ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode的解决办法

安装完oracle 数据库后启动时，遇到ora-01102错误。
[email protected]:/home/oracle>sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Apr 15 16:17:39 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.7103E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2243608 bytes
Variable Size            8455717864 bytes
Database Buffers         8623489024 bytes
Redo Buffers               21712896 bytes
ORA-01102: cannot mount database in EXCLUSIVE mode

查了metalink，了解到  ORA-1102 错误原因：
1 在ORACLE_HOME/dbs/存在 "sgadef.dbf" 文件或者lk 文件。这两个文件是用来用于锁内存的。
2 oracle的 pmon, smon, lgwr and dbwr等进程未正常关闭。
3 数据库关闭后，共享内存或者信号量依然被占用。
lk说明DATABASE 已经是MOUNT状态了,不用再次MOUNT.当 DATABASE 被UNMOUNT 后会被自动删除,如果DATABASE没有MOUNT,却依然存在这个问题，只有手工将其删除。
具体解决ORA-01102问题的步骤:
--------------------
[email protected]:/apsarapangu/disk1/opt/oracle/products/11.2.0>cd dbs
[email protected]:/apsarapangu/disk1/opt/oracle/products/11.2.0/dbs>ll lk*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Apr 15 15:43 lkORCL

使用fuser -u lkORCL 查看使用 lkORCL 文件的进程和用户。-u 为进程号后圆括号中的本地进程提供登录名。
[email protected]:/apsarapangu/disk1/opt/oracle/products/11.2.0/dbs>/sbin/fuser -u lkORCL
lkORCL:              21007(oracle) 21009(oracle) 21015(oracle) 21019(oracle) 21023(oracle) 21025(oracle) 21027(oracle) 21029(oracle) 21031(oracle) 21033(oracle) 21035(oracle) 21037(oracle) 21039(oracle) 21041(oracle)

使用 fuser -k  lkORCL  杀死这些正在访问lkORCL的进程   -k 杀死这些正在访问这些文件的进程。
[email protected]:/apsarapangu/disk1/opt/oracle/products/11.2.0/dbs>/sbin/fuser -k lkORCL
lkORCL:              21007 21009 21015 21019 21023 21025 21027 21029 21031 21033 21035 21037 21039 21041

确认：相关进程全被终止。
[email protected]:/apsarapangu/disk1/opt/oracle/products/11.2.0/dbs>/sbin/fuser -u lkORCL

重新启动：
sqlplus"/as sysdba"       
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Fri Apr 15 16:30:16 2011
Copyright (c) 1982, 2010, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1.7103E+10 bytes
Fixed Size                  2243608 bytes
Variable Size            8455717864 bytes
Database Buffers         8623489024 bytes
Redo Buffers               21712896 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.