Linux离线安装MySQL 5.7(最详细)

安装版本 MySQL 5.7.30

1. 首先在官网下载Linux 64位mysql版本的tar.gz包，解压、写配置文件。

[root@master ~]# mv  mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz  /usr/local
[root@master ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@master local]# tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@master local]# mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@master local]# mkdir mysql/arch mysql/data mysql/tmp
[root@master local]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-slave-start

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
#thread_concurrency = 32 

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

# 每台机器上的MySQL用server-id来做区分，所以做集群或主从时，server-id必须不一样。
server-id  = 1739
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

# binlog_format有3种方式
binlog_format = ROW
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days = 7

innodb_write_io_threads=16

relay-log  = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log
relay-log-index = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.index
relay_log_info_file= /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.info

log_slave_updates=1
gtid_mode=OFF
enforce_gtid_consistency=OFF

# slave
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON

#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
sync_binlog = 500


#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G;ibdata2:1G:autoextend

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 4
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 200M

#根据生产需要，调整pool size 
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M #deprecated in 5.6
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql/tmp

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 1000
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

2.创建用户组及用户

[root@master local]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@master local]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@master local]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)

注：一般不需要设置mysqladmin的密码，直接从root或者LDAP用户sudo切换
#[root@master local]# passwd mysqladmin
Changing password for user mysqladmin.
New UNIX password: 
BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic
Retype new UNIX password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.


## if user mysqladmin is existing,please execute the following command of usermod.
#[root@master local]# usermod -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin

#copy 环境变量配置文件至mysqladmin用户的home目录中,为了以下步骤配置个人环境变量
[root@master local]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql  

3.配置环境变量

[root@master local]# vi mysql/.bashrc
export MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:$PATH
unset USERNAME
#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1
## end

4.赋权

[root@master local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf 
[root@master local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf  
[root@master local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@master local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql 

5.配置服务及开机自启动

[root@master local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
#将服务文件拷贝到init.d下，并重命名为mysql
[root@master mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql 
#赋予可执行权限
[root@master mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
#删除服务
[root@master mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
#添加服务
[root@master mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@master mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
[root@master mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh
#
# This script will be executed *after* all the other init scripts.
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
#添加下面这句
su - mysqladmin -c "/etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"

6.安装libaio及安装mysql的初始db

[root@master mysql]# yum -y install libaio
[root@master mysql]# sudo su - mysqladmin
//初始化mysql
master.ruoze:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:> bin/mysqld \
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf \
--user=mysqladmin \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ \
--initialize
在初始化时如果加上 –initial-insecure，则会创建空密码的 root@localhost 账号，否则会创建带密码的 root@localhost 账号，密码直接写在 log-error 日志文件中
（在5.6版本中是放在 ~/.mysql_secret 文件里，更加隐蔽，不熟悉的话可能会无所适从）


#查看临时密码
master.ruoze:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>cat data/hostname.err | grep password 
2017-07-22T02:15:29.439671Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ?6S.0l2fh84w

7.启动mysql

master.ruoze:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
master.ruoze:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>mysql -uroot -p'?6S.0l2fh84w'

mysql> alter user root@localhost identified by 'mypasswd';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypasswd' ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

8.重启

master.ruoze:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:> service mysql restart
master.ruoze:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql/data:>mysql -uroot -pmypasswd

9.重新部署mysql，该怎么办？

//删除两个文件夹
rm -rf mysql/arch/*  binlog文件夹
rm -rf mysql/data/*  数据文件

//初始化mysql
bin/mysqld \
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf \
--user=mysqladmin \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ \
--initialize

参考文章：https://github.com/Hackeruncle/MySQL