SqlSession是mybaits的核心接口,在mybatis中有两个实现类,DefaultSqlSession和SqlSessionManager。DefaultSqlSession是单线程使用的,而SqlSessionManager在多线程环境下使用。
SqlSession的作用类似于一个JDBC中的Connection对象,代表着一个连接资源的启用。具体而言,它的作用有3个:获取Mapper接口,发送SQL给数据库,控制数据库事务。
SqlSession sqlSession = SqlSessionFactory.openSession();
接口是不能直接运行的,但是mybatis运用了动态代理技术使得接口能运行起来,mybatis会为这个接口生成一个代理对象,代理对象会去处理相关的逻辑。
我们知道,在spring中使用Mapper时,我们在需要使用Mapper时,只需要使用@Autowrired、@Resource和构造器等方式就可以注入Mapper,这里我们先不讨论spring中注入Mapper的原理,而是通过以下方式获取Mapper。
ItemMapper itemMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(ItemMapper.class);
从sqlSession的getMapper()
方法开始,我们将看到mybatis是如何实现Mapper的动态代理。
//上面我们已经说过,SqlSession有两个实现类,默认情况下是使用DefaultSqlSession,即单线程使用
public class DefaultSqlSession implements SqlSession {
//...
@Override
public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type) {
return configuration.getMapper(type, this);
}
//...
}
DefaultSqlSession中的getMapper()
用到的是Configuration中的getMapper()
。继续跟踪代码,如下:
public class Configuration {
//...
public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
return mapperRegistry.getMapper(type, sqlSession);
}
//...
}
可以看到,最终使用的是MapperRegistry中的getMapper()
。继续跟踪代码,如下:
public class MapperRegistry {
/**
* 注册Mapper,存储Mapper的容器
*/
private final Map<Class<?>, MapperProxyFactory<?>> knownMappers = new HashMap<>();
//...
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T> T getMapper(Class<T> type, SqlSession sqlSession) {
final MapperProxyFactory<T> mapperProxyFactory = (MapperProxyFactory<T>) knownMappers.get(type);
//判读是否注册了该Mapper,没有则抛出异常信息
if (mapperProxyFactory == null) {
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is not known to the MapperRegistry.");
}
try {
//已经注册了该Mapper,启用MapperProxyFactory工厂生成一个Mapper代理实例。
return mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BindingException("Error getting mapper instance. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
public <T> boolean hasMapper(Class<T> type){
//...
}
public <T> void addMapper(Class<T> type) {
if (type.isInterface()) {
if (hasMapper(type)) {
throw new BindingException("Type " + type + " is already known to the MapperRegistry.");
}
boolean loadCompleted = false;
try {
knownMappers.put(type, new MapperProxyFactory<>(type));
// It's important that the type is added before the parser is run
// otherwise the binding may automatically be attempted by the
// mapper parser. If the type is already known, it won't try.
MapperAnnotationBuilder parser = new MapperAnnotationBuilder(config, type);
parser.parse();
loadCompleted = true;
} finally {
if (!loadCompleted) {
knownMappers.remove(type);
}
}
}
}
}
跟踪MapperRegistry中getMapper()
方法中的mapperProxyFactory.newInstance(sqlSession)
代码,如下:
public class MapperProxyFactory<T> {
private final Class<T> mapperInterface;
private final Map<Method, MapperMethod> methodCache = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
public MapperProxyFactory(Class<T> mapperInterface) {
this.mapperInterface = mapperInterface;
}
public Class<T> getMapperInterface() {
return mapperInterface;
}
public Map<Method, MapperMethod> getMethodCache() {
return methodCache;
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
protected T newInstance(MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy) {
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(mapperInterface.getClassLoader(), new Class[] {
mapperInterface }, mapperProxy);
}
public T newInstance(SqlSession sqlSession) {
final MapperProxy<T> mapperProxy = new MapperProxy<>(sqlSession, mapperInterface, methodCache);
return newInstance(mapperProxy);
}
}
在MapperProxyFactory中有两个newInstance()
方法,分别是newInstance(SqlSession)
和newInstance(MapperProxy)
。newInstance(SqlSession)
用来生成动态代理对象MapperProxy的实例,即代理方法invoke()
所在的类的实例;newInstance(MapperProxy)
则是用来绑定Mapper和动态代理对象。
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
try {
//判断该类是不是接口,一般为false
if (Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
return method.invoke(this, args);
//判断调用的方法是不是接口中的默认方法
} else if (method.isDefault()) {
if (privateLookupInMethod == null) {
return invokeDefaultMethodJava8(proxy, method, args);
} else {
return invokeDefaultMethodJava9(proxy, method, args);
}
}
} catch (Throwable t) {
throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(t);
}
//生成MapperMethod对象,通过cacheMapperMethod方法对其初始化
final MapperMethod mapperMethod = cachedMapperMethod(method);
//执行execute方法,把sqlSession和当前运行的参数传递进去
return mapperMethod.execute(sqlSession, args);
}
通常情况下,invoke()
方法中只用到了最后两行代码,对于最后第二行代码,使用cacheMapperMethod(Method)
生成MapperMethod对象,来看看cacheMapperMethod(Method)
是如何生成MapperMethod对象的。
private MapperMethod cachedMapperMethod(Method method) {
return methodCache.computeIfAbsent(method,
k -> new MapperMethod(mapperInterface, method, sqlSession.getConfiguration()));
}
default V computeIfAbsent(K key,
Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction);
V v;
if ((v = get(key)) == null) {
V newValue;
if ((newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) {
put(key, newValue);
return newValue;
}
}
return v;
}
mappingFunction是一个函数式接口,代码如下:
@FunctionalInterface
public interface Function<T, R> {
R apply(T t);
default <V> Function<V, R> compose(Function<? super V, ? extends T> before) {
Objects.requireNonNull(before);
return (V v) -> apply(before.apply(v));
}
default <V> Function<T, V> andThen(Function<? super R, ? extends V> after) {
Objects.requireNonNull(after);
return (T t) -> after.apply(apply(t));
}
static <T> Function<T, T> identity() {
return t -> t;
}
}
从methondCache调用computeIfAbsent开始,先使用lambda表示式实现了mappingFunction中的apply方法,这个方法的实现只是生成并返回一个MapperMethod对象。接着,进入到computeIfAbsent方法内部,先判断methodCache中是否存在对应的MapperMethod对象,如果存在则直接返回,不存在则调用mappingFunction的apply方法生成并返回MapperMethod对象,接着将这个对象放入mapperCache中。这一步的目的主要是为了提高性能,将MapperMethod对象放入缓存,而不是每次调用都对其进行初始化。
完成对MapperMethod的初始化之后,调用MapperMethod的execute()
方法,将sqlSession和当前运行的参数传递进去,跟踪代码如下:
public Object execute(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
Object result;
switch (command.getType()) {
case INSERT: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.insert(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case UPDATE: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.update(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case DELETE: {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = rowCountResult(sqlSession.delete(command.getName(), param));
break;
}
case SELECT:
if (method.returnsVoid() && method.hasResultHandler()) {
executeWithResultHandler(sqlSession, args);
result = null;
} else if (method.returnsMany()) {
result = executeForMany(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsMap()) {
result = executeForMap(sqlSession, args);
} else if (method.returnsCursor()) {
result = executeForCursor(sqlSession, args);
} else {
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
result = sqlSession.selectOne(command.getName(), param);
if (method.returnsOptional()
&& (result == null || !method.getReturnType().equals(result.getClass()))) {
result = Optional.ofNullable(result);
}
}
break;
case FLUSH:
result = sqlSession.flushStatements();
break;
default:
throw new BindingException("Unknown execution method for: " + command.getName());
}
if (result == null && method.getReturnType().isPrimitive() && !method.returnsVoid()) {
throw new BindingException("Mapper method '" + command.getName()
+ " attempted to return null from a method with a primitive return type (" + method.getReturnType() + ").");
}
return result;
}
跟踪其中的executeForMany()
方法,代码如下:
private <E> Object executeForMany(SqlSession sqlSession, Object[] args) {
List<E> result;
Object param = method.convertArgsToSqlCommandParam(args);
if (method.hasRowBounds()) {
RowBounds rowBounds = method.extractRowBounds(args);
result = sqlSession.selectList(command.getName(), param, rowBounds);
} else {
result = sqlSession.selectList(command.getName(), param);
}
// issue #510 Collections & arrays support
if (!method.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(result.getClass())) {
if (method.getReturnType().isArray()) {
return convertToArray(result);
} else {
return convertToDeclaredCollection(sqlSession.getConfiguration(), result);
}
}
return result;
}
在上述代码中,采用命令模式运行,根据上下文跳转到需要的方法中。至此,根据源码我们可以很清除,实际上最后就是通过SqlSession对象去运行对象的SQL。
因为Mapper的XML文件的命名空间namespace对应的是这个接口的全限定名,而方法就是那条SQL的id,mybatis根据全限定名和方法名,将其和代理对象绑定起来,通过动态代理技术,让这个接口运行起来,而后采用命令模式,最终使用SqlSession接口的方法使得它能够执行对应的SQL。