区块链教程Fabric1.0源代码分析Tx RWSet（读写集）
区块链教程Fabric1.0源代码分析Tx RWSet（读写集），2018年下半年，区块链行业正逐渐褪去发展之初的浮躁、回归理性，表面上看相关人才需求与身价似乎正在回落。但事实上，正是初期泡沫的渐退，让人们更多的关注点放在了区块链真正的技术之上。
Fabric 1.0源代码笔记 之 Tx #RWSet（读写集）
1、RWSet概述
在背书节点模拟Transaction期间，为交易准备了一个读写集合。
Read Set包含模拟Transaction读取的Key和版本的列表，Write Set包含Key、写入的新值、以及删除标记（是否删除Key）。
RWSet相关代码分布在protos/ledger/rwset、core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil目录下。目录结构如下：
- protos/ledger/rwset目录：
rwset.pb.go，TxReadWriteSet和NsReadWriteSet结构体定义。
kv_rwset.pb.go，KVRWSet、KVRead、KVWrite、Version、RangeQueryInfo结构体定义，以及isRangeQueryInfo_ReadsInfo接口定义。 - core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil目录：
rwset_proto_util.go，TxRwSet和NsRwSet结构体及方法。
rwset_builder.go，RWSetBuilder结构体及方法。
* query_results_helper.go，RangeQueryResultsHelper结构体及方法。
2、TxReadWriteSet结构体（protos）
TxReadWriteSet结构体：
type TxReadWriteSet_DataModel int32
const (
TxReadWriteSet_KV TxReadWriteSet_DataModel = 0
)
type TxReadWriteSet struct {
DataModel TxReadWriteSet_DataModel
NsRwset []*NsReadWriteSet
}
type NsReadWriteSet struct {
Namespace string
Rwset []byte //KVRWSet 序列化
}
//代码在protos/ledger/rwset/rwset.pb.goKVRWSet结构体：
type KVRWSet struct {
Reads []*KVRead
RangeQueriesInfo []*RangeQueryInfo
Writes []*KVWrite
}
type KVRead struct {
Key string
Version *Version
}
type KVWrite struct {
Key string
IsDelete bool
Value []byte
}
type Version struct {
BlockNum uint64
TxNum uint64
}
type RangeQueryInfo struct {
StartKey string
EndKey string
ItrExhausted bool
ReadsInfo isRangeQueryInfo_ReadsInfo
}
代码在protos/ledger/rwset/kvrwset/kv_rwset.pb.go3、TxRwSet结构体及方法（core）
type TxRwSet struct {
NsRwSets []*NsRwSet
}
type NsRwSet struct {
NameSpace string
KvRwSet *kvrwset.KVRWSet
}
//按TxRwSet构造TxReadWriteSet并序列化
func (txRwSet *TxRwSet) ToProtoBytes() ([]byte, error)
//[]byte反序列化为TxReadWriteSet，按TxReadWriteSet构造TxRwSet
func (txRwSet *TxRwSet) FromProtoBytes(protoBytes []byte) error
//构造KVRead
func NewKVRead(key string, version *version.Height) *kvrwset.KVRead
//构造version.Height
func NewVersion(protoVersion *kvrwset.Version) *version.Height
//构造Version
func newProtoVersion(height *version.Height) *kvrwset.Version
//构造KVWrite
func newKVWrite(key string, value []byte) *kvrwset.KVWrite
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/rwset_proto_util.go4、RWSetBuilder结构体及方法
RWSetBuilder结构体定义：
type RWSetBuilder struct {
rwMap map[string]*nsRWs //Namespace
}
type nsRWs struct {
readMap map[string]*kvrwset.KVRead //KVRead map
writeMap map[string]*kvrwset.KVWrite //KVWrite map
rangeQueriesMap map[rangeQueryKey]*kvrwset.RangeQueryInfo //RangeQueryInfo map
rangeQueriesKeys []rangeQueryKey //rangeQueryKey数组
}
type rangeQueryKey struct {
startKey string
endKey string
itrExhausted bool //迭代器是否用尽
}
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/rwset_builder.go涉及方法如下：
//构造nsRWs
func newNsRWs() *nsRWs
//构造RWSetBuilder
func NewRWSetBuilder() *RWSetBuilder
//构造KVRead，并加入nsRWs.readMap
func (rws *RWSetBuilder) AddToReadSet(ns string, key string, version *version.Height)
//构造KVWrite，并加入nsRWs.writeMap
func (rws *RWSetBuilder) AddToWriteSet(ns string, key string, value []byte)
//用RangeQueryInfo构造rangeQueryKey，并将rangeQueryKey和RangeQueryInfo加入nsRWs.rangeQueriesKeys和nsRWs.rangeQueriesMap
func (rws *RWSetBuilder) AddToRangeQuerySet(ns string, rqi *kvrwset.RangeQueryInfo)
从RWSetBuilder构造TxRwSet
func (rws *RWSetBuilder) GetTxReadWriteSet() *TxRwSet
//获取或创建nsRWs
func (rws *RWSetBuilder) getOrCreateNsRW(ns string) *nsRWs
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/rwset_builder.go5、RangeQueryResultsHelper结构体及方法（什么用途呢？？？）
5.1、merkleTree（默克尔树）
Merkle Tree，也称Hash Tree，即存储hash值的一棵树。
Merkle树的叶子是数据块的hash值，非叶节点是其对应子节点串联字符串的hash。
type MerkleTreeLevel uint32
type Hash []byte
const leafLevel = MerkleTreeLevel(1)
type merkleTree struct {
tree map[MerkleTreeLevel][]Hash
maxLevel MerkleTreeLevel //1
maxDegree uint32 //单层最大个数
}
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/query_results_helper.go涉及方法如下：
//构造merkleTree
func newMerkleTree(maxDegree uint32) (*merkleTree, error)
//加入哈希，从第一层开始加，直至当前层哈希数量没有超过限额为止
func (m *merkleTree) update(nextLeafLevelHash Hash) error
func (m *merkleTree) done() error
func (m *merkleTree) getSummery() *kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary //构造QueryReadsMerkleSummary
func (m *merkleTree) getMaxLevel() MerkleTreeLevel //获取maxLevel
func (m *merkleTree) getMaxLevelHashes() []Hash //maxLevel层哈希数组
func (m *merkleTree) isEmpty() bool //maxLevel为1且第1层哈希数组为空
func (m *merkleTree) String() string //String
//计算哈希数组合并后哈希
func computeCombinedHash(hashes []Hash) (Hash, error)
//[]Hash转换为[][]byte
func hashesToBytes(hashes []Hash) [][]byte
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/query_results_helper.gofunc (m *merkleTree) update(nextLeafLevelHash Hash) error代码如下:
//const leafLevel = MerkleTreeLevel(1)
m.tree[leafLevel] = append(m.tree[leafLevel], nextLeafLevelHash) //先加入第一层
currentLevel := leafLevel
for {
currentLevelHashes := m.tree[currentLevel]
//如果当前层数量没有超过限额，则返回，即Hash加到没有数量超出限额的层为止
if uint32(len(currentLevelHashes)) <= m.maxDegree {
return nil
}
//如果当前层数量超过限额
nextLevelHash, err := computeCombinedHash(currentLevelHashes) //计算当前层合并哈希
delete(m.tree, currentLevel) //删除当前层
nextLevel := currentLevel + 1 //进入更高一层
m.tree[nextLevel] = append(m.tree[nextLevel], nextLevelHash) //合并哈希加入更高一层
if nextLevel > m.maxLevel { //如果更高一层层高超过原定最大高度，则重置最大高度为更高一层层高
m.maxLevel = nextLevel
}
currentLevel = nextLevel //更新当前层为更高一层
}
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/query_results_helper.gofunc (m *merkleTree) done() error代码如下：
currentLevel := leafLevel //从第一层开始
var h Hash
var err error
for currentLevel < m.maxLevel { //循环至最高层
currentLevelHashes := m.tree[currentLevel]
switch len(currentLevelHashes) {
case 0: //当前层数量为0，进入更高一层
currentLevel++
continue
case 1: //当前层数量为1，获取当前值
h = currentLevelHashes[0]
default: //当前层数量1个，计算合并哈希
h, err = computeCombinedHash(currentLevelHashes)
}
delete(m.tree, currentLevel) //删除当前层
currentLevel++ //进入更高一层
m.tree[currentLevel] = append(m.tree[currentLevel], h) //前一层合并哈希加入本层
}
finalHashes := m.tree[m.maxLevel] //最高一层
if uint32(len(finalHashes)) > m.maxDegree { //如果最高一层超出限额
delete(m.tree, m.maxLevel) //删除本层
m.maxLevel++ //进入更高一层
combinedHash, err := computeCombinedHash(finalHashes) //计算合并哈希
m.tree[m.maxLevel] = []Hash{combinedHash} //哈并哈希加入新的最高层
}
return nil
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/query_results_helper.go5.2 RangeQueryResultsHelper
RangeQueryResultsHelper定义：
type RangeQueryResultsHelper struct {
pendingResults []*kvrwset.KVRead
mt *merkleTree //merkleTree
maxDegree uint32
hashingEnabled bool
}
//代码在core/ledger/kvledger/txmgmt/rwsetutil/query_results_helper.go涉及方法如下：
//构造RangeQueryResultsHelper，如果启用哈希将构造merkleTree
func NewRangeQueryResultsHelper(enableHashing bool, maxDegree uint32) (*RangeQueryResultsHelper, error)
//添加KVRead加入pendingResults，如果pendingResults数量超过限额，执行processPendingResults
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) AddResult(kvRead *kvrwset.KVRead) error
//执行processPendingResults，并执行merkleTree.done()
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) Done() ([]*kvrwset.KVRead, *kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary, error)
//获取QueryReadsMerkleSummary
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) GetMerkleSummary() *kvrwset.QueryReadsMerkleSummary
//pendingResults序列化并哈希后，加入merkleTree，并清空pendingResults
func (helper *RangeQueryResultsHelper) processPendingResults() error
//KVRead序列化
func serializeKVReads(kvReads []*kvrwset.KVRead) ([]byte, error)补充 QueryReadsMerkleSummary：
type QueryReadsMerkleSummary struct {
MaxDegree uint32
MaxLevel uint32
MaxLevelHashes [][]byte
}
//代码在protos/ledger/rwset/kvrwset/kv_rwset.pb.go转载于:https://blog.51cto.com/14041296/2314540