JFreeChart简要教程

一、jFreeChart产生图形的流程
创建一个数据源(dataset)来包含将要在图形中显示的数据?????>>创建一个 JFreeChart 对象来代表要显示的图形
??????>>把图形输出
重要的类和接口:
org.jfree.data.general.Dataset 所有数据源类都要实现的接口
org.jfree.chart.ChartFactory 由它来产生 JFreeChart 对象
org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart 所有对图形的调整都是通过它噢!!
org.jfree.chart.plot.Plot 通过JFreeChart 对象获得它,然后再通过它对图形外部部分(例:坐标轴)调整
注意:它有很多子类,一般都下嗍造型到它的子类!
org.jfree.chart.renderer.AbstractRenderer 通过JFreeChart 对象获得它,然后再通过它对图形内部部分
(例:折线的类型)调整。同样,针对不同类型的报表图,它有
着不同的子类实现!在下面我们简称它为 Renderer
下面我们结合不同类型的图形来具体分析这个流程。

二、饼图
饼图的dataset 一般是用PieDataset 接口,具体实现类是 DefaultPieDataset
1、创建一个数据源(dataset):
private static PieDataset createDataset()
{
DefaultPieDataset defaultpiedataset = new DefaultPieDataset(); //注意是DefaultPieDataset!!
defaultpiedataset.setValue(”One”, new Double(43.200000000000003D));
defaultpiedataset.setValue(”Two”, new Double(10D));
defaultpiedataset.setValue(”Three”, new Double(27.5D));
defaultpiedataset.setValue(”Four”, new Double(17.5D));
return defaultpiedataset;
}
2、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象
private static JFreeChart createChart(PieDataset piedataset)
{
JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createPieChart(”Pie Chart Demo 1″, //图形标题名称
piedataset, // dataset
true, // legend?
true, // tooltips?
false); //URLs?
PiePlot pieplot = (PiePlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); //通过JFreeChart 对象获得 plot:PiePlot!!
pieplot.setNoDataMessage(”No data available”); // 没有数据的时候显示的内容
return jfreechart;
}
一些重要的方法:
pieplot.setExplodePercent(0,0.3D) //把Lable 为”One” 的那一块”挖”出来30%
3、输出略

三、柱状图
柱状图的dataset 一般是用CatagoryDataset接口(具体实现类是DefaultCategoryDataset),也会用 IntervalXYDataset
接口
1、创建一个数据源(dataset):
private static CategoryDataset createDataset()
{
String series1 = “First”;
String series2 = “Second”;
String series3 = “Third”;
String category1 = “Category 1″;
String category2 = “Category 2″;
String category3 = “Category 3″;
String category4 = “Category 4″;
String category5 = “Category 5″;
DefaultCategoryDataset defaultcategorydataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset();
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(1.0D, series1, category1);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series1, category2);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series1, category3);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, category4);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, category5);

defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series2, category1);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series2, category2);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series2, category3);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(8D, series2, category4);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series2, category5);

defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series3, category1);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, category2);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(2D, series3, category3);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, category4);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series3, category5);
return defaultcategorydataset;
}
2、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象
private static JFreeChart createChart(CategoryDataset categorydataset)
{
JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createBarChart(”Bar Chart Demo”, //图形标题名称
“Category”,//domain 轴 Lable
这里先简单理解为横坐标Lable好了
“Value”, //range 轴 Lable
这里也先简单理解为纵坐标Lable好了
categorydataset, // dataset
PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, //垂直显示
true, // legend?
true, // tooltips?
false); //URLs?
jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white); //设定背景色为白色
CategoryPlot categoryplot = jfreechart.getCategoryPlot(); //获得 plot:CategoryPlot!!
categoryplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray); //设定图表数据显示部分背景色
categoryplot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white); //横坐标网格线白色
categoryplot.setDomainGridlinesVisible(true); //可见
categoryplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white); //纵坐标网格线白色
//下面两行使纵坐标的最小单位格为整数
NumberAxis numberaxis = (NumberAxis)categoryplot.getRangeAxis();
numberaxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits());
BarRenderer barrenderer = (BarRenderer)categoryplot.getRenderer(); //获得renderer 注意这里是下嗍造型
到BarRenderer!!
barrenderer.setDrawBarOutline(false); // Bar的外轮廓线不画
GradientPaint gradientpaint = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F, Color.blue,
0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(0, 0, 64)); //设定特定颜色
GradientPaint gradientpaint1 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F, Color.green,
0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(0, 64, 0));
GradientPaint gradientpaint2 = new GradientPaint(0.0F, 0.0F, Color.red,
0.0F, 0.0F, new Color(64, 0, 0));
barrenderer.setSeriesPaint(0, gradientpaint); //给series1 Bar设定上面定义的颜色
barrenderer.setSeriesPaint(1, gradientpaint1); //给series2 Bar 设定上面定义的颜色
barrenderer.setSeriesPaint(2, gradientpaint2); //给series3 Bar 设定上面定义的颜色
CategoryAxis categoryaxis = categoryplot.getDomainAxis(); //横轴上的 Lable 45度倾斜
categoryaxis.setCategoryLabelPositions(CategoryLabelPositions.UP_45);
return jfreechart;
}
一些重要的方法:(增加一块标记)
IntervalMarker intervalmarker = new IntervalMarker(4.5D, 7.5D);
intervalmarker.setLabel(”Target Range”);
intervalmarker.setLabelFont(new Font(”SansSerif”, 2, 11));
intervalmarker.setLabelAnchor(RectangleAnchor.LEFT);
intervalmarker.setLabelTextAnchor(TextAnchor.CENTER_LEFT);
intervalmarker.setPaint(new Color(222, 222, 255, 128));
categoryplot.addRangeMarker(intervalmarker, Layer.BACKGROUND);

四、折线图
折线图的dataset 两种CatagoryDataset接口(具体实现类是DefaultCategoryDataset),XYDataset 接口
1、CatagoryDataset接口:
A、创建一个数据源(dataset):
private static CategoryDataset createDataset()
{
String series1 = “First”;
String series2 = “Second”;
String series3 = “Third”;
String type1 = “Type 1″;
String type2 = “Type 2″;
String type3 = “Type 3″;
String type4 = “Type 4″;
String type5 = “Type 5″;
String type6 = “Type 6″;
String type7 = “Type 7″;
String type8 = “Type 8″;
DefaultCategoryDataset defaultcategorydataset = new DefaultCategoryDataset();
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(1.0D, series1, type1);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series1, type2);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series1, type3);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, type4);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series1, type5);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series1, type6);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series1, type7);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(8D, series1, type8);

defaultcategorydataset.addValue(5D, series2, type1);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(7D, series2, type2);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series2, type3);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(8D, series2, type4);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series2, type5);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series2, type6);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(2D, series2, type7);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(1.0D, series2, type8);

defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series3, type1);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type2);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(2D, series3, type3);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type4);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(6D, series3, type5);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type6);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(4D, series3, type7);
defaultcategorydataset.addValue(3D, series3, type8);
return defaultcategorydataset;
}
B、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象 (与上面重复的部分就不再注释)
private static JFreeChart createChart(CategoryDataset categorydataset)
{
JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createLineChart(”Line Chart Demo 1″,
“Type”,
“Value”,
categorydataset,
PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,
true,
true,
false);
jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
CategoryPlot categoryplot = (CategoryPlot)jfreechart.getPlot();
categoryplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray);
categoryplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white);
NumberAxis numberaxis = (NumberAxis)categoryplot.getRangeAxis();
numberaxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits());
numberaxis.setAutoRangeIncludesZero(true);
//获得renderer 注意这里是下嗍造型到lineandshaperenderer!!
LineAndShapeRenderer lineandshaperenderer = (LineAndShapeRenderer)categoryplot.getRenderer();
lineandshaperenderer.setShapesVisible(true); //series 点(即数据点)可见
lineandshaperenderer.setSeriesStroke(0, new BasicStroke(2.0F, 1, 1, 1.0F, new float[] {
10F, 6F
}, 0.0F)); //定义series为”First”的(即series1)点之间的连线 ,这里是虚线,默认是直线
lineandshaperenderer.setSeriesStroke(1, new BasicStroke(2.0F, 1, 1, 1.0F, new float[] {
6F, 6F
}, 0.0F)); //定义series为”Second”的(即series2)点之间的连线
lineandshaperenderer.setSeriesStroke(2, new BasicStroke(2.0F, 1, 1, 1.0F, new float[] {
2.0F, 6F
}, 0.0F)); //定义series为”Third”的(即series3)点之间的连线
return jfreechart;
}
一些重要的方法:
lineandshaperenderer.setLineVisible(true) //series 点(即数据点)间有连线可见
2、XYDataset 接口:
A、创建一个数据源(dataset):
private static XYDataset createDataset()
{
XYSeries xyseries = new XYSeries(”First”); //先产生XYSeries 对象
xyseries.add(1.0D, 1.0D);
xyseries.add(2D, 4D);
xyseries.add(3D, 3D);
xyseries.add(4D, 5D);
xyseries.add(5D, 5D);
xyseries.add(6D, 7D);
xyseries.add(7D, 7D);
xyseries.add(8D, 8D);

XYSeries xyseries1 = new XYSeries(”Second”);
xyseries1.add(1.0D, 5D);
xyseries1.add(2D, 7D);
xyseries1.add(3D, 6D);
xyseries1.add(4D, 8D);
xyseries1.add(5D, 4D);
xyseries1.add(6D, 4D);
xyseries1.add(7D, 2D);
xyseries1.add(8D, 1.0D);

XYSeries xyseries2 = new XYSeries(”Third”);
xyseries2.add(3D, 4D);
xyseries2.add(4D, 3D);
xyseries2.add(5D, 2D);
xyseries2.add(6D, 3D);
xyseries2.add(7D, 6D);
xyseries2.add(8D, 3D);
xyseries2.add(9D, 4D);
xyseries2.add(10D, 3D);

XYSeriesCollection xyseriescollection = new XYSeriesCollection(); //再用XYSeriesCollection添加入XYSeries 对象
xyseriescollection.addSeries(xyseries);
xyseriescollection.addSeries(xyseries1);
xyseriescollection.addSeries(xyseries2);
return xyseriescollection;
}
B、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象
private static JFreeChart createChart(XYDataset xydataset)
{
JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createXYLineChart(”Line Chart Demo 2″,
“X”,
“Y”,
xydataset,
PlotOrientation.VERTICAL,
true,
true,
false);
jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
XYPlot xyplot = (XYPlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); //获得 plot:XYPlot!!
xyplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray); //设定图表数据显示部分背景色
xyplot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(5D, 5D, 5D, 5D)); //设定坐标轴与图表数据显示部分距离
xyplot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white); //网格线颜色
xyplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white);
//获得 renderer 注意这里是XYLineAndShapeRenderer !!
XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)xyplot.getRenderer();
xylineandshaperenderer.setShapesVisible(true); //数据点可见
xylineandshaperenderer.setShapesFilled(true); //数据点被填充即不是空心点
NumberAxis numberaxis = (NumberAxis)xyplot.getRangeAxis();
numberaxis.setStandardTickUnits(NumberAxis.createIntegerTickUnits());
return jfreechart;
}
一些重要的方法:
XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = new XYLineAndShapeRenderer();
xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesLinesVisible(0, false); //第一个XYSeries数据点间连线不可见
xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesShapesVisible(1, false); //第二个XYSeries数据点不可见
xyplot.setRenderer(xylineandshaperenderer);

五、时间序列图
时间序列图和折线图很相似,不同的是它在 domain轴的数据是时间而不是数字。 时间序列图的dataset 是
XYDataset 接口,具体实现类是TimeSeriesCollection ,和上面类似,有TimeSeries 对象,它被添加入
TimeSeriesCollection 。
1、创建一个数据源(dataset):
private static XYDataset createDataset()
{
TimeSeries timeseries = new TimeSeries(”L&G European Index Trust”,Month.class);
timeseries.add(new Month(2, 2001), 181.8D);//这里用的是Month.class,同样还有Day.class Year.class 等等
timeseries.add(new Month(3, 2001), 167.3D);
timeseries.add(new Month(4, 2001), 153.8D);
timeseries.add(new Month(5, 2001), 167.6D);
timeseries.add(new Month(6, 2001), 158.8D);
timeseries.add(new Month(7, 2001), 148.3D);
timeseries.add(new Month(8, 2001), 153.9D);
timeseries.add(new Month(9, 2001), 142.7D);
timeseries.add(new Month(10, 2001), 123.2D);
timeseries.add(new Month(11, 2001), 131.8D);
timeseries.add(new Month(12, 2001), 139.6D);
timeseries.add(new Month(1, 2002), 142.9D);
timeseries.add(new Month(2, 2002), 138.7D);
timeseries.add(new Month(3, 2002), 137.3D);
timeseries.add(new Month(4, 2002), 143.9D);
timeseries.add(new Month(5, 2002), 139.8D);
timeseries.add(new Month(6, 2002), 137D);
timeseries.add(new Month(7, 2002), 132.8D);

TimeSeries timeseries1 = new TimeSeries(”L&G UK Index Trust”,Month.class);
timeseries1.add(new Month(2, 2001), 129.6D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(3, 2001), 123.2D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(4, 2001), 117.2D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(5, 2001), 124.1D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(6, 2001), 122.6D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(7, 2001), 119.2D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(8, 2001), 116.5D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(9, 2001), 112.7D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(10, 2001), 101.5D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(11, 2001), 106.1D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(12, 2001), 110.3D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(1, 2002), 111.7D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(2, 2002), 111D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(3, 2002), 109.6D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(4, 2002), 113.2D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(5, 2002), 111.6D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(6, 2002), 108.8D);
timeseries1.add(new Month(7, 2002), 101.6D);
TimeSeriesCollection timeseriescollection = new TimeSeriesCollection();
timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries);
timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries1);
timeseriescollection.setDomainIsPointsInTime(true); //domain轴上的刻度点代表的是时间点而不是时间段
return timeseriescollection;
}
2、由ChartFactory 产生 JFreeChart 对象
private static JFreeChart createChart(XYDataset xydataset)
{
JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createTimeSeriesChart(”Legal & General Unit Trust Prices”,
“Date”,
“Price Per Unit”,
xydataset,
true,
true,
false);
jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);
XYPlot xyplot = (XYPlot)jfreechart.getPlot(); //获得 plot : XYPlot!!
xyplot.setBackgroundPaint(Color.lightGray);
xyplot.setDomainGridlinePaint(Color.white);
xyplot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.white);
xyplot.setAxisOffset(new RectangleInsets(5D, 5D, 5D, 5D));
xyplot.setDomainCrosshairVisible(true);
xyplot.setRangeCrosshairVisible(true);
org.jfree.chart.renderer.xy.XYItemRenderer xyitemrenderer = xyplot.getRenderer();
if(xyitemrenderer instanceof XYLineAndShapeRenderer)
{
XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)xyitemrenderer;
xylineandshaperenderer.setDefaultShapesVisible(true); //数据点可见
xylineandshaperenderer.setDefaultShapesFilled(true); //数据点是实心点
}
DateAxis dateaxis = (DateAxis)xyplot.getDomainAxis(); //对domain 轴上日期显示格式定义
dateaxis.setDateFormatOverride(new SimpleDateFormat(”MMM-yyyy”));
return jfreechart;
}
一些重要的方法:
A、增加标记线:
xyplot.addRangeMarker(new ValueMarker(550D)); //数值轴
Quarter quarter = new Quarter(2, 2002);
xyplot.addDomainMarker(new ValueMarker(quarter.getMiddleMillisecond())); //时间轴
B、数据点的调整
XYLineAndShapeRenderer xylineandshaperenderer = (XYLineAndShapeRenderer)xyplot.getRenderer();
xylineandshaperenderer.setDefaultShapesVisible(true); //数据点可见
xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesFillPaint(0, Color.red); //数据点填充为红色
xylineandshaperenderer.setSeriesFillPaint(1, Color.white); //数据点填充为白色
xylineandshaperenderer.setUseFillPaint(true); //应用
C、平均值曲线
这个曲线有什么用呢?很简单的例子,这里有一个以半年每天为单位的数据绘制的曲线,我们想看看以月为单位数据
的变化,这时就可以用到它了。
TimeSeries timeseries = createEURTimeSeries(); //就是以半年每天为单位的数据
TimeSeries timeseries1 = MovingAverage.createMovingAverage(timeseries,
“30 day moving average”,
30, //30天为一个周期
30); //最开始的30天跳过
TimeSeriesCollection timeseriescollection = new TimeSeriesCollection();
timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries);
timeseriescollection.addSeries(timeseries1);
return timeseriescollection;

六、总结一下
dataset plot renderer
饼图 PieDataset(DefaultPieDataset) PiePlot ——
柱状图 CatagoryDataset(DefaultCategoryDataset) CategoryPlot BarRenderer
折线图 CatagoryDataset(DefaultCategoryDataset) CategoryPlot LineAndShapeRenderer
XYDataset(XYSeriesCollection) XYPlot XYLineAndShapeRenderer
时间序列图 XYDataset (TimeSeriesCollection) XYPlot XYLineAndShapeRenderer
这里只是一些常用的方法,具体还是看API
七、Item Lable
这里以柱状图为例说明,具体来说就是在每个柱状上显示它的数据,具体有下面内容:
A、使 Item Lable 可见
B、调整 Item Lable 的颜色、字体等
C、调整 Item Lable 的位置
D、定制 Item Lable 的内容
1、分配一个 Lable Generator 给 renderer
BarRenderer barrenderer = (BarRenderer)categoryplot.getRenderer();
GategoryLableGenerator generator =new StandardGategoryLableGenerator(
“{2}”, new DecimalFormat(”0.00″) //调整显示的数字和字符格式
);
barrenderer.setLableGenerator(generator);
2、使 Item Lable 可见
barrenderer.setItemLableVisible(true);
3、调整 Item Lable 的颜色、字体等
barrenderer.setItemLablePaint(Color.red);
barrenderer.setItemLableFont(new Font(”SansSerif”,Font.PLAIN,10));
4、调整 Item Lable 的位置
这里涉及到一个新的对象 ItemLablePosition , ItemLablePosition的构造函数有两个或四个参数
public ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor itemLabelAnchor,
org.jfree.ui.TextAnchor textAnchor,
org.jfree.ui.TextAnchor rotationAnchor,
double angle)
itemLabelAnchor - Item Lable 的位置 (最重要的!!)
textAnchor - Item Lable里包含的正文相对于Item Lable 的位置
rotationAnchor - Item Lable里包含的正文旋转的位置
angle - 旋转的角度
ItemLabelPosition itemlabelposition = new ItemLabelPosition(ItemLabelAnchor.INSIDE12,
TextAnchor.CENTER_RIGHT,
TextAnchor.CENTER_RIGHT,
-1.57D);
barrenderer.setPositiveItemLabelPosition(itemlabelposition);
这样就可以每个柱状上显示它的数据了,当然可以定制 Item Lable 的内容,比如 Item Lable text 超过100的才
显示,这样就需要定制自己的类,它要实现GategoryLableGenerator 接口,实现generateItemLable()方法  

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