Android应用程序的启动过程
前言
在Android系统中，Activity和Service是应用程序的核心组件，它们以松藕合的方式组合在一起构成了一个完整的应用程序，这得益于应用程序框架层提供了一套完整的机制来协助应用程序启动这些Activity和Service，以及提供Binder机制帮助它们相互间进行通信。
在Android系统中，有两种操作会引发Activity的启动，一种用户点击应用程序图标时，Launcher会为我们启动应用程序的主Activity；应用程序的默认Activity启动起来后，它又可以在内部通过调用startActvity接口启动新的Activity，依此类推，每一个Activity都可以在内部启动新的Activity。通过这种连锁反应，按需启动Activity，从而完成应用程序的功能。
这里，我们通过一个具体的例子来说明如何启动Android应用程序的Activity。Activity的启动方式有两种，一种是显式的，一种是隐式的，隐式启动可以使得Activity之间的藕合性更加松散，因此，这里只关注隐式启动Activity的方法。
- MainActivity的启动过程如下图所示：.
简要流程
① 点击桌面App图标，Launcher进程采用Binder IPC向system_server进程发起startActivity请求；
② system_server进程接收到请求后，向zygote进程发送创建进程的请求；
③ Zygote进程fork出新的子进程，即App进程；
④ App进程，通过Binder IPC向sytem_server进程发起attachApplication请求；
⑤ system_server进程在收到请求后，进行一系列准备工作后，再通过binder IPC向App进程发送scheduleLaunchActivity请求；
⑥ App进程的binder线程（ApplicationThread）在收到请求后，通过handler向主线程发送LAUNCH_ACTIVITY消息；
⑦ 主线程在收到Message后，通过发射机制创建目标Activity，并回调Activity.onCreate()等方法。
⑧ 到此，App便正式启动，开始进入Activity生命周期，执行完onCreate/onStart/onResume方法，UI渲染结束后便可以看到App的主界面。
具体流程
Step 1. Launcher.startActivitySafely
在Android系统中，应用程序是由Launcher启动起来的，其实，Launcher本身也是一个应用程序，其它的应用程序安装后，就会Launcher的界面上出现一个相应的图标，点击这个图标时，Launcher就会对应的应用程序启动起来。
Launcher的源代码工程在packages/apps/Launcher2目录下，负责启动其它应用程序的源代码实现在src/com/android/launcher2/Launcher.java文件中：
/**
* Default launcher application.
*/
public final class Launcher extends Activity
implements View.OnClickListener, OnLongClickListener, LauncherModel.Callbacks, AllAppsView.Watcher {
......
/**
* Launches the intent referred by the clicked shortcut.
*
* @param v The view representing the clicked shortcut.
*/
public void onClick(View v) {
Object tag = v.getTag();
if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) {
// Open shortcut
final Intent intent = ((ShortcutInfo) tag).intent;
int[] pos = new int[2];
v.getLocationOnScreen(pos);
intent.setSourceBounds(new Rect(pos[0], pos[1],
pos[0] + v.getWidth(), pos[1] + v.getHeight()));
startActivitySafely(intent, tag);
} else if (tag instanceof FolderInfo) {
......
} else if (v == mHandleView) {
......
}
}
void startActivitySafely(Intent intent, Object tag) {
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
try {
startActivity(intent);
} catch (ActivityNotFoundException e) {
......
} catch (SecurityException e) {
......
}
}
......
}
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它的默认Activity是MainActivity，这里是AndroidManifest.xml文件中配置的：
<activity android:name=".MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
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因此，这里的intent包含的信息为：action = “android.intent.action.Main”，category=“android.intent.category.LAUNCHER”, cmp=“shy.luo.activity/.MainActivity”，表示它要启动的Activity为shy.luo.activity.MainActivity。Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK表示要在一个新的Task中启动这个Activity，注意，Task是Android系统中的概念，它不同于进程Process的概念。简单地说，一个Task是一系列Activity的集合，这个集合是以堆栈的形式来组织的，遵循后进先出的原则。事实上，Task是一个非常复杂的概念，有兴趣的读者可以到官网查看相关的资料。这里，我们只要知道，这个MainActivity要在一个新的Task中启动就可以了。
Step 2. Activity.startActivity
在Step 1中，我们看到，Launcher继承于Activity类，而Activity类实现了startActivity函数，因此，这里就调用了Activity.startActivity函数，它实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中：
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
implements LayoutInflater.Factory,
Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks {
......
@Override
public void startActivity(Intent intent) {
startActivityForResult(intent, -1);
}
......
}
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这个函数实现很简单，它调用startActivityForResult来进一步处理，第二个参数传入-1表示不需要这个Actvity结束后的返回结果。
Step 3. Activity.startActivityForResult
这个函数也是实现在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Activity.java文件中：
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
implements LayoutInflater.Factory,
Window.Callback, KeyEvent.Callback,
OnCreateContextMenuListener, ComponentCallbacks {
......
public void startActivityForResult(Intent intent, int requestCode) {
if (mParent == null) {
Instrumentation.ActivityResult ar =
mInstrumentation.execStartActivity(
this, mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mToken, this,
intent, requestCode);
......
} else {
......
}
......
}
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这里的mInstrumentation是Activity类的成员变量，它的类型是Intrumentation，定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java文件中，它用来监控应用程序和系统的交互。
这里的mMainThread也是Activity类的成员变量，它的类型是ActivityThread，它代表的是应用程序的主线程。这里通过mMainThread.getApplicationThread获得它里面的ApplicationThread成员变量，它是一个Binder对象，后面我们会看到，ActivityManagerService会使用它来和ActivityThread来进行进程间通信。这里我们需注意的是，这里的mMainThread代表的是Launcher应用程序运行的进程。
这里的mToken也是Activity类的成员变量，它是一个Binder对象的远程接口。
Step 4. Instrumentation.execStartActivity
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/Instrumentation.java文件中：
public class Instrumentation {
......
public ActivityResult execStartActivity(
Context who, IBinder contextThread, IBinder token, Activity target,
Intent intent, int requestCode) {
IApplicationThread whoThread = (IApplicationThread) contextThread;
if (mActivityMonitors != null) {
......
}
try {
int result = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault()
.startActivity(whoThread, intent,
intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded(who.getContentResolver()),
null, 0, token, target != null ? target.mEmbeddedID : null,
requestCode, false, false);
......
} catch (RemoteException e) {
}
return null;
}
......
}
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这里的ActivityManagerNative.getDefault返回ActivityManagerService的远程接口，即ActivityManagerProxy接口。
这里的intent.resolveTypeIfNeeded返回这个intent的MIME类型，在这个例子中，没有AndroidManifest.xml设置MainActivity的MIME类型，因此，这里返回null。
这里的target不为null，但是target.mEmbddedID为null，我们不用关注。
Step 5. ActivityManagerProxy.startActivity
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中：
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
......
public int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller, Intent intent,
String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions, int grantedMode,
IBinder resultTo, String resultWho,
int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
boolean debug) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeTypedArray(grantedUriPermissions, 0);
data.writeInt(grantedMode);
data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo);
data.writeString(resultWho);
data.writeInt(requestCode);
data.writeInt(onlyIfNeeded ? 1 : 0);
data.writeInt(debug ? 1 : 0);
mRemote.transact(START_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int result = reply.readInt();
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return result;
}
......
}
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这里的参数比较多，我们先整理一下。从上面的调用可以知道，这里的参数resolvedType、grantedUriPermissions和resultWho均为null；参数caller为ApplicationThread类型的Binder实体；参数resultTo为一个Binder实体的远程接口，我们先不关注它；参数grantedMode为0，我们也先不关注它；参数requestCode为-1；参数onlyIfNeeded和debug均空false。
Step 6. ActivityManagerService.startActivity
上一步Step 5通过Binder驱动程序就进入到ActivityManagerService的startActivity函数来了，它定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
public final int startActivity(IApplicationThread caller,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo,
String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
boolean debug) {
return mMainStack.startActivityMayWait(caller, intent, resolvedType,
grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, resultTo, resultWho,
requestCode, onlyIfNeeded, debug, null, null);
}
......
}
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这里只是简单地将操作转发给成员变量mMainStack的startActivityMayWait函数，这里的mMainStack的类型为ActivityStack。
Step 7. ActivityStack.startActivityMayWait
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
final int startActivityMayWait(IApplicationThread caller,
Intent intent, String resolvedType, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
int grantedMode, IBinder resultTo,
String resultWho, int requestCode, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
boolean debug, WaitResult outResult, Configuration config) {
......
boolean componentSpecified = intent.getComponent() != null;
// Don't modify the client's object!
intent = new Intent(intent);
// Collect information about the target of the Intent.
ActivityInfo aInfo;
try {
ResolveInfo rInfo =
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
intent, resolvedType,
PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
| ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
}
if (aInfo != null) {
// Store the found target back into the intent, because now that
// we have it we never want to do this again. For example, if the
// user navigates back to this point in the history, we should
// always restart the exact same activity.
intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(
aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName, aInfo.name));
......
}
synchronized (mService) {
int callingPid;
int callingUid;
if (caller == null) {
......
} else {
callingPid = callingUid = -1;
}
mConfigWillChange = config != null
&& mService.mConfiguration.diff(config) != 0;
......
if (mMainStack && aInfo != null &&
(aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0) {
......
}
int res = startActivityLocked(caller, intent, resolvedType,
grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, aInfo,
resultTo, resultWho, requestCode, callingPid, callingUid,
onlyIfNeeded, componentSpecified);
if (mConfigWillChange && mMainStack) {
......
}
......if (outResult != null) {
......
}
return res;
}
}
......
}
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注意，从Step 6传下来的参数outResult和config均为null，此外，表达式(aInfo.applicationInfo.flags&ApplicationInfo.FLAG_CANT_SAVE_STATE) != 0为false，因此，这里忽略了无关代码。
下面语句对参数intent的内容进行解析，得到MainActivity的相关信息，保存在aInfo变量中：
ActivityInfo aInfo;
try {
ResolveInfo rInfo =
AppGlobals.getPackageManager().resolveIntent(
intent, resolvedType,
PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY
| ActivityManagerService.STOCK_PM_FLAGS);
aInfo = rInfo != null ? rInfo.activityInfo : null;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
......
}
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解析之后，得到的aInfo.applicationInfo.packageName的值为"shy.luo.activity"，aInfo.name的值为"shy.luo.activity.MainActivity"，这是在这个实例的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml里面配置的。
此外，函数开始的地方调用intent.getComponent()函数的返回值不为null，因此，这里的componentSpecified变量为true。
Step 8. ActivityStack.startActivityLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
final int startActivityLocked(IApplicationThread caller,
Intent intent, String resolvedType,
Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
int grantedMode, ActivityInfo aInfo, IBinder resultTo,
String resultWho, int requestCode,
int callingPid, int callingUid, boolean onlyIfNeeded,
boolean componentSpecified) {
int err = START_SUCCESS;
ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
if (caller != null) {
callerApp = mService.getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
if (callerApp != null) {
callingPid = callerApp.pid;
callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
} else {
......
}
}
......
ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null;
ActivityRecord resultRecord = null;
if (resultTo != null) {
int index = indexOfTokenLocked(resultTo);
......
if (index >= 0) {
sourceRecord = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index);
if (requestCode >= 0 && !sourceRecord.finishing) {
......
}
}
}
int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
if ((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_FORWARD_RESULT) != 0
&& sourceRecord != null) {
......
}
if (err == START_SUCCESS && intent.getComponent() == null) {
......
}
if (err == START_SUCCESS && aInfo == null) {
......
}
if (err != START_SUCCESS) {
......
}
......
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid,
intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration,
resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);
......
return startActivityUncheckedLocked(r, sourceRecord,
grantedUriPermissions, grantedMode, onlyIfNeeded, true);
}
......
}
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从传进来的参数caller得到调用者的进程信息，并保存在callerApp变量中，这里就是Launcher应用程序的进程信息了。
前面说过，参数resultTo是Launcher这个Activity里面的一个Binder对象，通过它可以获得Launcher这个Activity的相关信息，保存在sourceRecord变量中。
再接下来，创建即将要启动的Activity的相关信息，并保存在r变量中：
ActivityRecord r = new ActivityRecord(mService, this, callerApp, callingUid,
intent, resolvedType, aInfo, mService.mConfiguration,
resultRecord, resultWho, requestCode, componentSpecified);
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接着调用startActivityUncheckedLocked函数进行下一步操作。
Step 9. ActivityStack.startActivityUncheckedLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
final int startActivityUncheckedLocked(ActivityRecord r,
ActivityRecord sourceRecord, Uri[] grantedUriPermissions,
int grantedMode, boolean onlyIfNeeded, boolean doResume) {
final Intent intent = r.intent;
final int callingUid = r.launchedFromUid;
int launchFlags = intent.getFlags();
// We'll invoke onUserLeaving before onPause only if the launching
// activity did not explicitly state that this is an automated launch.
mUserLeaving = (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION) == 0;
......= (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP)
!= 0 ? r : null;
// If the onlyIfNeeded flag is set, then we can do this if the activity
// being launched is the same as the one making the call... or, as
// a special case, if we do not know the caller then we count the
// current top activity as the caller.
if (onlyIfNeeded) {
......
}
if (sourceRecord == null) {
......
} else if (sourceRecord.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
......
} else if (r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK) {
......
}
if (r.resultTo != null && (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
......
}
boolean addingToTask = false;
if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
(launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
// we can find a task that was started with this same
// component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
if (r.resultTo == null) {
// See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is
// a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
// instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
// unique task, so we do a special search.
ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
: findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
if (taskTop != null) {
......
}
}
}
......
if (r.packageName != null) {
// If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
// at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
// once.
ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
......
}
}
} else {
......
}
boolean newTask = false;
// Should this be considered a new task?
if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
&& (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
// todo: should do better management of integers.
mService.mCurTask++;
if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
mService.mCurTask = 1;
}
r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent,
(r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0);
......
newTask = true;
if (mMainStack) {
mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task);
}
} else if (sourceRecord != null) {
......
} else {
......
}
......
startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume);
return START_SUCCESS;
}
......
}
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函数首先获得intent的标志值，保存在launchFlags变量中。
这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NO_USER_ACTION没有置位，因此 ，成员变量mUserLeaving的值为true。
这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_PREVIOUS_IS_TOP也没有置位，因此，变量notTop的值为null。
由于在这个例子的AndroidManifest.xml文件中，MainActivity没有配置launchMode属值，因此，这里的r.launchMode为默认值0，表示以标准（Standard，或者称为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_MULTIPLE）的方式来启动这个Activity。Activity的启动方式有四种，其余三种分别是ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE、ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK和ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TOP，具体可以参考官方网站
传进来的参数r.resultTo为null，表示Launcher不需要等这个即将要启动的MainActivity的执行结果。
由于这个intent的标志值的位Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK被置位，而且Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK没有置位，因此，下面的if语句会被执行：
if (((launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0 &&
(launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_MULTIPLE_TASK) == 0)
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_TASK
|| r.launchMode == ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE) {
// If bring to front is requested, and no result is requested, and
// we can find a task that was started with this same
// component, then instead of launching bring that one to the front.
if (r.resultTo == null) {
// See if there is a task to bring to the front. If this is
// a SINGLE_INSTANCE activity, there can be one and only one
// instance of it in the history, and it is always in its own
// unique task, so we do a special search.
ActivityRecord taskTop = r.launchMode != ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE
? findTaskLocked(intent, r.info)
: findActivityLocked(intent, r.info);
if (taskTop != null) {
......
}
}
}
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这段代码的逻辑是查看一下，当前有没有Task可以用来执行这个Activity。由于r.launchMode的值不为ActivityInfo.LAUNCH_SINGLE_INSTANCE，因此，它通过findTaskLocked函数来查找存不存这样的Task，这里返回的结果是null，即taskTop为null，因此，需要创建一个新的Task来启动这个Activity。
接着往下看：
if (r.packageName != null) {
// If the activity being launched is the same as the one currently
// at the top, then we need to check if it should only be launched
// once.
ActivityRecord top = topRunningNonDelayedActivityLocked(notTop);
if (top != null && r.resultTo == null) {
if (top.realActivity.equals(r.realActivity)) {
......
}
}
}
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这段代码的逻辑是看一下，当前在堆栈顶端的Activity是否就是即将要启动的Activity，有些情况下，如果即将要启动的Activity就在堆栈的顶端，那么，就不会重新启动这个Activity的别一个实例了，具体可以参考官方网站。现在处理堆栈顶端的Activity是Launcher，与我们即将要启动的MainActivity不是同一个Activity，因此，这里不用进一步处理上述介绍的情况。
执行到这里，我们知道，要在一个新的Task里面来启动这个Activity了，于是新创建一个Task：
if (r.resultTo == null && !addingToTask
&& (launchFlags&Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK) != 0) {
// todo: should do better management of integers.
mService.mCurTask++;
if (mService.mCurTask <= 0) {
mService.mCurTask = 1;
}
r.task = new TaskRecord(mService.mCurTask, r.info, intent,
(r.info.flags&ActivityInfo.FLAG_CLEAR_TASK_ON_LAUNCH) != 0);
......
newTask = true;
if (mMainStack) {
mService.addRecentTaskLocked(r.task);
}
}
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新建的Task保存在r.task域中，同时，添加到mService中去，这里的mService就是ActivityManagerService了。
最后就进入startActivityLocked(r, newTask, doResume)进一步处理了。这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
private final void startActivityLocked(ActivityRecord r, boolean newTask,
boolean doResume) {
final int NH = mHistory.size();
int addPos = -1;
if (!newTask) {
......
}
// Place a new activity at top of stack, so it is next to interact
// with the user.
if (addPos < 0) {
addPos = NH;
}
// If we are not placing the new activity frontmost, we do not want
// to deliver the onUserLeaving callback to the actual frontmost
// activity
if (addPos < NH) {
......
}
// Slot the activity into the history stack and proceed
mHistory.add(addPos, r);
r.inHistory = true;
r.frontOfTask = newTask;
r.task.numActivities++;
if (NH > 0) {
// We want to show the starting preview window if we are
// switching to a new task, or the next activity's process is
// not currently running.
......
} else {
// If this is the first activity, don't do any fancy animations,
// because there is nothing for it to animate on top of.
......
}
......
if (doResume) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(null);
}
}
......
}
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这里的NH表示当前系统中历史任务的个数，这里肯定是大于0，因为Launcher已经跑起来了。当NH>0时，并且现在要切换新任务时，要做一些任务切的界面操作，这段代码我们就不看了，这里不会影响到下面启Activity的过程，有兴趣的读取可以自己研究一下。
这里传进来的参数doResume为true，于是调用resumeTopActivityLocked进一步操作。
Step 10. Activity.resumeTopActivityLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
/**
* Ensure that the top activity in the stack is resumed.
*
* @param prev The previously resumed activity, for when in the process
* of pausing; can be null to call from elsewhere.
*
* @return Returns true if something is being resumed, or false if
* nothing happened.
*/
final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) {
// Find the first activity that is not finishing.
ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null);
// Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure
// that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding.
final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving;
mUserLeaving = false;
if (next == null) {
......
}
next.delayedResume = false;
// If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
......
}
// If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
// activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
&& mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
......
}
......
// If we are currently pausing an activity, then don't do anything
// until that is done.
if (mPausingActivity != null) {
......
}
......
// We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one
// can be resumed...
if (mResumedActivity != null) {
......
startPausingLocked(userLeaving, false);
return true;
}
......
}
......
}
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函数先通过调用topRunningActivityLocked函数获得堆栈顶端的Activity，这里就是MainActivity了，这是在上面的Step 9设置好的，保存在next变量中。
接下来把mUserLeaving的保存在本地变量userLeaving中，然后重新设置为false，在上面的Step 9中，mUserLeaving的值为true，因此，这里的userLeaving为true。
这里的mResumedActivity为Launcher，因为Launcher是当前正被执行的Activity。
当我们处理休眠状态时，mLastPausedActivity保存堆栈顶端的Activity，因为当前不是休眠状态，所以mLastPausedActivity为null。
有了这些信息之后，下面的语句就容易理解了：
// If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do.
if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) {
......
}
// If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top
// activity is paused, well that is the state we want.
if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown)
&& mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) {
......
}
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它首先看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处理Resumed状态的Activity，如果是的话，那就什么都不用做，直接返回就可以了；否则再看一下系统当前是否休眠状态，如果是的话，再看看要启动的Activity是否就是当前处于堆栈顶端的Activity，如果是的话，也是什么都不用做。
上面两个条件都不满足，因此，在继续往下执行之前，首先要把当处于Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态，然后才可以启动新的Activity。但是在将当前这个Resumed状态的Activity推入Paused状态之前，首先要看一下当前是否有Activity正在进入Pausing状态，如果有的话，当前这个Resumed状态的Activity就要稍后才能进入Paused状态了，这样就保证了所有需要进入Paused状态的Activity串行处理。
这里没有处于Pausing状态的Activity，即mPausingActivity为null，而且mResumedActivity也不为null，于是就调用startPausingLocked函数把Launcher推入Paused状态去了。
Step 11. ActivityStack.startPausingLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
private final void startPausingLocked(boolean userLeaving, boolean uiSleeping) {
if (mPausingActivity != null) {
......
}
ActivityRecord prev = mResumedActivity;
if (prev == null) {
......
}
......
mResumedActivity = null;
mPausingActivity = prev;
mLastPausedActivity = prev;
prev.state = ActivityState.PAUSING;
......
if (prev.app != null && prev.app.thread != null) {
......
try {
......
prev.app.thread.schedulePauseActivity(prev, prev.finishing, userLeaving,
prev.configChangeFlags);
......
} catch (Exception e) {
......
}
} else {
......
}
......
}
......
}
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函数首先把mResumedActivity保存在本地变量prev中。在上一步Step 10中，说到mResumedActivity就是Launcher，因此，这里把Launcher进程中的ApplicationThread对象取出来，通过它来通知Launcher这个Activity它要进入Paused状态了。当然，这里的prev.app.thread是一个ApplicationThread对象的远程接口，通过调用这个远程接口的schedulePauseActivity来通知Launcher进入Paused状态。
参数prev.finishing表示prev所代表的Activity是否正在等待结束的Activity列表中，由于Laucher这个Activity还没结束，所以这里为false；参数prev.configChangeFlags表示哪些config发生了变化，这里我们不关心它的值。
Step 12. ApplicationThreadProxy.schedulePauseActivity
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ApplicationThreadNative.java文件中：
class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {
......
public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(token);
data.writeInt(finished ? 1 : 0);
data.writeInt(userLeaving ? 1 :0);
data.writeInt(configChanges);
mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_PAUSE_ACTIVITY_TRANSACTION, data, null,
IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
data.recycle();
}
......
}
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这个函数通过Binder进程间通信机制进入到ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity函数中。
Step 13. ApplicationThread.schedulePauseActivity
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中，它是ActivityThread的内部类：
public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
......
public final void schedulePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) {
queueOrSendMessage(
finished ? H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY_FINISHING : H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY,
token,
(userLeaving ? 1 : 0),
configChanges);
}
......
}
......
}
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这里调用的函数queueOrSendMessage是ActivityThread类的成员函数。
上面说到，这里的finished值为false，因此，queueOrSendMessage的第一个参数值为H.PAUSE_ACTIVITY，表示要暂停token所代表的Activity，即Launcher。
###Step 14. ActivityThread.queueOrSendMessage
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1) {
queueOrSendMessage(what, obj, arg1, 0);
}
private final void queueOrSendMessage(int what, Object obj, int arg1, int arg2) {
synchronized (this) {
......
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
msg.obj = obj;
msg.arg1 = arg1;
msg.arg2 = arg2;
mH.sendMessage(msg);
}
}
......
}
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这里首先将相关信息组装成一个msg，然后通过mH成员变量发送出去，mH的类型是H，继承于Handler类，是ActivityThread的内部类，因此，这个消息最后由H.handleMessage来处理。
###Step 15. H.handleMessage
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final class H extends Handler {
......
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
......
switch (msg.what) {
......
case PAUSE_ACTIVITY:
handlePauseActivity((IBinder)msg.obj, false, msg.arg1 != 0, msg.arg2);
maybeSnapshot();
break;
......
}
......
}
......
}
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这里调用ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity进一步操作，msg.obj是一个ActivityRecord对象的引用，它代表的是Launcher这个Activity。
###Step 16. ActivityThread.handlePauseActivity
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityThread.java文件中：
public final class ActivityThread {
......
private final void handlePauseActivity(IBinder token, boolean finished,
boolean userLeaving, int configChanges) {
ActivityClientRecord r = mActivities.get(token);
if (r != null) {
//Slog.v(TAG, "userLeaving=" + userLeaving + " handling pause of " + r);
if (userLeaving) {
performUserLeavingActivity(r);
}
r.activity.mConfigChangeFlags |= configChanges;
Bundle state = performPauseActivity(token, finished, true);
// Make sure any pending writes are now committed.
QueuedWork.waitToFinish();
// Tell the activity manager we have paused.
try {
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().activityPaused(token, state);
} catch (RemoteException ex) {
}
}
}
......
}
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函数首先将Binder引用token转换成ActivityRecord的远程接口ActivityClientRecord，然后做了三个事情：1. 如果userLeaving为true，则通过调用performUserLeavingActivity函数来调用Activity.onUserLeaveHint通知Activity，用户要离开它了；2. 调用performPauseActivity函数来调用Activity.onPause函数，我们知道，在Activity的生命周期中，当它要让位于其它的Activity时，系统就会调用它的onPause函数；3. 它通知ActivityManagerService，这个Activity已经进入Paused状态了，ActivityManagerService现在可以完成未竟的事情，即启动MainActivity了。
###Step 17. ActivityManagerProxy.activityPaused
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/core/java/android/app/ActivityManagerNative.java文件中：
class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
......
public void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle state) throws RemoteException
{
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(token);
data.writeBundle(state);
mRemote.transact(ACTIVITY_PAUSED_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
data.recycle();
reply.recycle();
}
......
}
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这里通过Binder进程间通信机制就进入到ActivityManagerService.activityPaused函数中去了。
###Step 18. ActivityManagerService.activityPaused
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityManagerService.java文件中：
public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
......
public final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle) {
......
final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
mMainStack.activityPaused(token, icicle, false);
......
}
......
}
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这里，又再次进入到ActivityStack类中，执行activityPaused函数。
###Step 19. ActivityStack.activityPaused
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
final void activityPaused(IBinder token, Bundle icicle, boolean timeout) {
......
ActivityRecord r = null;
synchronized (mService) {
int index = indexOfTokenLocked(token);
if (index >= 0) {
r = (ActivityRecord)mHistory.get(index);
if (!timeout) {
r.icicle = icicle;
r.haveState = true;
}
mHandler.removeMessages(PAUSE_TIMEOUT_MSG, r);
if (mPausingActivity == r) {
r.state = ActivityState.PAUSED;
completePauseLocked();
} else {
......
}
}
}
}
......
}
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这里通过参数token在mHistory列表中得到ActivityRecord，从上面我们知道，这个ActivityRecord代表的是Launcher这个Activity，而我们在Step 11中，把Launcher这个Activity的信息保存在mPausingActivity中，因此，这里mPausingActivity等于r，于是，执行completePauseLocked操作。
Step 20. ActivityStack.completePauseLocked
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack {
......
private final void completePauseLocked() {
ActivityRecord prev = mPausingActivity;
......
if (prev != null) {
......
mPausingActivity = null;
}
if (!mService.mSleeping && !mService.mShuttingDown) {
resumeTopActivityLocked(prev);
} else {
......
}
......
}
......
}
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函数首先把mPausingActivity变量清空，因为现在不需要它了，然后调用resumeTopActivityLokced进一步操作，它传入的参数即为代表Launcher这个Activity的ActivityRecord。
###Step 21. ActivityStack.resumeTopActivityLokced
这个函数定义在frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am/ActivityStack.java文件中：
public class ActivityStack { ...... final boolean resumeTopActivityLocked(ActivityRecord prev) { ...... // Find the first activity that is not finishing. ActivityRecord next = topRunningActivityLocked(null); // Remember how we'll process this pause/resume situation, and ensure // that the state is reset however we wind up proceeding. final boolean userLeaving = mUserLeaving; mUserLeaving = false; ...... next.delayedResume = false; // If the top activity is the resumed one, nothing to do. if (mResumedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.RESUMED) { ...... return false; } // If we are sleeping, and there is no resumed activity, and the top // activity is paused, well that is the state we want. if ((mService.mSleeping || mService.mShuttingDown) && mLastPausedActivity == next && next.state == ActivityState.PAUSED) { ...... return false; } ....... // We need to start pausing the current activity so the top one // can be resumed... if (mResumedActivity != null) { ...... return true; } ...... if (next.app != null && next.app.thread != null) { ......} else { ...... startSpecificActivityLocked(next, true, true); }
return true;
}
......
}
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