Linux poll机制精彩分析
2011-07-17 16:32
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原始地址:http://blogold.chinaunix.net/u3/102839/showart_2283496.html (偶这里有一定改动)
所有的系统调用,基于都可以在它的名字前加上“sys_”前缀,这就是它在内核中对应的函数。比如系统调用open、read、write、poll,与之对应的内核函数为:sys_open、sys_read、sys_write、sys_poll。
对于系统调用poll或select,它们对应的内核函数都是sys_poll。分析sys_poll,即可理解poll机制。
一、内核框架
1.1 sys_poll函数
sys_poll函数源代码:它对超时参数稍作处理后,直接调用do_sys_poll。
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- asmlinkage long sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds,
- long timeout_msecs)
- {
- s64 timeout_jiffies;
- if (timeout_msecs > 0) {
- #if HZ > 1000
-
- if (timeout_msecs / 1000 > (s64)0x7fffffffffffffffULL / (s64)HZ)
- timeout_jiffies = -1;
- else
- #endif
-
- timeout_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(timeout_msecs);
- }
- else {
-
- timeout_jiffies = timeout_msecs;
- }
- return do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, &timeout_jiffies);
- }
asmlinkage long sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds, long timeout_msecs) { s64 timeout_jiffies; if (timeout_msecs > 0) { #if HZ > 1000 /* We can only overflow if HZ > 1000 */ if (timeout_msecs / 1000 > (s64)0x7fffffffffffffffULL / (s64)HZ) timeout_jiffies = -1; else #endif timeout_jiffies = msecs_to_jiffies(timeout_msecs); } else { /* Infinite (< 0) or no (0) timeout */ timeout_jiffies = timeout_msecs; } return do_sys_poll(ufds, nfds, &timeout_jiffies); }
1.2 do_sys_poll函数
do_sys_poll函数也位于位于fs/select.c文件中,我们忽略其他代码:
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- int do_sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds, s64 *timeout)
- {
- ……
- poll_initwait(&table);
- ……
-
- fdcount = do_poll(nfds, head, &table, timeout);
- ……
- }
int do_sys_poll(struct pollfd __user *ufds, unsigned int nfds, s64 *timeout) { …… poll_initwait(&table); …… fdcount = do_poll(nfds, head, &table, timeout); …… }
poll_initwait
函数非常简单,它初始化一个
poll_wqueues
变量
table
:
poll_initwait > init_poll_funcptr(&pwq->pt, __pollwait); > pt->qproc = qproc;
即table->pt->qproc = __pollwait,__pollwait将在驱动的poll函数里用到。
1.3 do_poll函数
源代码如下:
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- static int do_poll(unsigned int nfds, struct poll_list *list,
- struct poll_wqueues *wait, struct timespec *end_time)
- {
- poll_table* pt = &wait->pt;
- ktime_t expire, *to = NULL;
- int timed_out = 0, count = 0;
- unsigned long slack = 0;
-
-
- if (end_time && !end_time->tv_sec && !end_time->tv_nsec) {
- pt = NULL;
- timed_out = 1;
- }
-
- if (end_time && !timed_out)
- slack = estimate_accuracy(end_time);
-
- for (;;) {
- struct poll_list *walk;
-
- for (walk = list; walk != NULL; walk = walk->next) {
- struct pollfd * pfd, * pfd_end;
-
- pfd = walk->entries;
- pfd_end = pfd + walk->len;
- for (; pfd != pfd_end; pfd++) {
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- if (do_pollfd(pfd, pt)) {
- count++;
- pt = NULL;
- }
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
- pt = NULL;
- if (!count) {
- count = wait->error;
- if (signal_pending(current))
- count = -EINTR;
- }
- if (count || timed_out)
- break;
-
-
-
-
-
-
- if (end_time && !to) {
- expire = timespec_to_ktime(*end_time);
- to = &expire;
- }
-
- if (!poll_schedule_timeout(wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, to, slack))
- timed_out = 1;
- }
- return count;
- }
"code"
class="cpp">
static int do_poll(unsigned int nfds, struct poll_list *list, struct poll_wqueues *wait, struct timespec *end_time) { poll_table* pt = &wait->pt; ktime_t expire, *to = NULL; int timed_out = 0, count = 0; unsigned long slack = 0; /* Optimise the no-wait case */ if (end_time && !end_time->tv_sec && !end_time->tv_nsec) { pt = NULL; timed_out = 1; } if (end_time && !timed_out) slack = estimate_accuracy(end_time); for (;;) { struct poll_list *walk; for (walk = list; walk != NULL; walk = walk->next) { struct pollfd * pfd, * pfd_end; pfd = walk->entries; pfd_end = pfd + walk->len; for (; pfd != pfd_end; pfd++) { /* * Fish for events. If we found one, record it * and kill the poll_table, so we don't * needlessly register any other waiters after * this. They'll get immediately deregistered * when we break out and return. */ if (do_pollfd(pfd, pt)) { count++; pt = NULL; } } } /* * All waiters have already been registered, so don't provide * a poll_table to them on the next loop iteration. */ pt = NULL; if (!count) { count = wait->error; if (signal_pending(current)) count = -EINTR; } if (count || timed_out) break; /* * If this is the first loop and we have a timeout * given, then we convert to ktime_t and set the to * pointer to the expiry value. */ if (end_time && !to) { expire = timespec_to_ktime(*end_time); to = &expire; } if (!poll_schedule_timeout(wait, TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE, to, slack)) timed_out = 1; } return count; }
注意:应用程序执行
poll
调用后,如果①②的条件不满足,进程就会进入休眠。那么,谁唤醒呢?除了休眠到指定时间被系统唤醒外,还可以被驱动程序唤醒──记住这点,这就是为什么驱动的
poll
里要调用
poll_wait
的原因
1.4 do_pollfd函数
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- static inline unsigned int do_pollfd(struct pollfd *pollfd, poll_table *pwait)
- {
- ……
- if (file->f_op && file->f_op->poll)
- mask = file->f_op->poll(file, pwait);
- ……
- }
static inline unsigned int do_pollfd(struct pollfd *pollfd, poll_table *pwait) { …… if (file->f_op && file->f_op->poll) mask = file->f_op->poll(file, pwait); …… }
其实就是调用驱动程序里面,咱们自己实现的poll函数。
二、驱动程序
驱动程序里与poll相关的地方有两处:
一是构造file_operation结构时,要定义自己的poll函数;
二是通过poll_wait来调用上面说到的__pollwait函数,poll_wait的代码如下:
[cpp] view plain copy print ?
- static inline void poll_wait(struct file * filp, wait_queue_head_t * wait_address, poll_table *p)
- {
- if (p && wait_address)
- p->qproc(filp, wait_address, p);
- }
static inline void poll_wait(struct file * filp, wait_queue_head_t * wait_address, poll_table *p) { if (p && wait_address) p->qproc(filp, wait_address, p); }poll_wait的作用是把进程加入poll_table中,以供系统唤醒。(前面说过饿)
执行到驱动程序的
poll_wait
函数时,进程并没有休眠,我们的驱动程序里实现的
poll
函数是不会引起休眠的。让进程进入休眠,是前面分析的
do_sys_poll
函数。
poll_wait只是把本进程挂入某个队列,应用程序调用poll > sys_poll > do_sys_poll > poll_initwait,do_poll > do_pollfd > 我们自己写的poll函数后,再调用schedule_timeout进入休眠。如果我们的驱动程序发现情况就绪,可以把这个队列上挂着的进程唤醒。可见,poll_wait的作用,只是为了让驱动程序能找到要唤醒的进程。即使不用poll_wait,我们的程序也有机会被唤醒:chedule_timeout(__timeout),只是休眠__time_out这段时间。
三,总结
现在来总结一下poll机制:
1. poll > sys_poll > do_sys_poll > poll_initwait,poll_initwait函数注册一下回调函数__pollwait,它就是我们的驱动程序执行poll_wait时,真正被调用的函数。
2. 接下来执行file->f_op->poll,即我们驱动程序里自己实现的poll函数
它会调用poll_wait把自己挂入某个队列,这个队列也是我们的驱动自己定义的;
它还判断一下设备是否就绪。
3. 如果设备未就绪,do_sys_poll里会让进程休眠一定时间
4. 进程被唤醒的条件有2:一是上面说的“一定时间”到了,二是被驱动程序唤醒。驱动程序发现条件就绪时,就把“某个队列”上挂着的进程唤醒。
这个队列,就是前面通 过
poll_wait
把本进程挂过去的队列。
5.
如果驱动程序没有去唤醒进程,那么
chedule_timeout(__timeou)
超时后,会重复
2
、
3
动作,直到应用程序的
poll
调用传入的时间到达。