git restore 和 git restore --staged 的区别

git restore

git restore <file>

表示将在工作空间但是不在暂存区的文件撤销更改
示例：

E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git status                         
On branch master                                                          
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.                           
                                                                          
Changes to be committed:                                                  
  (use "git restore --staged ..." to unstage)                       
        modified:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml      
        new file:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml   
                                                                          
Changes not staged for commit:                                            
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)              
  (use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)   
        modified:   .gitignore                                            
                                                                          
                                                                          
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git restore .gitignore             
                                                                          
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git status                         
On branch master                                                          
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.                           
                                                                          
Changes to be committed:                                                  
  (use "git restore --staged ..." to unstage)                       
        modified:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml      
        new file:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml   
                                                                          
                                                                          
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>                                   

之前已经将 zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml 和 zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml 两个文件使用git add 命令添加到了暂存区，.gitignore 文件是修改过，但没有 git add 的文件（不在暂存区）。使用git restore .gitignore 命令后，使用git status 查看文件状态，发现.gitignore 文件的更改被撤销了。

git restore --staged

git restore --staged <file>

作用是将暂存区的文件从暂存区撤出，但不会更改文件
示例：
这里我们演示完整的过程，从更改文件到添加到暂存区再到从暂存区撤出

1. 初始状态

E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged ..." to unstage)
        modified:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml
        new file:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml


E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>

2. 手动修改一下 .gitignore文件，再查看状态

	E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged ..." to unstage)
        modified:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml
        new file:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   .gitignore


E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>	

3. 使用 git add .gitignore 将 .gitignore 文件添加到暂存区

E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git add .gitignore

E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged ..." to unstage)
        modified:   .gitignore
        modified:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml
        new file:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml


E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>

4. 重点来了，我们使用git restore --staged 将.gitognore 文件存暂存区撤出

E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git restore --staged .gitignore

E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>git status
On branch master
Your branch is up to date with 'origin/master'.

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git restore --staged ..." to unstage)
        modified:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/application.yml
        new file:   zhw-free-demo/src/main/resources/logback-spring.xml

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)
        modified:   .gitignore


E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>
E:\JavaDev\template_workspace\zhw-free>

总结

git restore --staged 将文件从暂存区撤出，但不会撤销文件的更改
git resore 将不在暂存区的文件撤销更改