在我们开始训练我们的Haar分类器之前,首先要对样本进行处理。
人脸识别的尝试系列(一)中:http://blog.csdn.net/u011583927/article/details/44627493
我们已经提到了如何准备我们的样本,在如下图准备好样本之后
需要在cmd窗口中调用类似如下的命令生成vec文件
opencv_createsamples.exe–vec pos.vec –info pos_image.txt –bg neg_image.txt –w 24 –h 24 –num 400
那么具体是如何生成的vec文件的,下面是具体的实现代码以及根据我个人理解加上的详细注释
为方便大家理解,代码中插入了两张图片,分别展示了相应区域代码的执行结果
/*
* createsamples.cpp 生成vec文件的可执行程序的具体实现
*
* Create test/training samples 利用描述正样本和负样本的txt文件创建vec文件
* 命令行示例:
opencv_createsamples.exe –vec pos.vec –info pos_image.txt –bg neg_image.txt –w 24 –h 24 –num 400
*需要先将命令行的地址调到当前文件夹下
*/
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
#include "cvhaartraining.h"
#include "ioutput.h"
int main( int argc, char* argv[] )
{
//参数初始化
int i = 0;
char* nullname = (char*)"(NULL)";
char* vecname = NULL; /* .vec file name */
char* infoname = NULL; //file name with marked up image descriptions正样本描述文件路径
char* imagename = NULL; /* single sample image 单个正样本图片*/
char* bgfilename = NULL; /* background 负样本描述文件路径 */
int num = 1000;
int bgcolor = 0;
int bgthreshold = 80;
int invert = 0;
int maxintensitydev = 40;// max_intensity_deviation
double maxxangle = 1.1;
double maxyangle = 1.1;
double maxzangle = 0.5;
bool showsamples = false;
/* the samples are adjusted to this scale in the sample preview window */
double scale = 4.0;
int width = 24;
int height = 24;
bool pngoutput = false; /* whether to make the samples in png or in jpg*/
srand((unsigned int)time(0));
//如果只输入opencv_createsamples.exe 相当于查看命令行参数使用
if( argc == 1 )
{
printf( "Usage: %s\n [-info ]\n"
" [-img ]\n"
" [-vec ]\n"
" [-bg ]\n [-num ]\n"
" [-bgcolor ]\n"
" [-inv] [-randinv] [-bgthresh ]\n"
" [-maxidev ]\n"
" [-maxxangle ]\n"
" [-maxyangle ]\n"
" [-maxzangle ]\n"
" [-show []]\n"
" [-w ]\n [-h ]\n"
" [-pngoutput]",
argv[0], num, bgcolor, bgthreshold, maxintensitydev,
maxxangle, maxyangle, maxzangle, scale, width, height );
return 0;
}
for( i = 1; i < argc; ++i )
{
//strcmp(str1,str2)函数:比较两个字符串。
//相等返回0;str1>str2返回正数;str1 0 && argv[i+1][0] != '-' )
{
double d;
d = strtod( argv[i+1], 0 );
if( d != -HUGE_VAL && d != HUGE_VAL && d > 0 ) scale = d;
++i;
}
}
else if( !strcmp( argv[i], "-w" ) )
{
width = atoi( argv[++i] );
}
else if( !strcmp( argv[i], "-h" ) )
{
height = atoi( argv[++i] );
}
else if( !strcmp( argv[i], "-pngoutput" ) )
{
pngoutput = true;
}
}
printf( "Info file name: %s\n", ((infoname == NULL) ? nullname : infoname ) );
printf( "Img file name: %s\n", ((imagename == NULL) ? nullname : imagename ) );
printf( "Vec file name: %s\n", ((vecname == NULL) ? nullname : vecname ) );
printf( "BG file name: %s\n", ((bgfilename == NULL) ? nullname : bgfilename ) );
printf( "Num: %d\n", num );
printf( "BG color: %d\n", bgcolor );
printf( "BG threshold: %d\n", bgthreshold );
printf( "Invert: %s\n", (invert == CV_RANDOM_INVERT) ? "RANDOM"
: ( (invert) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" ) );
printf( "Max intensity deviation: %d\n", maxintensitydev );
printf( "Max x angle: %g\n", maxxangle );
printf( "Max y angle: %g\n", maxyangle );
printf( "Max z angle: %g\n", maxzangle );
printf( "Show samples: %s\n", (showsamples) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" );
if( showsamples )
{
printf( "Scale applied to display : %g\n", scale );
}
if( !pngoutput)
{
printf( "Original image will be scaled to:\n");
printf( "\tWidth: $backgroundWidth / %d\n", width );
printf( "\tHeight: $backgroundHeight / %d\n", height );
}
/* determine action (通过关键命令)确定行为*/
if( imagename && vecname )
{
printf( "Create training samples from single image applying distortions...\n" );
cvCreateTrainingSamples( vecname, imagename, bgcolor, bgthreshold, bgfilename,
num, invert, maxintensitydev,
maxxangle, maxyangle, maxzangle,
showsamples, width, height );
printf( "Done\n" );
}
else if( imagename && bgfilename && infoname)
{
printf( "Create data set from single image applying distortions...\n"
"Output format: %s\n",
(( pngoutput ) ? "PNG" : "JPG") );
std::auto_ptr creator;
if( pngoutput )
{
creator = std::auto_ptr( new PngDatasetGenerator( infoname ) );
}
else
{
creator = std::auto_ptr( new JpgDatasetGenerator( infoname ) );
}
creator->create( imagename, bgcolor, bgthreshold, bgfilename, num,
invert, maxintensitydev, maxxangle, maxyangle, maxzangle,
showsamples, width, height );
printf( "Done\n" );
}
else if( infoname && vecname )
{
//生成vec文件,我们使用的这种命令
//命令包括正样本描述文件的文件名,准备生成的vec文件的文件名
int total;
printf( "Create training samples from images collection...\n" );
total = cvCreateTrainingSamplesFromInfo( infoname, vecname, num, showsamples,
width, height );
printf( "Done. Created %d samples\n", total );
}
else if( vecname )
{
//查看vec文件
//命令不包含正样本文件,背景样本文件,单个正样本图像,只包含vec文件路径
printf( "View samples from vec file (press ESC to exit)...\n" );
cvShowVecSamples( vecname, width, height, scale );
printf( "Done\n" );
}
else
{
printf( "Nothing to do\n" );
}
return 0;
}
cvCreateTrainingSamplesFromInfo函数的具体实现
为方便理解,对应于上面我们输入的命令来进行解释
-infoname pos_image.txt 正样本描述文件文件名
-vecfilename pos.vec 这个参数相当于指定创建的vec文件的名字,函数执行前这个vec文件并不存在
-num 400 正样本总数
-showsamples false 是否显示样本
-width
-height
int cvCreateTrainingSamplesFromInfo( const char* infoname, const char* vecfilename,
int num,
int showsamples,
int winwidth, int winheight )
{
char fullname[PATH_MAX];
char* filename;
FILE* info;
FILE* vec;
IplImage* src=0;
IplImage* sample;
int line;
int error;
int i;
int x, y, width, height;
int total;
/*
#include
void assert( int expression );
assert的作用是现计算表达式 expression ,如果其值为假(即为0),那么它先向stderr打印一条出错信息,然后通过调用 abort 来终止程序运行。*/
assert( infoname != NULL );
assert( vecfilename != NULL );
total = 0;
if( !icvMkDir( vecfilename ) )
{
// icvMkDir()
//个人理解:判断文件名vecfilename是否只包含文件名,不包含路径
//例如:pos.veg返回1 D:\\pos.veg返回0
//若只包含文件名,返回1,否则返回0
#if CV_VERBOSE
fprintf( stderr, "Unable to create directory hierarchy: %s\n", vecfilename );
#endif /* CV_VERBOSE */
return total;
}
info = fopen( infoname, "r" );//以只读方式打开文件infoname,若文件不存在不创建该文件(即返回null)
if( info == NULL )
{
#if CV_VERBOSE
fprintf( stderr, "Unable to open file: %s\n", infoname );
#endif /* CV_VERBOSE */
return total;
}
vec = fopen( vecfilename, "wb" );// 以二进制写方式打开文件,若文件不存在则创建该文件
if( vec == NULL )
{
#if CV_VERBOSE
fprintf( stderr, "Unable to open file: %s\n", vecfilename );
#endif /* CV_VERBOSE */
fclose( info );
return total;
}
//创建一个单通道byte图像
sample = cvCreateImage( cvSize( winwidth, winheight ), IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1 );
//写vec文件头
icvWriteVecHeader( vec, num, sample->width, sample->height );
if( showsamples )
{
cvNamedWindow( "Sample", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE );
}
strcpy( fullname, infoname );
/*strrchr() 函数查找字符在指定字符串中从后面开始的第一次出现的位置,如果成功,则返回从该位置到字符串结尾的所有字符,如果失败,则返回 false。与之相对应的是strchr()函数,它查找字符串中首次出现指定字符的位置。*/
filename = strrchr( fullname, '\\' );//获取正样本描述文件的文件名,剔除路径
if( filename == NULL )
{
filename = strrchr( fullname, '/' );
}
if( filename == NULL )
{
filename = fullname;
}
else
{
//正常情况,将指针指向‘\’后面的第一个字符
filename++;
}
//遍历每张正样本图片,将其信息写入vec文件
for( line = 1, error = 0, total = 0; total < num ;line++ )
{
int count;
/*
fscanf功能: 从一个流中执行格式化输入,fscanf遇到空格和换行时结束,注意空格时也结束。
intfscanf(FILE*stream,constchar*format,[argument...]);
FILE *stream:文件指针;
char *format:格式字符串;
[argument...]:输入列表。
返回值:整型,成功读入的参数的个数
*/
error = ( fscanf( info, "%s %d", filename, &count ) != 2 );
//info——正样本描述文件的文件流
// 正样本描述文件每一行的格式 pos_image/0.bmp 1 0 0 24 24
//注意!filename是指向fullname的指针。所以这里以filename作为读入数据的参数,实际上修改的是fullname的内容。读入信息后fullname表示某一个正样本图片的地址(相对路径)
//count 表示文件的个数
if( !error )//说明读取是正确的,获取样本图片
{
src = cvLoadImage( fullname, 0 );//读取一副正样本图像(强制转化为灰度图像)
error = ( src == NULL );
if( error )
{
#if CV_VERBOSE
fprintf( stderr, "Unable to open image: %s\n", fullname );
#endif /* CV_VERBOSE */
}
}
//遍历当前样本图片中的所有子窗口样本。
//一般情况下的使用方法是只有一个子窗口也就是整幅样本图片,
即count=1,且x=0 y=0 width height就是样本的宽和高
for( i = 0; (i < count) && (total < num); i++, total++ )
{
error = ( fscanf( info, "%d %d %d %d", &x, &y, &width, &height ) != 4 );
//读取当前图像的顶点坐标以及长宽
if( error ) break;
// cvSetImageROI 基于给定的矩形设置图像的ROI(感兴趣区域)
cvSetImageROI( src, cvRect( x, y, width, height ) );
void cvResize( const CvArr* src, CvArr* dst, int interpolation=CV_INTER_LINEAR );
函数cvResize()功能: 重新调整图像src(或它的ROI),使它精确匹配目标dst(或其ROI)。这里需要说明的是,cvResize可以用来调整3通道图像(如RGB图像)和单通道图像的大小。
src 源图像; dst 目标图像
cvResize( src, sample, width >= sample->width &&
height >= sample->height ? CV_INTER_AREA : CV_INTER_LINEAR );
if( showsamples )
{
cvShowImage( "Sample", sample );
if( cvWaitKey( 0 ) == 27 )
{
showsamples = 0;
}
}
//将当前这幅样本图片信息写入vec文件中
icvWriteVecSample( vec, sample );
}
//释放当前的图片占用的内存
if( src )
{
cvReleaseImage( &src );
}
if( error )
{
#if CV_VERBOSE
fprintf( stderr, "%s(%d) : parse error", infoname, line );
#endif /* CV_VERBOSE */
break;
}
}
if( sample )
{
cvReleaseImage( &sample );
}
fclose( vec );
fclose( info );
return total;
}