启动mysql配置文件的启动方式

配置文件加载问题（查看自己使用的哪个配置文件）

MySQL 配置文件加载位置与顺序： 
1./usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –verbose –help >help.txt 2>&1 
(/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –verbose –help 这个命令生成所有mysqld选项和可配置变量的列表 然后重定向到help.txt，标准错误也重定向到这个文件中) 
2.查看这个文件：vi help.txt 
3.搜索my.cnf:

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
(默认选项在给定的顺序从下列文件中读取：)
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqld server mysqld-5.7
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit.
--defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #.（加载指定的不加载其他）
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
（加载默认的之后在加载指定的）

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
• 8
• 9

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
• 6
• 7
• 8
• 9

so：my.cnf是按照这个顺序读取的，如果有那个配置不一样但是有多个my.cnf是按照最后一个配置为准的

mysql的四种启动方式:

1、mysqld 
启动mysql服务器:./mysqld –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf –user=root 
客户端连接: 
mysql –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 
or 
mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

2、mysqld_safe 
启动mysql服务器:./mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf –user=root & 
客户端连接: 
mysql –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf 
or 
mysql -S /tm/mysql.sock

3、mysql.server 
cp -v /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/ 
chkconfig –add mysql.server 
启动mysql服务器:service mysql.server {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status} 
客户端连接:同1、2

4、mysqld_multi 
mkdir $MYSQL_BASE/data2 
cat <<-EOF>> /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld_multi] 
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 
mysqladmin = /user/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin 
user = mysqladmin 
password = mysqladmin

[mysqld3306] 
port = 3306 
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock 
pid-file = /tmp/mysql3306.pid 
skip-external-locking 
key_buffer_size = 16M 
max_allowed_packet = 1M 
table_open_cache = 64 
sort_buffer_size = 512K 
net_buffer_length = 8K 
read_buffer_size = 256K 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K 
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M 
basedir = /usr/local/mysql 
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data

[mysqld3307] 
port = 3307 
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock 
pid-file = /tmp/mysql3307.pid 
skip-external-locking 
key_buffer_size = 16M 
max_allowed_packet = 1M 
table_open_cache = 64 
sort_buffer_size = 512K 
net_buffer_length = 8K 
read_buffer_size = 256K 
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K 
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M 
basedir = /usr/local/mysql 
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data2 
EOF

mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

mysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘mysqladmin’@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysqladmin’ with grant option;

mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock

mysql>GRANT SHUTDOWN ON . TO ‘mysqladmin’@’localhost’ identified by ‘mysqladmin’ with grant option;

启动mysql服务器:./mysqld_multi –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf start 3306-3307 
关闭mysql服务器:mysqladmin shutdown