Schema语法

XSD元素

定义元素的语法:

"xxx" type="yyy"/>

Schema常用类型:

xs:string
xs:decimal
xs:integer
xs:boolean
xs:date
xs:time

例子：

这是一些XML元素：

<lastname>Refsneslastname>
<age>36age>
<dateborn>1970-03-27dateborn>

元素的定义:

"lastname" type="xs:string"/>
"age" type="xs:integer"/>
"dateborn" type="xs:date"/>

元素的默认值和固定值

元素可拥有指定的默认值或固定值。
当没有其他的值被规定时，默认值就会自动分配给元素。
下面的例子中，缺省值是”red”

"color" type="xs:string" default="red"/>

固定值同样会自动分配给元素，并且无法规定另外一个值

"color" type="xs:string" fixed="red"/>

XSD属性

定义属性的语法:

"xxx" type="yyy"/>

可选的属性和必须的属性

在缺省的情况下，属性是可选的。如果规定属性为必选，使用”use”属性

"lang" type="xs:string" use="required"/>

XML示例

示例1：

Myfamily.xml

<persons xmlns="http://www.sync.sz"
         xmlns:child="http://www.sync.sz.children"
         xmlns:gender="http://www.sync.sz.attr"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.sync.sz family.xsd
                             http://www.sync.sz.attr attribute.xsd">

    <person>
        <firstname>yourfirstname>
        <lastname>fatherlastname>
    person>

    <person>
        <firstname>babafirstname>
        <lastname>nidelastname>
        <child:children>
            <child:childname>ssonchild:childname>
        child:children>
    person>

    <person gender:gender="female">
        <firstname>yoursfirstname>
        <lastname>falastname>
        <child:children>
            <child:childname>sons1child:childname>
        child:children>
    person>


persons>

family.xsd:

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz"
           elementFormDefault="qualified">
    <xs:element name="persons">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:annotation>
                <xs:documentation source="description">
                    any元素使我们有能力通过未被 schema 规定的元素来拓展 XML 文档！
                    anyAttribute 元素使我们有能力通过未被 schema 规定的属性来扩展 XML 文档！
                xs:documentation>
            xs:annotation>
            <xs:all>
                <xs:element name="person">
                    <xs:complexType>
                        <xs:sequence>
                            <xs:element name="firstname" type="xs:string"/>
                            <xs:element name="lastname" type="xs:string"/>
                            <xs:any minOccurs="0"/>
                        xs:sequence>
                        <xs:anyAttribute/>
                    xs:complexType>
                xs:element>
            xs:all>
        xs:complexType>
    xs:element>

xs:schema>

clilden.xsd

<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
        targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz.children"
        elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <xs:element name="children">
        <xs:complexType>
            <xs:sequence>
                <xs:element name="childname" type="xs:string"
                            maxOccurs="unbounded"/>
            xs:sequence>
        xs:complexType>
    xs:element>


schema>

attribute.xsd:

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz.attr"
           elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <xs:attribute name="gender">
        <xs:simpleType>
            <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
                <xs:pattern value="male|female"/>
            xs:restriction>
        xs:simpleType>
    xs:attribute>


xs:schema>

示例2：

shiporder_refactor.xml:

<shiporder xmlns="http://www.sync.sz"
           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.sync.sz shiporder_refactor.xsd" orderid="a1">

    <orderperson>synczzzorderperson>

    <shipto>
        <name>aaaname>
        <address>shenzhenbaoanquaddress>
        <city>shenzhencity>
        <country>chinacountry>
    shipto>

    <item>
        <title>abcatitle>
        <quantity>12quantity>
        <price>99.9price>
    item>
    <item>
        <title>asdtitle>
        <quantity>12quantity>
        <price>99.9price>
    item>
    <item>
        <title>aasdasdbcatitle>
        <quantity>12quantity>
        <price>99.9price>
    item>

shiporder>

shiporder_refactor.xsd:

<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
           targetNamespace="http://www.sync.sz"
           elementFormDefault="qualified">

    <xs:simpleType name="stringtype">
        <xs:restriction base="xs:string"/>
    xs:simpleType>

    <xs:simpleType name="inttype">
        <xs:restriction base="xs:positiveInteger"/>
    xs:simpleType>

    <xs:simpleType name="dectype">
        <xs:restriction base="xs:decimal"/>
    xs:simpleType>

    <xs:simpleType name="orderidtype">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="description">简单类型元素xs:documentation>
        xs:annotation>
        <xs:restriction base="xs:string">
            <xs:pattern value="[0-9]{6}"/>
        xs:restriction>
    xs:simpleType>

    <xs:complexType name="shiptotype">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="description">复杂类型元素xs:documentation>
        xs:annotation>
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="name" type="stringtype"/>
            <xs:element name="address" type="stringtype"/>
            <xs:element name="city" type="stringtype"/>
            <xs:element name="country" type="stringtype"/>
        xs:sequence>
    xs:complexType>

    <xs:complexType name="itemtype">
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="title" type="stringtype"/>
            <xs:element name="note" type="stringtype" minOccurs="0"/>
            <xs:element name="quantity" type="inttype"/>
            <xs:element name="price" type="dectype"/>
        xs:sequence>
    xs:complexType>

    <xs:attribute name="orderid" type="stringtype">

    xs:attribute>

    <xs:complexType name="shipordertype">
        <xs:annotation>
            <xs:documentation source="description">通过type引用复杂类型或者简单类型,ref引用元素属性xs:documentation>
        xs:annotation>
        <xs:sequence>
            <xs:element name="orderperson" type="stringtype" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="shipto" type="shiptotype" maxOccurs="1" minOccurs="1"/>
            <xs:element name="item" type="itemtype" maxOccurs="unbounded" minOccurs="1"/>
        xs:sequence>
        <xs:attribute ref="orderid" use="required"/>
    xs:complexType>

    <xs:element name="shiporder" type="shipordertype"/>

xs:schema>