
host = 61.139.2.69

++ liantong
menu = 联通网络监控
title = 联通网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor/liantong/liantong-bj /NetMonitor/liantong/liantong-gz

+++ liantong-bj
menu = 北京联通
title = 北京联通
alerts = someloss
host = 61.135.169.121

+++ liantong-gz
menu = 广东联通
title = 广东联通
alerts = someloss
host = 221.5.88.88

++ yidong
menu = 移动网络监控
title = 移动网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor/yidong/yidong-sc /NetMonitor/yidong/yidong-gz

+++ yidong-sc
menu = 四川移动
title = 四川移动
alerts = someloss
host = 218.201.4.3

+++ yidong-gz
menu = 广东移动
title = 广东移动
alerts = someloss
host = 211.136.192.6

独立监控目标文件

可以将监控的节点独立出来，然后使用@include xxx指定这个文件即可。也就是可以不用在config配置文件中加上监控IP的配置，直接独立出来即可。

在config同一目录下创建一个文件

[root@localhost smokeping]# vim etc/net_test.list

# 添加
+ NetMonitor_test
menu = 三大网络监控_include
title = 监控统计

++ dianxin
menu = 电信网络监控
title = 电信网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor_test/dianxin/dianxin-bj  /NetMonitor_test/dianxin/dianxin-sc

+++ dianxin-bj
menu = 北京电信
title = 北京电信
alerts = someloss
host = 202.96.199.133

+++ dianxin-sc
menu = 四川电信
title = 四川电信
alerts = someloss
host = 61.139.2.69

++ liantong
menu = 联通网络监控
title = 联通网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor_test/liantong/liantong-bj /NetMonitor_test/liantong/liantong-gz

+++ liantong-bj
menu = 北京联通
title = 北京联通
alerts = someloss
host = 61.135.169.121

+++ liantong-gz
menu = 广东联通
title = 广东联通
alerts = someloss
host = 221.5.88.88

++ yidong
menu = 移动网络监控
title = 移动网络监控列表
host = /NetMonitor_test/yidong/yidong-sc /NetMonitor_test/yidong/yidong-gz

+++ yidong-sc
menu = 四川移动
title = 四川移动
alerts = someloss
host = 218.201.4.3

+++ yidong-gz
menu = 广东移动
title = 广东移动
alerts = someloss
host = 211.136.192.6

修改smokeping的配置文件，在最后引入这个配置

[root@localhost smokeping]# vim etc/config
# 最后添加
@include net_test.list

[root@localhost smokeping]# systemctl restart smokeping

现在就增加了另一项。