YAR 并行RPC框架研究

前几天,部门召开了PHP技术峰会 学习会议,大家分别对这次会议的PPT 做了简单的介绍,

其中提到了 鸟哥【惠新辰】的一篇PPT《微博LAMP 演变》,如果谁有需要可以去谷歌搜,或者去

http://www.laruence.com/2013/08/15/2913.html  他的博客去看一下,我就不提供下载链接了。

这篇PPT中提到了几个点: Yaf,Yac,Yar;我们会后也分任务对这些去做一些了解。

我选了Yar,去年5月份,因为一淘首页要做一次Bigpipe的改版,我用C写过一个并行化的PHP扩展,

对这些比较熟悉,就拿来对比一下。

好吧,步入正题:

Yar:yet another rpc,这是它的全称。

关于一些基本介绍 http://www.laruence.com/2012/09/15/2779.html 可以去 鸟哥的博客去了解下。

我也简单介绍下用法,下面的代码来自鸟哥的博客。

server.php
handle();
?>

实例化 Yar_server的时候,需要传递一个对象,然后会将我们提交的参数作为 这个对象的method来使用,其实这个做法就相当于是一个

简单的路由功能,它巧妙将 doc作为api的接口说明来使用,让我们get直接访问server.php的时候,看到的会是下面的页面:

整体来讲,yar分为两部分:server和client.

Server端:

上面有讲到server可以理解为一个简单的路由,它只是将我们的对象作为一种服务接口来使用,

它的主要流程如下:

实例化Yar_Server时,传递一个自定义API对象,将这个对象保留在 属性 _executor中,调用handle方法,

如果不是post请求,则只输出接口说明;

如果是post请求,接收api函数,读取post数据,检测 API对象中是否存在此方法,

如果存在就call_user_function_ex来执行此方法,如果不存在bailout。

看下代码


/* {{{ proto Yar_Server::__construct($obj, $protocol = NULL)
   initizing an Yar_Server object */
PHP_METHOD(yar_server, __construct) {
    zval *obj;
 
    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "o", &obj) == FAILURE) {
        return;
    }
//保存对象
    zend_update_property(yar_server_ce, getThis(), "_executor", sizeof("_executor")-1, obj TSRMLS_CC);
}
/* }}} */
 
/* {{{ proto Yar_Server::handle()
   start service */
PHP_METHOD(yar_server, handle)
{
    if (SG(headers_sent)) {
        php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "headers already has been sent");
        RETURN_FALSE;
    } else {
        const char *method;
        zval *executor = NULL;
 
        //获取对象
        executor = zend_read_property(yar_server_ce, getThis(), ZEND_STRL("_executor"), 0 TSRMLS_CC);
        if (!executor || IS_OBJECT != Z_TYPE_P(executor)) {
            php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "executor is not a valid object");
            RETURN_FALSE;
        }   
 
        method = SG(request_info).request_method;
        //是否是POST请求
        if (!method || strncasecmp(method, "POST", 4)) {
            if (YAR_G(expose_info)) {
                php_yar_server_info(executor TSRMLS_CC);
                RETURN_TRUE;
            } else {
                zend_throw_exception(yar_server_exception_ce, "server info is not allowed to access", YAR_ERR_FORBIDDEN TSRMLS_CC);
                return;
            }
        }
        //执行call_user_function_ex的操作
        php_yar_server_handle(executor TSRMLS_CC);
    }   
 
    RETURN_TRUE;
}
static void php_yar_server_handle(zval *obj TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */ {
    char *payload, *err_msg, method[256];
    size_t payload_len;
    zend_bool bailout = 0;
    zval *post_data = NULL, output, func;
    zend_class_entry *ce;
    yar_response_t *response;
    yar_request_t  *request = NULL;
    yar_header_t *header;
 
    response = php_yar_response_instance(TSRMLS_C);
    if (!SG(request_info).raw_post_data) {
        goto response_no_output;
    }
 //读取post数据
    payload = SG(request_info).raw_post_data;
    payload_len = SG(request_info).raw_post_data_length;
    if (!(header = php_yar_protocol_parse(payload TSRMLS_CC))) {
        php_yar_error(response, YAR_ERR_PACKAGER TSRMLS_CC, "malformed request header '%.10s'", payload TSRMLS_CC);
        DEBUG_S("0: malformed request '%s'", payload);
        goto response_no_output;
    }
 
    DEBUG_S("%ld: accpect rpc request form '%s'",
            header->id, header->provider? (char *)header->provider : "Yar PHP " YAR_VERSION);
 
    payload += sizeof(yar_header_t);
    payload_len -= sizeof(yar_header_t);
 
    if (!(post_data = php_yar_packager_unpack(payload, payload_len, &err_msg TSRMLS_CC))) {
        php_yar_error(response, YAR_ERR_PACKAGER TSRMLS_CC, err_msg);
        efree(err_msg);
        goto response_no_output;
    }
 
    request = php_yar_request_unpack(post_data TSRMLS_CC);
    zval_ptr_dtor(&post_data);
    ce = Z_OBJCE_P(obj);
    if (!php_yar_request_valid(request, response, &err_msg TSRMLS_CC)) {
        php_yar_error(response, YAR_ERR_REQUEST TSRMLS_CC, "%s", err_msg);
        efree(err_msg);
        goto response_no_output;
    }
 
#if ((PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 5) && (PHP_MINOR_VERSION < 4))
    if (php_start_ob_buffer(NULL, 0, 0 TSRMLS_CC) != SUCCESS) {
#else
    if (php_output_start_user(NULL, 0, PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_STDFLAGS TSRMLS_CC) == FAILURE) {
#endif
        php_yar_error(response, YAR_ERR_OUTPUT TSRMLS_CC, "start output buffer failed");
        goto response_no_output;
    }
 
    ce = Z_OBJCE_P(obj);
    zend_str_tolower_copy(method, request->method, request->mlen);
    if (!zend_hash_exists(&ce->function_table, method, strlen(method) + 1)) {
        php_yar_error(response, YAR_ERR_REQUEST TSRMLS_CC, "call to undefined api %s::%s()", ce->name, request->method);
        goto response;
    }
     ...................
    ZVAL_STRINGL(&func, request->method, request->mlen, 0);
//执行API方法。
        if (call_user_function_ex(NULL, &obj, &func, &retval_ptr, count, func_params, 0, NULL TSRMLS_CC) != SUCCESS) {
            if (func_params) {
                efree(func_params);
            }
            php_yar_error(response, YAR_ERR_REQUEST TSRMLS_CC, "call to api %s::%s() failed", ce->name, request->method);
            goto response;
        }
}

关键部分已经加了注释,代码写的也通俗易懂。

那现在看Client了:

我之前做的其实就相当于这个client,没有server端,只是用libcurl+epoll的事件模式去curl我们的接口,有数据返回时,执行

callback函数,看了yar代码之后,发现 ,思路其实很相似。

使用方法 :

Yar_Concurrent_Client::call方法接收四个参数,

第一个是访问的接口地址,

第二个是需要执行的方法,

第三个是传递的参数,

第四个就是回调函数。

还有第五个参数,一个数组,它用来设置options,默认为空。

这些所有信息保存在 _callstack属性中。

由Yar_Concurrent_Client::loop()统一发送 接收epoll事件,当发现有一个读事件时,读到所有数据然后调用callback。

在扩展实现中有一个数据结构:

typedef struct _yar_call_data {
    ulong sequence;
    char *uri; //调用的url接口
    uint ulen;
    char *method;//需要执行的方法
    uint mlen;
    zval *callback;//callback函数
    zval *ecallback;
    zval *parameters;//传递的参数
    zval *options;
} yar_call_data_t;

他保存所有call设置的参数,在执行loop时,会从这里拿这些信息,
/* {{{ proto Yar_Concurrent_Client::loop($callback = NULL, $error_callback) */
PHP_METHOD(yar_concurrent_client, loop) {
    char *name = NULL;
    zval *callstack;
    zval *callback = NULL, *error_callback = NULL;
    zval *status;
    uint ret = 0;
 
    if (zend_parse_parameters(ZEND_NUM_ARGS() TSRMLS_CC, "|zz", &callback, &error_callback) == FAILURE) {
        return;
    }
 
    status = zend_read_static_property(yar_concurrent_client_ce, ZEND_STRL("_start"), 0 TSRMLS_CC);
    if (Z_BVAL_P(status)) {
        php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "concurrent client has already started");
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }
 
    if (callback && !ZVAL_IS_NULL(callback) &&
            !zend_is_callable(callback, 0, &name
#if ((PHP_MAJOR_VERSION == 5) && (PHP_MINOR_VERSION > 2))
                TSRMLS_CC
#endif
                )) {
        php_error_docref1(NULL TSRMLS_CC, name, E_ERROR, "first argument is expected to be a valid callback");
        efree(name);
        RETURN_FALSE;
    }
    if (name) {
        efree(name);
    }
 
    callstack = zend_read_static_property(yar_concurrent_client_ce, ZEND_STRL("_callstack"), 0 TSRMLS_CC);
    if (ZVAL_IS_NULL(callstack) || zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(callstack)) == 0) {
        RETURN_TRUE;
    }
 
    if (callback && !ZVAL_IS_NULL(callback)) {
        zend_update_static_property(yar_concurrent_client_ce, ZEND_STRL("_callback"), callback TSRMLS_CC);
    }
 
    if (error_callback && !ZVAL_IS_NULL(error_callback)) {
        zend_update_static_property(yar_concurrent_client_ce, ZEND_STRL("_error_callback"), error_callback TSRMLS_CC);
    }
 
    ZVAL_BOOL(status, 1);
//这里就是很关键的地方了。
    ret = php_yar_concurrent_client_handle(callstack TSRMLS_CC);
    ZVAL_BOOL(status, 0);
    RETURN_BOOL(ret);
}

client关键的地方在php_yar_concurrent_client_handle函数中:

在这之前,有几个比较重要的数据结构:


typedef struct _yar_curl_multi_data_t {
    CURLM *cm;
    yar_transport_interface_t *chs; //指向 _yar_transport_interface
} yar_curl_multi_data_t;
 
typedef struct _yar_transport_interface {
    void *data;
//创建一个新的curl句柄,curl_easy_init
    int  (*open)(struct _yar_transport_interface *self, char *address, uint len, long options, char **msg TSRMLS_DC);
    int  (*send)(struct _yar_transport_interface *self, struct _yar_request *request, char **msg TSRMLS_DC);
//发送curl请求读取数据
    struct _yar_response * (*exec)(struct _yar_transport_interface *self, struct _yar_request *request TSRMLS_DC);
    int  (*setopt)(struct _yar_transport_interface *self, long type, void *value, void *addition TSRMLS_DC);
    int  (*calldata)(struct _yar_transport_interface *self, yar_call_data_t *calldata TSRMLS_DC);
    void (*close)(struct _yar_transport_interface *self TSRMLS_DC);
} yar_transport_interface_t;
 
typedef struct _yar_transport_multi_interface {
    void *data;
//添加multi的cm句柄。
    int (*add)(struct _yar_transport_multi_interface *self, yar_transport_interface_t *cp TSRMLS_DC);
//轮询epoll事件,分别执行 _yar_transport_interface 的exec
    int (*exec)(struct _yar_transport_multi_interface *self, yar_concurrent_client_callback *callback TSRMLS_DC);
    void (*close)(struct _yar_transport_multi_interface *self TSRMLS_DC);
} yar_transport_multi_interface_t;
 
typedef struct _yar_transport_multi {
    struct _yar_transport_multi_interface * (*init)(TSRMLS_D);
} yar_transport_multi_t;
 
typedef struct _yar_transport {
    const char *name;  //请求方式,curl or socket
    struct _yar_transport_interface * (*init)(TSRMLS_D); //初始化参数
    void (*destroy)(yar_transport_interface_t *self TSRMLS_DC);
    yar_transport_multi_t *multi;
} yar_transport_t;

上面的函数指针代码量比较大,我就不贴代码了。

下面看 php_yar_concurrent_client_handle喊。

int php_yar_concurrent_client_handle(zval *callstack TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */ {
    char *dummy, *msg;
    ulong sequence;
    zval **calldata;
    yar_request_t *request;
    yar_transport_t *factory;
    yar_transport_interface_t *transport;
    yar_transport_multi_interface_t *multi;
    //以curl方式执行。
    factory = php_yar_transport_get(ZEND_STRL("curl") TSRMLS_CC);
//执行 php_yar_curl_multi_init进行curl_multi_init的初始化
    multi = factory->multi->init(TSRMLS_C);
//读取callstack数据
    for(zend_hash_internal_pointer_reset(Z_ARRVAL_P(callstack));
            zend_hash_has_more_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(callstack)) == SUCCESS;
            zend_hash_move_forward(Z_ARRVAL_P(callstack))) {
        yar_call_data_t *entry;
        long flags = 0;
 
        if (zend_hash_get_current_data(Z_ARRVAL_P(callstack), (void**)&calldata) == FAILURE) {
            continue;
        }   
 
        ZEND_FETCH_RESOURCE_NO_RETURN(entry, yar_call_data_t *, calldata, -1, "Yar Call Data", le_calldata);
 
        if (!entry) {
            continue;
        }   
 
        zend_hash_get_current_key(Z_ARRVAL_P(callstack), &dummy, &sequence, 0); 
 
        if (!entry->parameters) {
            zval *tmp;
            MAKE_STD_ZVAL(tmp);
            array_init(tmp);
            entry->parameters = tmp;
        }
       //执行 php_yar_curl_init 初始化 yar_transport_interface_t结构
        transport = factory->init(TSRMLS_C);
 
        if (YAR_G(allow_persistent)) {
            if (entry->options) {
                zval *flag = php_yar_client_get_opt(entry->options, YAR_OPT_PERSISTENT TSRMLS_CC);
                if (flag && (Z_TYPE_P(flag) == IS_BOOL || Z_TYPE_P(flag) == IS_LONG) && Z_LVAL_P(flag)) {
                    flags |= YAR_PROTOCOL_PERSISTENT;
                }
        if (!(request = php_yar_request_instance(entry->method, entry->mlen, entry->parameters, entry->options TSRMLS_CC))) {
            transport->close(transport TSRMLS_CC);
            factory->destroy(transport TSRMLS_CC);
            return 0;
        }
 //执行 php_yar_curl_open ,创建easy curl句柄,执行curl_easy_init
        if (!transport->open(transport, entry->uri, entry->ulen, flags, &msg TSRMLS_CC)) {
            php_yar_client_trigger_error(1 TSRMLS_CC, YAR_ERR_TRANSPORT, msg TSRMLS_CC);
            transport->close(transport TSRMLS_CC);
            factory->destroy(transport TSRMLS_CC);
            efree(msg);
            return 0;
        }
 
        DEBUG_C("%ld: call api '%s' at (%c)'%s' with '%d' parameters",
                request->id, request->method, (flags & YAR_PROTOCOL_PERSISTENT)? 'p' : 'r', entry->uri,
                zend_hash_num_elements(Z_ARRVAL_P(request->parameters)));
 
        if (!transport->send(transport, request, &msg TSRMLS_CC)) {
            php_yar_client_trigger_error(1 TSRMLS_CC, YAR_ERR_TRANSPORT, msg TSRMLS_CC);
            transport->close(transport TSRMLS_CC);
            factory->destroy(transport TSRMLS_CC);
            efree(msg);
            return 0;
        }
 
        transport->calldata(transport, entry TSRMLS_CC);
        multi->add(multi, transport TSRMLS_CC);
        php_yar_request_destroy(request TSRMLS_CC);
    }
//执行epoll事件,读取数据,并通过php_yar_concurrent_client_callback执行callback函数。
    if (!multi->exec(multi, php_yar_concurrent_client_callback TSRMLS_CC)) {
        multi->close(multi TSRMLS_CC);
        return 0;
    }
    multi->close(multi TSRMLS_CC);
    return 1;
 
}

在执行multi->exec 时,如果所有数据已经读取成功,就会调用 php_yar_concurrent_client_callback函数,它也是执行 call_user_function_ex的地方,这样我们设置的callback函数也就执行成功了。

Client 看代码的过程比较绕,原因就是上面的几个结构,
yar_transport_t;
yar_transport_multi_t;
yar_transport_multi_interface_t;
yar_transport_interface_t;

关键的是yar_transport_multi_t和yar_transport_interface_t,

我们要并行几个接口,创建几个 yar_transport_interface_t结构,它保存了curl_easy句柄,

yar_transport_interface_t 创建完成后,调用 yar_transport_multi_t->php_yar_curl_multi_add_handle函数,将

yar_transport_interface_t 指针添加到yar_curl_multi_data_t->chs中,所有的curl句柄添加完后执行

yar_transport_multi_t->php_yar_curl_multi_exec,执行epoll事件模型,所有数据读取结束后 调用

yar_concurrent_client_callback执行我们传递的callback函数,就是这样。

原文出处: http://www.imsiren.com/archives/867


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