进程管理 Process Management

Process Management

Summary

命令	说明	参数选项	备注
ps aux	显示进程状态	a: all	BSD style
		u: effective user
		x command
ps -elf	显示进程状态	e: all = A	SYSV style
		l： long format
		f: full-format listing	可以显示ppid
pstree -u	显示进程所属用户
pstree -p	显示进程的pid		结合|more 输出

Practice

ps aux

[root@tt ~]# ps aux
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.0 0.0 190908 3672 ? Ss 2019 5:18 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 2019 0:00 [kthreadd]

[root@tt ~]# ps au
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1529 0.0 0.0 115524 2156 pts/0 Ss 07:34 0:00 -bash

[root@tt ~]# ps x
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 5:18 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]

ps -elf

[root@tt ~]# ps -lef
F S UID PID PPID C PRI NI ADDR SZ WCHAN STIME TTY TIME CMD
4 S root 1 0 0 80 0 - 47727 ep_pol 2019 ? 00:05:18 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 21

pstree -u 显示进程所属用户

[root@tt ~]# pstree -u
systemd─┬─AutonomyIDOLSer───20*[{AutonomyIDOLSer}]
├─CFS.exe─┬─2*[kvoop───{kvoop}]
│ └─29*[{CFS.exe}]
├─NetworkManager─┬─dhclient
│ └─2*[{NetworkManager}]
├─agentstore.exe───20*[{agentstore.exe}]
├─analytics(propel)───java───31*[{java}]
├─auditd───{auditd}
├─2*[autossh───ssh]
├─category.exe───14*[{category.exe}]
├─chronyd(chrony)
├─community.exe───13*[{community.exe}]
├─containerd─┬─2*[containerd-shim─┬─socat]

pstree -p 显示进程的pid

[root@tt ~]# pstree -p | more
systemd(1)-±AutonomyIDOLSer(2708)-±{AutonomyIDOLSer}(2820)
| |-{AutonomyIDOLSer}(2854)
| |-{AutonomyIDOLSer}(2890)
| `-{AutonomyIDOLSer}(3682)
|-CFS.exe(2709)-±kvoop(3235)—{kvoop}(3236)

Service

Summary

命令	说明	参数选项	备注
service firewalld status	显示服务状态
systemctl status firewalld	显示服务状态
/ect/init.d	注册服务地址
vim /etc/inittab	运行级别		3：multi-user
systemctl get-default	得到系统运行级别
netstat -anp	查看所有的网络服务	a: all
		n: numeric not hostname
		p: pid/program name
chkconfig --list	列出所有服务运行级别启动状态
chkconfig idm --list	列出指定服务运行级别启动状态
chkconfig --level 2 idm off	修改特定运行级别启动状态		设置所有级别，不要写–level
运行级别设置成0或7	进入单用户模式修改为3

Practice

service firewalld status

[root@tt idm]# service firewalld status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)

[root@tt idm]# service iptables status
Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status iptables.service
● iptables.service - IPv4 firewall with iptables
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
[root@tt idm]#

/ect/init.d

vim /etc/inittab

systemctl get-default

[root@ttl init.d]# systemctl get-default
multi-user.target
[root@ttl init.d]#

如果不小心将默认的运行级别设置成0或7，怎么处理

进入单用户模式

chkconfig --list

[root@ttl init.d]# chkconfig --list

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

analytics      	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
apidoc         	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
autopass-ui    	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
idm            	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
idm-admin      	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
[root@ttl init.d]# 

chkconfig idm --list

chkconfig --level 2 idm off

[root@ttl init.d]# chkconfig idm --list

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

idm            	0:off	1:off	2:on	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
[root@ttl init.d]# chkconfig --level 2 idm off
[root@ttl init.d]# chkconfig idm --list

Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
      systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
      systemd configuration.

      If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
      To see services enabled on particular target use
      'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.

idm            	0:off	1:off	2:off	3:on	4:off	5:on	6:off
[root@ttl init.d]# 

Monitor Process Dynamically

Top

命令	说明	参数选项	备注	例子
top		-d delay time	unit : second	top -d 10
		-i idle	不显示任何闲置或僵尸进程	top -i
		-p	监控指定进程	top -p 12447
top交互命令		M	Memory 排序
		u	查看指定用户
		c	切换显示命令名称和完整命令行
		k	终止一个进程
		q	quit
		h	help

Other

iptables

防火墙放行端口文件 /etc/sysconfig/iptables

[root@tt sysconfig]# pwd
/etc/sysconfig
[root@ttl sysconfig]# vim iptables

1 # Generated by iptables-save v1.4.21 on Fri Jul 8 09:35:21 2016
2 *filter
3 :INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
4 :FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
5 :OUTPUT ACCEPT [29:6509]
6 -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
7 -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
8 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
9 -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
12 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 9800 -j ACCEPT
13 -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 9700 -j ACCEPT