classList介绍和原生JavaScript实现addClass、removeClass等

使用jQuery可以给元素很方便的添加class和删除class等操作,现在原生的JavaScript也可以实现这个方法了。使用classList可以方便的添加class、删除class、查询class等。

语法:

let elementClass = element.classList;

elementClasses 是一个 DOMTokenList 表示 element 的类属性 。如果类属性未设置或为空,那么 elementClasses.length 返回 0。element.classList 本身是只读的,虽然你可以使用 add() 和 remove() 方法修改它。

方法:

add( String [, String] )

添加指定的类值。如果这些类已经存在于元素的属性中,那么它们将被忽略。

remove( String [,String] )

删除指定的类值。

item ( Number )

按集合中的索引返回类值。

toggle ( String [, force] )

当只有一个参数时:切换 class value; 即如果类存在,则删除它并返回false,如果不存在,则添加它并返回true。
当存在第二个参数时:如果第二个参数的计算结果为true,则添加指定的类值,如果计算结果为false,则删除它

contains( String )

检查元素的类属性中是否存在指定的类值。

示例:

// div是具有class =“foo bar”的
元素的对象引用 div.classList.remove("foo"); div.classList.add("anotherclass"); // 如果visible被设置则删除它,否则添加它 div.classList.toggle("visible"); // 添加/删除 visible,取决于测试条件,i小于10 div.classList.toggle("visible", i < 10); alert(div.classList.contains("foo")); //添加或删除多个类 div.classList.add("foo","bar"); div.classList.remove("foo", "bar");

兼容性

不兼容Android2.3和iOS4.2的,在移动端上想使用也是有点头疼啊。IE系列的更别说IE9和IE8了。所以目前来看,还是无法在实际中放心的使用,只能用于某些特定的项目等。不过我们可以通过一些shim来实现,或者最下方给出的原生javascript实现。

跨浏览器javascript shim

https://github.com/eligrey/classList.js/blob/master/classList.js

if ("document" in self) {

// Full polyfill for browsers with no classList support
if (!("classList" in document.createElement("_"))) {

(function (view) {

"use strict";

if (!('Element' in view)) return;

var
    classListProp = "classList"
  , protoProp = "prototype"
  , elemCtrProto = view.Element[protoProp]
  , objCtr = Object
  , strTrim = String[protoProp].trim || function () {
    return this.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, "");
  }
  , arrIndexOf = Array[protoProp].indexOf || function (item) {
    var
        i = 0
      , len = this.length
    ;
    for (; i < len; i++) {
      if (i in this && this[i] === item) {
        return i;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }
  // Vendors: please allow content code to instantiate DOMExceptions
  , DOMEx = function (type, message) {
    this.name = type;
    this.code = DOMException[type];
    this.message = message;
  }
  , checkTokenAndGetIndex = function (classList, token) {
    if (token === "") {
      throw new DOMEx(
          "SYNTAX_ERR"
        , "An invalid or illegal string was specified"
      );
    }
    if (/\s/.test(token)) {
      throw new DOMEx(
          "INVALID_CHARACTER_ERR"
        , "String contains an invalid character"
      );
    }
    return arrIndexOf.call(classList, token);
  }
  , ClassList = function (elem) {
    var
        trimmedClasses = strTrim.call(elem.getAttribute("class") || "")
      , classes = trimmedClasses ? trimmedClasses.split(/\s+/) : []
      , i = 0
      , len = classes.length
    ;
    for (; i < len; i++) {
      this.push(classes[i]);
    }
    this._updateClassName = function () {
      elem.setAttribute("class", this.toString());
    };
  }
  , classListProto = ClassList[protoProp] = []
  , classListGetter = function () {
    return new ClassList(this);
  }
;
// Most DOMException implementations don't allow calling DOMException's toString()
// on non-DOMExceptions. Error's toString() is sufficient here.
DOMEx[protoProp] = Error[protoProp];
classListProto.item = function (i) {
  return this[i] || null;
};
classListProto.contains = function (token) {
  token += "";
  return checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token) !== -1;
};
classListProto.add = function () {
  var
      tokens = arguments
    , i = 0
    , l = tokens.length
    , token
    , updated = false
  ;
  do {
    token = tokens[i] + "";
    if (checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token) === -1) {
      this.push(token);
      updated = true;
    }
  }
  while (++i < l);

  if (updated) {
    this._updateClassName();
  }
};
classListProto.remove = function () {
  var
      tokens = arguments
    , i = 0
    , l = tokens.length
    , token
    , updated = false
    , index
  ;
  do {
    token = tokens[i] + "";
    index = checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token);
    while (index !== -1) {
      this.splice(index, 1);
      updated = true;
      index = checkTokenAndGetIndex(this, token);
    }
  }
  while (++i < l);

  if (updated) {
    this._updateClassName();
  }
};
classListProto.toggle = function (token, force) {
  token += "";

  var
      result = this.contains(token)
    , method = result ?
      force !== true && "remove"
    :
      force !== false && "add"
  ;

  if (method) {
    this[method](token);
  }

  if (force === true || force === false) {
    return force;
  } else {
    return !result;
  }
};
classListProto.toString = function () {
  return this.join(" ");
};

if (objCtr.defineProperty) {
  var classListPropDesc = {
      get: classListGetter
    , enumerable: true
    , configurable: true
  };
  try {
    objCtr.defineProperty(elemCtrProto, classListProp, classListPropDesc);
  } catch (ex) { // IE 8 doesn't support enumerable:true
    if (ex.number === -0x7FF5EC54) {
      classListPropDesc.enumerable = false;
      objCtr.defineProperty(elemCtrProto, classListProp, classListPropDesc);
    }
  }
} else if (objCtr[protoProp].__defineGetter__) {
  elemCtrProto.__defineGetter__(classListProp, classListGetter);
}

}(self));

} else {
// There is full or partial native classList support, so just check if we need
// to normalize the add/remove and toggle APIs.

(function () {
  "use strict";

  var testElement = document.createElement("_");

  testElement.classList.add("c1", "c2");

  // Polyfill for IE 10/11 and Firefox <26, where classList.add and
  // classList.remove exist but support only one argument at a time.
  if (!testElement.classList.contains("c2")) {
    var createMethod = function(method) {
      var original = DOMTokenList.prototype[method];

      DOMTokenList.prototype[method] = function(token) {
        var i, len = arguments.length;

        for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
          token = arguments[i];
          original.call(this, token);
        }
      };
    };
    createMethod('add');
    createMethod('remove');
  }

  testElement.classList.toggle("c3", false);

  // Polyfill for IE 10 and Firefox <24, where classList.toggle does not
  // support the second argument.
  if (testElement.classList.contains("c3")) {
    var _toggle = DOMTokenList.prototype.toggle;

    DOMTokenList.prototype.toggle = function(token, force) {
      if (1 in arguments && !this.contains(token) === !force) {
        return force;
      } else {
        return _toggle.call(this, token);
      }
    };

  }

  testElement = null;
}());

}

}

原生JavaScript

类似于jQuery库的使用方式,使用className通过正则来添加或者删除class。

addClass、removeClass、toggleClass、hasClass

function hasClass(obj, cls) { 
 return obj.className.match(new RegExp('(\\s|^)' + cls + '(\\s|$)')); 
} 
 
function addClass(obj, cls) { 
 if (!this.hasClass(obj, cls)) obj.className += " " + cls; 
} 
 
function removeClass(obj, cls) { 
 if (hasClass(obj, cls)) { 
 var reg = new RegExp('(\\s|^)' + cls + '(\\s|$)'); 
 obj.className = obj.className.replace(reg, ' '); 
 } 
} 
 
function toggleClass(obj,cls){ 
 if(hasClass(obj,cls)){ 
 removeClass(obj, cls); 
 }else{ 
 addClass(obj, cls); 
 } 
}

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