Lua之Web编程：像Node.js一样写Lua应用：Luvit

luvit是什么？它是目前Lua这个小众语言中较为流行的一个开源框架，给那些习惯使用Lua的开发者一个机会向写Node.js一样用Lua进行开发，它是Lua的Node.js.在Gitlab上，项目的描述对于Luvit是这样描述的：Lua + libUV + jIT = pure awesomesauce。

概要信息

项目	说明
官方网站	https://luvit.io/
开源/闭源	开源
License类别	Apache License 2.0
代码管理地址	https://github.com/luvit/luvit
开发语言	Lua
支持平台	可运行于Linux/Windows/MacOS等多种操作系统
当前版本	2.14.2 （2017/06/15）

安装

提供了安装脚本进行一键安装，但是版本不是最新，如果需要最新的版本，可以从源码开始

curl -L https://github.com/luvit/lit/raw/master/get-lit.sh | sh

安装日志

[root@kong ~]# curl -L https://github.com/luvit/lit/raw/master/get-lit.sh | sh
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   127  100   127    0     0     57      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:--    57
100   567  100   567    0     0    192      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:--  1788
Downloading https://github.com/luvit/luvi/releases/download/v2.7.6/luvi-regular-Linux_x86_64 to luvi
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   615    0   615    0     0    280      0 --:--:--  0:00:02 --:--:--   280
100 4261k  100 4261k    0     0   481k      0  0:00:08  0:00:08 --:--:-- 1007k
Downloading https://lit.luvit.io/packages/luvit/lit/v3.5.4.zip to lit.zip
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  234k  100  234k    0     0  91459      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:-- 91488
lit version: 3.5.4
luvi version: v2.7.6
command: make lit.zip lit luvi
create config: /root/.litconfig
compiling filter: ** excludes by default (first rule is positive)
including: commands/README
including: commands/add.lua
including: commands/auth.lua
including: commands/claim.lua
including: commands/config.lua
including: commands/down.lua
including: commands/get-luvi.lua
including: commands/help.lua
including: commands/init.lua
including: commands/install.lua
including: commands/ls.lua
including: commands/make.lua
including: commands/publish.lua
including: commands/serve.lua
including: commands/share.lua
including: commands/sync.lua
including: commands/unclaim.lua
including: commands/up.lua
including: commands/update.lua
including: init.lua
including: libs/api.lua
including: libs/auto-updater.lua
including: libs/autoconfig.lua
including: libs/calculate-deps.lua
including: libs/codec.lua
including: libs/core.lua
including: libs/db-fs.lua
including: libs/db.lua
including: libs/exec.lua
including: libs/export-zip.lua
including: libs/export.lua
including: libs/get-installed.lua
including: libs/github-request.lua
including: libs/handlers.lua
including: libs/import.lua
including: libs/install-deps.lua
including: libs/log.lua
including: libs/metrics.lua
including: libs/pkg.lua
including: libs/rdb.lua
including: libs/rules.lua
including: libs/snapshots.lua
including: libs/stats.lua
including: libs/verify-signature.lua
including: libs/vfs.lua
including: luvit-loader.lua
including: main.lua
including: package.lua
including dependency: base64 (deps/base64.lua)
including dependency: coro-channel (deps/coro-channel.lua)
including dependency: coro-fs (deps/coro-fs.lua)
including dependency: coro-http (deps/coro-http.lua)
including dependency: coro-net (deps/coro-net.lua)
including dependency: coro-spawn (deps/coro-spawn.lua)
including dependency: coro-split (deps/coro-split.lua)
including dependency: coro-websocket (deps/coro-websocket.lua)
including dependency: coro-wrapper (deps/coro-wrapper.lua)
including dependency: git (deps/git/)
including dependency: http-codec (deps/http-codec.lua)
including dependency: json (deps/json.lua)
including dependency: md5 (deps/md5.lua)
including dependency: pathjoin (deps/pathjoin.lua)
including dependency: pretty-print (deps/pretty-print.lua)
including dependency: prompt (deps/prompt.lua)
including dependency: querystring (deps/querystring.lua)
including dependency: readline (deps/readline.lua)
including dependency: resource (deps/resource.lua)
including dependency: secure-socket (deps/secure-socket/)
including dependency: semver (deps/semver.lua)
including dependency: sha1 (deps/sha1.lua)
including dependency: ssh-rsa (deps/ssh-rsa.lua)
including dependency: ustring (deps/ustring.lua)
including dependency: weblit-app (deps/weblit-app.lua)
including dependency: weblit-auto-headers (deps/weblit-auto-headers.lua)
including dependency: weblit-websocket (deps/weblit-websocket.lua)
including dependency: websocket-codec (deps/websocket-codec.lua)
compiling filter: deps/git/** excludes by default (first rule is positive)
including: core.lua
including: db.lua
including: init.lua
including: package.lua
including: storage.lua
creating binary: /root/lit
using luvi from: /root/luvi
inserting luvi: /root/luvi
storing: commands/add.lua
compiling: commands/auth.lua (9.9% reduction)
storing: commands/claim.lua
storing: commands/config.lua
storing: commands/down.lua
compiling: commands/get-luvi.lua (20.7% reduction)
storing: commands/help.lua
compiling: commands/init.lua (14.9% reduction)
storing: commands/install.lua
compiling: commands/ls.lua (2.6% reduction)
storing: commands/make.lua
storing: commands/publish.lua
compiling: commands/serve.lua (19% reduction)
storing: commands/share.lua
storing: commands/sync.lua
storing: commands/unclaim.lua
storing: commands/up.lua
compiling: commands/update.lua (23.3% reduction)
compiling: deps/base64.lua (29.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/coro-channel.lua (19.7% reduction)
storing: deps/coro-fs.lua
compiling: deps/coro-http.lua (30.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/coro-net.lua (18.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/coro-spawn.lua (44% reduction)
compiling: deps/coro-split.lua (34.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/coro-websocket.lua (34.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/coro-wrapper.lua (66.1% reduction)
compiling: deps/git/core.lua (3.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/git/db.lua (18.7% reduction)
storing: deps/git/init.lua
storing: deps/git/package.lua
compiling: deps/git/storage.lua (34.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/http-codec.lua (37.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/json.lua (30.7% reduction)
storing: deps/md5.lua
compiling: deps/pathjoin.lua (33.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/pretty-print.lua (30.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/prompt.lua (43.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/querystring.lua (35.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/readline.lua (18.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/resource.lua (31.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/secure-socket/biowrap.lua (31.8% reduction)
compiling: deps/secure-socket/context.lua (27.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/secure-socket/init.lua (52.5% reduction)
storing: deps/secure-socket/package.lua
compiling: deps/semver.lua (28.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/sha1.lua (27.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/ssh-rsa.lua (16.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/ustring.lua (37.1% reduction)
compiling: deps/weblit-app.lua (14.8% reduction)
compiling: deps/weblit-auto-headers.lua (50.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/weblit-websocket.lua (35.8% reduction)
compiling: deps/websocket-codec.lua (18.2% reduction)
storing: init.lua
compiling: libs/api.lua (30.9% reduction)
compiling: libs/auto-updater.lua (29% reduction)
compiling: libs/autoconfig.lua (32.3% reduction)
compiling: libs/calculate-deps.lua (30.4% reduction)
compiling: libs/codec.lua (31.2% reduction)
compiling: libs/core.lua (14% reduction)
compiling: libs/db-fs.lua (29.5% reduction)
compiling: libs/db.lua (38.2% reduction)
compiling: libs/exec.lua (45.1% reduction)
compiling: libs/export-zip.lua (36.4% reduction)
compiling: libs/export.lua (36.6% reduction)
compiling: libs/get-installed.lua (45.9% reduction)
compiling: libs/github-request.lua (49.8% reduction)
compiling: libs/handlers.lua (18.1% reduction)
compiling: libs/import.lua (27.6% reduction)
compiling: libs/install-deps.lua (38.4% reduction)
compiling: libs/log.lua (60.7% reduction)
compiling: libs/metrics.lua (56.8% reduction)
compiling: libs/pkg.lua (36.9% reduction)
compiling: libs/rdb.lua (22.2% reduction)
compiling: libs/rules.lua (29.7% reduction)
compiling: libs/snapshots.lua (12.6% reduction)
compiling: libs/stats.lua (1.5% reduction)
compiling: libs/verify-signature.lua (40.8% reduction)
compiling: libs/vfs.lua (29.9% reduction)
compiling: luvit-loader.lua (29.8% reduction)
compiling: main.lua (24.3% reduction)
compiling: package.lua (14.8% reduction)
done building: /root/lit
done: success

lit version: 3.5.4
luvi version: v2.7.6
command: make lit://luvit/luvit luvit luvi
load config: /root/.litconfig
connecting: wss://lit.luvit.io/
fetching: 1 object
fetching: 1 object
fetching: 4 objects
using snapshot: ab0b6ace5a16a88e6fbb4c8da0083c40cf1d6803
creating binary: /root/luvit
using luvi from: /root/luvi
fetching: 1 object
fetching: 1 object
fetching: 27 objects
fetching: 16 objects
inserting luvi: /root/luvi
compiling: deps/buffer.lua (16.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/childprocess.lua (19.1% reduction)
compiling: deps/codec.lua (35.3% reduction)
compiling: deps/core.lua (57.3% reduction)
compiling: deps/dgram.lua (25.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/dns.lua (25.1% reduction)
compiling: deps/fs.lua (6.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/helpful.lua (42.7% reduction)
compiling: deps/hooks.lua (83.3% reduction)
compiling: deps/http-codec.lua (37.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/http-header.lua (59.4% reduction)
compiling: deps/http.lua (29.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/https.lua (45.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/json.lua (30.7% reduction)
compiling: deps/los.lua (76.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/net.lua (13.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/path/base.lua (24.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/path/init.lua (49.7% reduction)
storing: deps/path/package.lua
compiling: deps/pathjoin.lua (33.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/pretty-print.lua (30.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/process.lua (17.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/querystring.lua (35.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/readline.lua (18.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/repl.lua (28.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/require.lua (24.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/resource.lua (31.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/init.lua (55.6% reduction)
storing: deps/stream/package.lua
compiling: deps/stream/stream_core.lua (38.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/stream_duplex.lua (49.7% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/stream_observable.lua (50.8% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/stream_passthrough.lua (65.3% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/stream_readable.lua (48.2% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/stream_transform.lua (62% reduction)
compiling: deps/stream/stream_writable.lua (43% reduction)
compiling: deps/thread.lua (38.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/timer.lua (24% reduction)
compiling: deps/tls/common.lua (14.9% reduction)
compiling: deps/tls/init.lua (26.1% reduction)
compiling: deps/tls/lcrypto.lua (46.8% reduction)
compiling: deps/tls/package.lua (2.6% reduction)
compiling: deps/url.lua (32.8% reduction)
compiling: deps/ustring.lua (37.5% reduction)
compiling: deps/utils.lua (39.7% reduction)
compiling: init.lua (43.5% reduction)
compiling: main.lua (21.6% reduction)
compiling: package.lua (21.1% reduction)
storing: test.lua
done building: /root/luvit
done: success

[root@kong ~]# 

安装结果确认

[root@kong ~]# ./lit --version
lit version: 3.5.4
luvi version: v2.7.6
[root@kong ~]# ./luvi --version
./luvi v2.7.6
rex: 8.37 2015-04-28
libuv: 1.9.1
ssl: OpenSSL 1.0.2h  3 May 2016, lua-openssl 0.5.1
[root@kong ~]# ./luvit --version
luvit version: 2.14.2
luvi version: v2.7.6
rex version: 8.37 2015-04-28
libuv version: 1.9.1
ssl version: OpenSSL 1.0.2h  3 May 2016, lua-openssl 0.5.1
[root@kong ~]#

拷贝至PATH搜索目录

[root@kong ~]# cp lit /usr/local/bin
[root@kong ~]# cp luvi /usr/local/bin
[root@kong ~]# cp luvit /usr/local/bin
[root@kong ~]# 
[root@kong ~]# which luvi
/usr/local/bin/luvi
[root@kong ~]# which lit
/usr/local/bin/lit
[root@kong ~]# which luvit
/usr/local/bin/luvit
[root@kong ~]#

Lua界的Node.js

一个Node.js的HelloWorld的server.js可能是这样的，运行则是使用node server.js

var http = require('http');

http.createServer(function (req, res) {
  var body = 'Hello world\n';
  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain');
  res.setHeader('Content-Length', body.length);
  res.end(body);
}).listen(1337, '127.0.0.1');

console.log('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/');

而Luvit的HelloWorld的Server.lua则是这样的，运行则是使用luvit server.lua

[root@kong ~]# cat server.lua 
local http = require('http')

http.createServer(function (req, res)
  local body = 'Hello world\n'
  res:setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain')
  res:setHeader("Content-Length", #body)
  res:finish(body)
end):listen(1337, '127.0.0.1')

print('Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/')
[root@kong ~]#

运行结果为：

[root@kong ~]# luvit server.lua 
Server running at http://127.0.0.1:1337/

确认结果：

[root@kong ~]# curl http://localhost:1337
Hello world
[root@kong ~]#