MySQL 有关当前日期及日期格式的操作(大全)

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获取系统日期: NOW()

获取系统日期: NOW()

mysql> select now();
+---------------------+
| now()               |
+---------------------+
| 2018-07-10 20:39:12 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

格式化日期: DATE_FORMAT(date, format)

注: date:时间字段,format:日期格式

根据format字符串格式化date值:

  • %S, %s 两位数字形式的秒( 00,01, …, 59)
  • %I, %i 两位数字形式的分( 00,01, …, 59)
  • %H 两位数字形式的小时,24 小时(00,01, …, 23)
  • %h 两位数字形式的小时,12 小时(01,02, …, 12)
  • %k 数字形式的小时,24 小时(0,1, …, 23)
  • %l 数字形式的小时,12 小时(1, 2, …, 12)
  • %T 24 小时的时间形式(hh:mm:ss)
  • %r 12 小时的时间形式(hh:mm:ss AM 或hh:mm:ss PM)
  • %p AM或PM
  • %W 一周中每一天的名称(Sunday, Monday, …, Saturday)
  • %a 一周中每一天名称的缩写(Sun, Mon, …, Sat)
  • %d 两位数字表示月中的天数(00, 01,…, 31)
  • %e 数字形式表示月中的天数(1, 2, …, 31)
  • %D 英文后缀表示月中的天数(1st, 2nd, 3rd,…)
  • %w 以数字形式表示周中的天数( 0 = Sunday, 1=Monday, …, 6=Saturday)
  • %j 以三位数字表示年中的天数( 001, 002, …, 366)
  • %U 周(0, 1, 52),其中Sunday 为周中的第一天
  • %u 周(0, 1, 52),其中Monday 为周中的第一天
  • %M 月名(January, February, …, December)
  • %b 缩写的月名( January, February,…., December)
  • %m 两位数字表示的月份(01, 02, …, 12)
  • %c 数字表示的月份(1, 2, …., 12)
  • %Y 四位数字表示的年份
  • %y 两位数字表示的年份
  • %% 直接值“%”
mysql> select date_format(now(),'%y-%m-%d');
+-------------------------------+
| date_format(now(),'%y-%m-%d') |
+-------------------------------+
| 18-07-10                      |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select date_format(now(),'%Y-%M-%D');
+-------------------------------+
| date_format(now(),'%Y-%M-%D') |
+-------------------------------+
| 2018-July-10th                |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

除了 now() 函数能获得当前的日期时间外,MySQL 中还有下面的函数:

  • current_timestamp()
  • current_timestamp
  • localtime()
  • localtime
  • localtimestamp
  • localtimestamp()

这些日期时间函数,都等同于now()。鉴于now()函数简短易记,建议总是使用now()来替代上面列出的函数。

例如:

mysql> select current_timestamp();
+---------------------+
| current_timestamp() |
+---------------------+
| 2018-07-10 20:46:29 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

函数:sysdate()

sysdate() 日期时间函数跟 now() 类似,不同之处在于:now() 在执行开始时值就得到了, sysdate() 在函数执行时动态得到值。看下面的例子就明白了:

mysql> select now(), sleep(3), now();
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| now()               | sleep(3) | now()               |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2018-07-10 20:47:31 |        0 | 2018-07-10 20:47:31 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (3.00 sec)
mysql> select sysdate(), sleep(3), sysdate();
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| sysdate()           | sleep(3) | sysdate()           |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
| 2018-07-10 20:49:02 |        0 | 2018-07-10 20:49:05 |
+---------------------+----------+---------------------+
1 row in set (3.00 sec)

可以看到,虽然中途sleep3秒,但now()函数两次的时间值是相同的;sysdate()函数两次得到的时间值相差 3秒。MySQL Manual 中是这样描述 sysdate() 的:Return the time at which the functionexecutes

sysdate() 日期时间函数,一般情况下很少用到。

获得当前日期(date)函数:curdate()

mysql> select curdate();
+------------+
| curdate()  |
+------------+
| 2018-07-11 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其中,下面的两个日期函数等同于 curdate():
- current_date()
- current_date

获得当前时间(time)函数:curtime()

mysql> select curtime();
+-----------+
| curtime() |
+-----------+
| 09:34:05  |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

其中,下面的两个时间函数等同于 curtime():

  • current_time()
  • current_time

获得当前 UTC 日期时间函数:utc_date(), utc_time(), utc_timestamp()

mysql> select utc_timestamp(), utc_date(), utc_time(), now();
+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+
| utc_timestamp()     | utc_date() | utc_time() | now()               |
+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+
| 2018-07-10 12:54:40 | 2018-07-10 | 12:54:40   | 2018-07-10 20:54:40 |
+---------------------+------------+------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

因为我国位于东八时区,所以本地时间=UTC时间+8小时。UTC时间在业务涉及多个国家和地区的时候,非常有用。

MySQL 日期时间 Extract(选取) 函数。

选取日期时间的各个部分:日期、时间、年、季度、月、日、小时、分钟、秒、微秒

  • select date(@dt);
  • select time(@dt);
  • select year(@dt);
  • select quarter(@dt);
  • select month(@dt);
  • select week(@dt);
  • select day(@dt);
  • select hour(@dt);
  • select minute(@dt);
  • select second(@dt);
  • select microsecond(@dt);
mysql> set @dt =now();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date(@dt);
+------------+
| date(@dt)  |
+------------+
| 2018-07-11 |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select time(@dt);
+-----------+
| time(@dt) |
+-----------+
| 09:34:40  |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select year(@dt);
+-----------+
| year(@dt) |
+-----------+
|      2018 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL Extract() 函数,可以上面实现类似的功能:

  • select extract(year from @dt);
  • select extract(quarter from @dt);
  • select extract(month from @dt);
  • select extract(week from @dt);
  • select extract(day from @dt);
  • select extract(hour from @dt);
  • select extract(minute from @dt);
  • select extract(second from @dt);
  • select extract(microsecond from @dt);
  • select extract(year_month from @dt);
  • select extract(day_hour from @dt);
  • select extract(day_minute from @dt);
  • select extract(day_second from @dt);
  • select extract(day_microsecond from @dt);
  • select extract(hour_minute from @dt);
  • select extract(hour_second from @dt);
  • select extract(hour_microsecond from @dt);
  • select extract(minute_second from @dt);
  • select extract(minute_microsecond from @dt);
  • select extract(second_microsecond from @dt);
mysql> set @dt=now();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select extract(year from @dt);
+------------------------+
| extract(year from @dt) |
+------------------------+
|                   2018 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL Extract() 函数除了没有date(),time()的功能外,其他功能一应具全。并且还具有选取‘day_microsecond’等功能。注意这里不是只选取 day 和 microsecond,而是从日期的 day 部分一直选取到 microsecond 部分。够强悍的吧!

MySQL Extract() 函数唯一不好的地方在于:你需要多敲几次键盘。

MySQL dayof… 函数:dayofweek(), dayofmonth(), dayofyear()

分别返回日期参数,在一周、一月、一年中的位置。

mysql> set @dt='2018-07-10';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select dayofweek(@dt);
+----------------+
| dayofweek(@dt) |
+----------------+
|              3 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select dayofmonth(@dt);
+-----------------+
| dayofmonth(@dt) |
+-----------------+
|              10 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select dayofyear(@dt);
+----------------+
| dayofyear(@dt) |
+----------------+
|            191 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

日期 ‘2018-07-10’ 是一周中的第 3 天(1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday, …, 7 = Saturday);一月中的第10 天;一年中的第 191 天。

MySQL week… 函数:week(), weekofyear(), dayofweek(), weekday(), yearweek()

mysql> set @dt = '2018-07-10';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select week(@dt);
+-----------+
| week(@dt) |
+-----------+
|        27 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select week(@dt,3);
+-------------+
| week(@dt,3) |
+-------------+
|          28 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select weekofyear(@dt);
+-----------------+
| weekofyear(@dt) |
+-----------------+
|              28 |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select dayofyear(@dt);
+----------------+
| dayofyear(@dt) |
+----------------+
|            191 |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select weekday(@dt);
+--------------+
| weekday(@dt) |
+--------------+
|            1 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select yearweek(@dt);
+---------------+
| yearweek(@dt) |
+---------------+
|        201827 |
+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL week() 函数,可以有两个参数,具体可看手册。 weekofyear()week() 一样,都是计算“某天”是位于一年中的第几周。 weekofyear(@dt) 等价于 week(@dt,3)

MySQL weekday()函数和dayofweek()类似,都是返回“某天”在一周中的位置。不同点在于参考的标准, weekday:(0 =Monday, 1 = Tuesday, …, 6 = Sunday); dayofweek:(1 = Sunday, 2 = Monday,…, 7 = Saturday)

MySQL yearweek() 函数,返回 year(2018) + week(27)。

MySQL 返回星期和月份名称函数:dayname(), monthname()

mysql> set @dt = '2018-07-10';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select dayname(@dt);
+--------------+
| dayname(@dt) |
+--------------+
| Tuesday      |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select monthname(@dt);
+----------------+
| monthname(@dt) |
+----------------+
| July           |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

思考,如何返回中文的名称呢?

MySQL last_day() 函数:返回月份中的最后一天。

mysql> select last_day('2018-07-10');
+------------------------+
| last_day('2018-07-10') |
+------------------------+
| 2018-07-31             |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select last_day('2018-08-01');
+------------------------+
| last_day('2018-08-01') |
+------------------------+
| 2018-08-31             |
+------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL last_day() 函数非常有用,比如我想得到当前月份中有多少天,可以这样来计算:

mysql> select now(), day(last_day(now())) as days;
+---------------------+------+
| now()               | days |
+---------------------+------+
| 2018-07-10 23:37:52 |   31 |
+---------------------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 日期时间计算函数

MySQL 为日期增加一个时间间隔:date_add()

  • set @dt = now();
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 day); – add 1 day
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 hour); – add 1 hour
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 minute); – …
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 second);
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 microsecond);
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 week);
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 month);
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 quarter);
  • select date_add(@dt, interval 1 year);
  • select date_add(@dt, interval -1 day); – sub 1 day

MySQL adddate(),addtime()函数,可以用date_add()来替代。下面是date_add() 实现addtime()功能示例:

mysql> set @dt=now();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>  select date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second);
+------------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval '01:15:30' hour_second) |
+------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-07-11 00:59:08                            |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second);
+-------------------------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval '1 01:15:30' day_second) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-07-12 00:59:08                             |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

date_add()函数,分别为@dt增加了“1小时 15分 30秒” 和 “1天 1小时 15分 30秒”。建议:总是使用date_add()日期时间函数来替代adddate(),addtime()

MySQL 为日期减去一个时间间隔:date_sub()

mysql> set @dt=now();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_sub(@dt, interval '1 1:1:1' day_second);
+----------------------------------------------+
| date_sub(@dt, interval '1 1:1:1' day_second) |
+----------------------------------------------+
| 2018-07-09 22:44:58                          |
+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL date_sub()日期时间函数 和date_add()用法一致,不再赘述。另外,MySQL 中还有两个函数subdate(), subtime(),建议,用 date_sub() 来替代。

MySQL 另类日期函数:period_add(P,N), period_diff(P1,P2)

函数参数“P” 的格式为“YYYYMM” 或者 “YYMM”,第二个参数“N” 表示增加或减去 N month(月)。

MySQL period_add(P,N):日期加/减去N月。

mysql> select period_add(201807,2), period_add(20180710,-2);
+----------------------+-------------------------+
| period_add(201807,2) | period_add(20180710,-2) |
+----------------------+-------------------------+
|               201809 |                20180708 |
+----------------------+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL period_diff(P1,P2):日期 P1-P2,返回 N 个月。

mysql> select period_diff(201708, 201807);
+-----------------------------+
| period_diff(201708, 201807) |
+-----------------------------+
|                         -11 |
+-----------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

在 MySQL 中,这两个日期函数,一般情况下很少用到。

MySQL 日期、时间相减函数:datediff(date1,date2), timediff(time1,time2)

MySQL datediff(date1,date2):两个日期相减 date1 - date2,返回天数。

mysql> select datediff('2018-07-10', '2018-08-01');
+--------------------------------------+
| datediff('2018-07-10', '2018-08-01') |
+--------------------------------------+
|                                  -22 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select datediff('2018-07-10', '2018-06-01');
+--------------------------------------+
| datediff('2018-07-10', '2018-06-01') |
+--------------------------------------+
|                                   39 |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL timediff(time1,time2):两个日期相减 time1 - time2,返回 time 差值。

mysql> select timediff('2018-07-10 08:08:08', '2018-07-11 00:00:00');
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| timediff('2018-07-10 08:08:08', '2018-07-11 00:00:00') |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| -15:51:52                                              |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00');
+----------------------------------+
| timediff('08:08:08', '00:00:00') |
+----------------------------------+
| 08:08:08                         |
+----------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注意:timediff(time1,time2)函数的两个参数类型必须相同。

MySQL 日期转换函数、时间转换函数

MySQL (时间、秒)转换函数:time_to_sec(time), sec_to_time(seconds)

mysql> select time_to_sec('01:00:05');
+-------------------------+
| time_to_sec('01:00:05') |
+-------------------------+
|                    3605 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select sec_to_time(3605);
+-------------------+
| sec_to_time(3605) |
+-------------------+
| 01:00:05          |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL (日期、天数)转换函数:to_days(date), from_days(days)

mysql> select to_days('0000-00-00');
+-----------------------+
| to_days('0000-00-00') |
+-----------------------+
|                  NULL |
+-----------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.01 sec)

mysql> select from_days(0);
+--------------+
| from_days(0) |
+--------------+
| 0000-00-00   |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set @dt = now();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select to_days(@dt);
+--------------+
| to_days(@dt) |
+--------------+
|       737251 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)




mysql> select from_days(737251);
+-------------------+
| from_days(737251) |
+-------------------+
| 2018-07-11        |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL Str to Date (字符串转换为日期)函数:str_to_date(str, format)

mysql> select str_to_date('07/10/2018', '%m/%d/%Y');
+---------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('07/10/2018', '%m/%d/%Y') |
+---------------------------------------+
| 2018-07-10                            |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select str_to_date('08/09/18' , '%m/%d/%y');
+--------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('08/09/18' , '%m/%d/%y') |
+--------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-09                           |
+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select str_to_date('08.09.2018', '%m.%d.%Y');
+---------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('08.09.2018', '%m.%d.%Y') |
+---------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-09                            |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s');
+-------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('08:09:30', '%h:%i:%s') |
+-------------------------------------+
| NULL                                |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> select str_to_date('08.09.2018 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s');
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| str_to_date('08.09.2018 08:09:30', '%m.%d.%Y %h:%i:%s') |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-09 08:09:30                                     |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

可以看到,str_to_date(str,format)转换函数,可以把一些杂乱无章的字符串转换为日期格式。另外,它也可以转换为时间。“format” 可以参看 MySQL 手册。

MySQL Date/Time to Str(日期/时间转换为字符串)函数:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format)

mysql> select date_format('2018-08-08 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y');
+------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('2018-08-08 22:23:00', '%W %M %Y') |
+------------------------------------------------+
| Wednesday August 2018                          |
+------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_format('2018-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s');
+----------------------------------------------------+
| date_format('2018-08-08 22:23:01', '%Y%m%d%H%i%s') |
+----------------------------------------------------+
| 20180808222301                                     |
+----------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select time_format('22:23:01', '%H.%i.%s');
+-------------------------------------+
| time_format('22:23:01', '%H.%i.%s') |
+-------------------------------------+
| 22.23.01                            |
+-------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 日期、时间转换函数:date_format(date,format), time_format(time,format) 能够把一个日期/时间转换成各种各样的字符串格式。它是 str_to_date(str,format) 函数的 一个逆转换。

MySQL 获得国家地区时间格式函数:get_format()

MySQL get_format() 语法:

get_format(date|time|datetime, 'eur'|'usa'|'jis'|'iso'|'internal'

MySQL get_format() 用法的全部示例:

select get_format(date,'usa') ; -- '%m.%d.%Y'
select get_format(date,'jis') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d'
select get_format(date,'iso') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d'
select get_format(date,'eur') ; -- '%d.%m.%Y'
select get_format(date,'internal') ; -- '%Y%m%d'
select get_format(datetime,'usa') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'
select get_format(datetime,'jis') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'
select get_format(datetime,'iso') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s'
select get_format(datetime,'eur') ; -- '%Y-%m-%d %H.%i.%s'
select get_format(datetime,'internal') ; -- '%Y%m%d%H%i%s'
select get_format(time,'usa') ; -- '%h:%i:%s %p'
select get_format(time,'jis') ; -- '%H:%i:%s'
select get_format(time,'iso') ; -- '%H:%i:%s'
select get_format(time,'eur') ; -- '%H.%i.%s'
select get_format(time,'internal') ; -- '%H%i%s'

MySQL get_format() 函数在实际中用到机会的比较少。

MySQL 拼凑日期、时间函数:makdedate(year,dayofyear), maketime(hour,minute,second)

mysql> select makedate(2018,32);
+-------------------+
| makedate(2018,32) |
+-------------------+
| 2018-02-01        |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select makedate(2018,31);
+-------------------+
| makedate(2018,31) |
+-------------------+
| 2018-01-31        |
+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select maketime(12,15,30);
+--------------------+
| maketime(12,15,30) |
+--------------------+
| 12:15:30           |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL 时间戳(Timestamp)函数

MySQL 获得当前时间戳函数:current_timestamp, current_timestamp()

mysql> select current_timestamp, current_timestamp();
+---------------------+---------------------+
| current_timestamp   | current_timestamp() |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2018-07-11 09:47:57 | 2018-07-11 09:47:57 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL (Unix 时间戳、日期)转换函数:

  • unix_timestamp(),
  • unix_timestamp(date),
  • from_unixtime(unix_timestamp),
  • from_unixtime(unix_timestamp,format)

下面是示例:

mysql> select unix_timestamp();
+------------------+
| unix_timestamp() |
+------------------+
|       1531273843 |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select unix_timestamp('2018-08-08');
+------------------------------+
| unix_timestamp('2018-08-08') |
+------------------------------+
|                   1533657600 |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select unix_timestamp('2018-08-08 12:30:00');
+---------------------------------------+
| unix_timestamp('2018-08-08 12:30:00') |
+---------------------------------------+
|                            1533702600 |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select from_unixtime(1533702600);
+---------------------------+
| from_unixtime(1533702600) |
+---------------------------+
| 2018-08-08 12:30:00       |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select from_unixtime(1533657600);
+---------------------------+
| from_unixtime(1533657600) |
+---------------------------+
| 2018-08-08 00:00:00       |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select from_unixtime(1531273843);
+---------------------------+
| from_unixtime(1531273843) |
+---------------------------+
| 2018-07-11 09:50:43       |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select from_unixtime(1531273843, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x');
+---------------------------------------------------+
| from_unixtime(1531273843, '%Y %D %M %h:%i:%s %x') |
+---------------------------------------------------+
| 2018 11th July 09:50:43 2018                      |
+---------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

MySQL 时间戳(timestamp)转换、增、减函数:

  • timestamp(date) – date to timestamp
  • timestamp(dt,time) – dt + time
  • timestampadd(unit,interval,datetime_expr)
  • timestampdiff(unit,datetime_expr1,datetime_expr2)

请看示例部分:

mysql> select timestamp('2018-08-08');
+-------------------------+
| timestamp('2018-08-08') |
+-------------------------+
| 2018-08-08 00:00:00     |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select timestamp('2018-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01');
+----------------------------------------------+
| timestamp('2018-08-08 08:00:00', '01:01:01') |
+----------------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-08 09:01:01                          |
+----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select timestamp('2018-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| timestamp('2018-08-08 08:00:00', '10 01:01:01') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-18 09:01:01                             |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select timestampadd(day, 1, '2018-08-08 08:00:00'); 
+---------------------------------------------+
| timestampadd(day, 1, '2018-08-08 08:00:00') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-09 08:00:00                         |
+---------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> select date_add('2018-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day);
+-------------------------------------------------+
| date_add('2018-08-08 08:00:00', interval 1 day) |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| 2018-08-09 08:00:00                             |
+-------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL timestampadd() 函数类似于 date_add()。

mysql> select timestampdiff(year,'2012-05-01','2001-01-01');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| timestampdiff(year,'2012-05-01','2001-01-01') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
|                                           -11 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select timestampdiff(day ,'2012-05-01','2001-01-01');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| timestampdiff(day ,'2012-05-01','2001-01-01') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
|                                         -4138 |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select timestampdiff(hour,'2018-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00');
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
| timestampdiff(hour,'2018-08-08 12:00:00','2008-08-08 00:00:00') |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                          -87660 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00');
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| datediff('2008-08-08 12:00:00', '2008-08-01 00:00:00') |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
|                                                      7 |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL timestampdiff() 函数就比 datediff() 功能强多了,datediff() 只能计算两个日期(date)之间相差的天数。

MySQL 时区(timezone)转换函数convert_tz(dt,from_tz,to_tz)

mysql> select convert_tz(now(), '+08:00', '+00:00');
+---------------------------------------+
| convert_tz(now(), '+08:00', '+00:00') |
+---------------------------------------+
| 2018-07-10 15:58:03                   |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

时区转换也可以通过 date_add, date_sub, timestampadd 来实现。

mysql> set @dt=now();
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_add(@dt, interval -8 hour);
+---------------------------------+
| date_add(@dt, interval -8 hour) |
+---------------------------------+
| 2018-07-10 15:59:01             |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select date_sub(@dt, interval 8 hour);
+--------------------------------+
| date_sub(@dt, interval 8 hour) |
+--------------------------------+
| 2018-07-10 15:59:01            |
+--------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)


mysql> select timestampadd(hour, -8, '2018-07-11 00:01:00');  
+-----------------------------------------------+
| timestampadd(hour, -8, '2018-07-11 00:01:00') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| 2018-07-10 16:01:00                           |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

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