python assert和exception的区别

As for disabling them, when running python in optimized mode, where __debug__ is False, assert statements will be ignored. Just pass the -O flag:

python -O script.py

__debug__：如果程序运行时不带-O参数，则为True；反之则为False。
https://docs.python.org/3/reference/simple_stmts.html#assert

也就是， assert 可以在程序正式运行时关闭，只用于单元测试；exception是一定会报错。

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参考：

1. What is the use of “assert” in Python?;
2. Python3 try-except、raise和assert解析