Spring Boot学习分享(四)——Spring Boot单元测试的使用

Spring Boot使用单元测试 （Controller以及Shiro的测试）

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如果你是按照maven生成的文件夹结构存放类文件，需要注意的是test文件夹的包名要和main文件夹的一样，Test类需要和启动类的包名一样，不然单元测试会找不到启动类

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一 测试Controller

spring boot整合spring mvc之前关于web测试的插件，其测试类的注解以简化为

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class AppTest {
	// 模拟MVC对象，通过MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build()初始化。
    private MockMvc mockMvc;
    // 注入WebApplicationContext
    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext wac;    @Before
    public void setup() {
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac).build();
    }
}

其测试类的编写是通过调用mockMvc的方法来模拟web交互，举个例子

@Test
public void testGetUserList() throws Exception {
   MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(get("/getAllUser"))
   .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果    
   System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
}

传参自然也是可以做到的，若要传JSON数据，可以使用JSON操作类将数据转化为json格式

@Test
public void testRegister() throws Exception {
	 MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(post("/UserRegister")
                .accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8"))
                .param("name", "1234")
                .param("password", "1234"))
                .andReturn();// 返回执行请求的结果
        System.out.println(result.getResponse().getContentAsString());
    }

使用时注意get和post方法的调用，否则测试时会报错

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二 Shiro测试

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个人见解：mockMVC并不适合用来调试shiro，博主在测试使用shiro的登陆验证后并不能对权限进行进一步验证，而且shiro的注解并不能被解析，shiro的过滤只能通过一开始的配置实现。。。，能测试的也只有这个功能

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在shiro的各种配置没有问题的情况下，如果测试时出现了如下的报错

org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Request processing failed; nested exception is org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException: EL1008E: Property or field 'timestamp' cannot be found on object of type 'java.util.HashMap' - maybe not public?

	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:982)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doPost(FrameworkServlet.java:872)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:661)
	at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
	at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.TestDispatcherServlet.service(TestDispatcherServlet.java:65)
	at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:742)
	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain$ServletFilterProxy.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:160)
	at org.springframework.mock.web.MockFilterChain.doFilter(MockFilterChain.java:127)
	at org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc.perform(MockMvc.java:155)
	at com.lvluo.blog.AppTest.testRegister(AppTest.java:70)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
	at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
	at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:26)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestMethodCallbacks.java:75)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestMethodCallbacks.java:86)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.SpringRepeat.evaluate(SpringRepeat.java:84)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:94)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)
	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
	at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:191)
	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
	at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:47)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:242)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:70)
Caused by: org.springframework.expression.spel.SpelEvaluationException: EL1008E: Property or field 'timestamp' cannot be found on object of type 'java.util.HashMap' - maybe not public?

则原因有三个，一个可能是shiro的过滤器没有添加进测试环境，这种情况的就解决方案如下：

        DefaultMockMvcBuilder builder = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(wac);
        builder.addFilters((javax.servlet.Filter) wac.getBean("shiroFilter"));
        mockMvc = builder.build();

其中的shiroFilter为shiro过滤器的bean名
而另外一种情况则是shiro的权限验证问题，测试环境下默认注解比初始化时直接在filter的bean那边配置要低，这就可能造成上述出错
最后一种就是get和post方法不匹配，写的时候要注意

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