关键字: oracle 日期处理

导读:
  TO_DATE格式
  Day:   
  dd    number     12
  dy    abbreviated  fri     
  day   spelled out  friday            
  ddspth  spelled out,  ordinal  twelfth
  Month:  
  mm    number     03
  mon   abbreviated  mar
  month  spelled out  march 
  Year:             
  yy    two digits  98
  yyyy   four digits  1998  
  
  24小时格式下时间范围为: 0:00:00 - 23:59:59....
  12小时格式下时间范围为: 1:00:00 - 12:59:59 ....  
  1.
  日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)   
  
  2.
  select to_char( to_date(222,'J'),'Jsp') from dual
  
  显示Two Hundred Twenty-Two
  
  3.
  求某天是星期几
  select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day') from dual; 
  星期一
  select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual; 
  monday  
  设置日期语言
  ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE='AMERICAN';
  也可以这样
  TO_DATE ('2002-08-26', 'YYYY-mm-dd', 'NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American')
  
  4.
  两个日期间的天数
  select floor(sysdate - to_date('20020405','yyyymmdd')) from dual;
  
  5.   时间为null的用法
  select id, active_date from table1
  UNION
  select 1, TO_DATE(null) from dual;
  
  注意要用TO_DATE(null)
  
  6. 
  a_date between to_date('20011201','yyyymmdd') and to_date('20011231','yyyymmdd')
  那么12月31号中午12点之后和12月1号的12点之前是不包含在这个范围之内的。
  所以,当时间需要精确的时候,觉得to_char还是必要的
  7.   日期格式冲突问题
  输入的格式要看你安装的ORACLE字符集的类型, 比如: US7ASCII, date格式的类型就是: '01-Jan-01'
  alter system set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
  alter session set NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American
  或者在to_date中写
  select to_char(to_date('2002-08-26','yyyy-mm-dd'),'day','NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE = American') from dual; 
  注意我这只是举了NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE,当然还有很多,
  可查看
  select * from nls_session_parameters
  select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS
  
  日期和字符转换函数用法(to_date,to_char)
  We overwrite NLS_DATE_FORMAT into different formats for the session. 
  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'DD-MON-RR'; Session altered.
  SQL> set pagesize 0
  SQL> set linesize 130
  SQL> select * from nls_session_parameters;
  NLS_LANGUAGE          AMERICAN
  NLS_TERRITORY         AMERICA
  NLS_CURRENCY          $
  NLS_ISO_CURRENCY        AMERICA
  NLS_NUMERIC_CHARACTERS     .,
  NLS_CALENDAR          GREGORIAN
  NLS_DATE_FORMAT        DD-MON-RR
  NLS_DATE_LANGUAGE       AMERICAN
  NLS_SORT            BINARY
  NLS_TIME_FORMAT        HH.MI.SSXFF AM
  NLS_TIMESTAMP_FORMAT      DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM
  NLS_TIME_TZ_FORMAT       HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZH:TZM
  NLS_TIMESTAMP_TZ_FORMAT    DD-MON-RR HH.MI.SSXFF AM TZH:TZM
  NLS_DUAL_CURRENCY       $
  NLS_COMP            BINARY
  15 rows selected.
  specify it in SQL statement:
  
  SQL> select to_date('03-SEP-1999','DD-MON-YYYY') from dual;
  03-SEP-99
  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'MM-DD-YYYY';
  Session altered.
  
  SQL> select to_date('03-SEP-99','DD-MON-YY') from dual;
  TO_DATE('0
  ----------
  09-03-1999 
  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'RRRR-MM-DD';
  Session altered. 
  
  SQL> select to_date('03-SEP-1999','DD-MON-YYYY') from dual;
  TO_DATE('0
  ----------
  1999-09-03 
  
  When we use TO_CHAR function, we get expected results of format from current SQL statement: 
  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'MM-DD-YY';
  Session altered. 
  SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mm-yyyy') from dual;
  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MM-YYYY') 
  07-09-1999 
  SQL> alter session set nls_date_format = 'RR-MON-DD';
  Session altered. 
  SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-mon-yy') from dual;
  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YY') 
  07-sep-99 
  SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'dd-Mon-yy') from dual;
  TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DD-MON-YY') 
  07-Sep-99
  8.
  select count(*) 
  from ( select rownum-1 rnum 
  from all_objects 
  where rownum <= to_date('2002-02-28','yyyy-mm-dd') - to_date('2002-
  02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+1 
  ) 
  where to_char( to_date('2002-02-01','yyyy-mm-dd')+rnum-1, 'D' )
  not 
  in ( '1', '7' )
  
  查找2002-02-28至2002-02-01间除星期一和七的天数
  在前后分别调用DBMS_UTILITY.GET_TIME, 让后将结果相减(得到的是1/100秒, 而不是毫秒).  
  
  9.
  select months_between(to_date('01-31-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'), 
  to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL; 
  1
  
  select months_between(to_date('02-01-1999','MM-DD-YYYY'),  
  to_date('12-31-1998','MM-DD-YYYY')) "MONTHS" FROM DUAL; 
  
  1.03225806451613
  10.   Next_day的用法
  Next_day(date, day)
  
  Monday-Sunday, for format code DAY   
  Mon-Sun, for format code DY     
  1-7, for format code D 
  
  11   
  select to_char(sysdate,'hh:mi:ss') TIME from all_objects
  注意:第一条记录的TIME 与最后一行是一样的
  可以建立一个函数来处理这个问题
  create or replace function sys_date return date is 
  begin 
  return sysdate; 
  end; 
  
  select to_char(sys_date,'hh:mi:ss') from all_objects; 
  12.
  获得小时数
  
  SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM TIMESTAMP '2001-02-16 2:38:40') from offer
  SQL>  select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh') from dual;
  
  SYSDATE       TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH')
  -------------------- ---------------------
  2003-10-13 19:35:21 07
  
  SQL>  select sysdate ,to_char(sysdate,'hh24') from dual;
  
  SYSDATE       TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'HH24')
  -------------------- -----------------------
  2003-10-13 19:35:21 19
  
  获取年月日与此类似
  13.
  年月日的处理
  select older_date,
  newer_date,
  years,
  months,
  abs(
  trunc(
  newer_date-
  add_months( older_date,years*12+months )
  )
  ) days
  from ( select 
  trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )/12) YEARS,
  mod(trunc(months_between( newer_date, older_date )), 
  12 ) MONTHS,
  newer_date,
  older_date
  from ( select hiredate older_date,
  add_months(hiredate,rownum)+rownum newer_date
  from emp )
  )
  
  14.
  处理月份天数不定的办法
  select to_char(add_months(last_day(sysdate) +1, -2), 'yyyymmdd'),last_day(sysdate) from dual
  
  16.
  找出今年的天数
  select add_months(trunc(sysdate,'year'), 12) - trunc(sysdate,'year') from dual
  
  闰年的处理方法
  to_char( last_day( to_date('02' || :year,'mmyyyy') ), 'dd' )
  如果是28就不是闰年
  
  17.
  yyyy与rrrr的区别
  'YYYY99 TO_C
  ------- ----
  yyyy 99 0099
  rrrr 99 1999
  yyyy 01 0001
  rrrr 01 2001
  
  18.不同时区的处理
  select to_char( NEW_TIME( sysdate, 'GMT','EST'), 'dd/mm/yyyy hh:mi:ss') ,sysdate
  from dual; 
  
  19.
  5秒钟一个间隔
  Select TO_DATE(FLOOR(TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')/300) * 300,'SSSSS') ,TO_CHAR(sysdate,'SSSSS')
  from dual
  
  2002-11-1 9:55:00 35786
  SSSSS表示5位秒数
  
  20.
  一年的第几天
  select TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'DDD'),sysdate from dual 
  310 2002-11-6 10:03:51
  
  21.计算小时,分,秒,毫秒
  select
  Days,
  A,
  TRUNC(A*24)                   Hours,
  TRUNC(A*24*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24))         Minutes,
  TRUNC(A*24*60*60 - 60*TRUNC(A*24*60))      Seconds,
  TRUNC(A*24*60*60*100 - 100*TRUNC(A*24*60*60))  mSeconds
  from
  (
  select
  trunc(sysdate)       Days,
  sysdate - trunc(sysdate)   A
  from dual
  )
  
  
  9i以上版本
  -----------------------------
  SQL>select to_char(systimestamp,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ssxff') time1,
  to_char(current_timestamp) time2 from dual;
  
  TIME1             TIME2
  ----------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------
  2003-10-24 10:48:45.656000  24-OCT-03 10.48.45.656000 AM +08:00
  可以看到,毫秒在to_char中对应的是FF。
  
  SQL> select to_timestamp('2003-10-24 10:48:45.656000','yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ssxff') from dual;
  
  TO_TIMESTAMP('2003-10-2410:48:
  -------------------------------------------------
  24-10月-03 10.48.45.656000000 上午
  
  22.
  floor((date2-date1) /365) 作为年
  floor((date2-date1, 365) /30) 作为月
  mod(mod(date2-date1, 365), 30)作为日.
  23.next_day函数
  next_day(sysdate,6)是从当前开始下一个星期五。后面的数字是从星期日开始算起。 
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
  日 一 二 三 四 五 六 
  
  24.取出一个时间段中星期日星期六的天数
  function weekends( p_date1 in date, p_date2 in date )
  return number
  as
  l_date1 date default least(p_date1,p_date2);
  l_date2 date default greatest(p_date1,p_date2);
  l_days number default trunc(l_date2-l_date1)+1;
  l_cnt  number;
  begin
  select count(*) into l_cnt
  from (select rownum r 
  from all_objects where rownum <= l_days)
  where to_char(l_date1+r-1,'dy') in ( 'sat','sun' );
  
  return l_cnt;
  end;

本文转自
http://yfddht1573.javaeye.com/blog/186285

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