一套Linux上的11.1.0.7的physical standby物理备库在使用fast incremental backup进行高于0级的增量备份时会出现ORA-19648错误，其出错记录如下：
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;
Starting backup at 22-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_22m6ov92_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_23m6ovap_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_enc_25m6ovba_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_system_21m6ov92_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_example_24m6ovar_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_users_26m6ovba_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_1 channel at 03/22/2011 20:20:28
ORA-19648: datafile 2: incremental-start SCN equals checkpoint SCN
ORA-19640: datafile checkpoint is SCN 1249353 time 03/09/2011 05:50:27
continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03009: failure of backup command on ORA_DISK_2 channel at 03/22/2011 20:22:33
ORA-19648: datafile 1: incremental-start SCN equals checkpoint SCN
ORA-19640: datafile checkpoint is SCN 1249352 time 03/09/2011 05:50:26
经过分析该ORA-19640->ORA-19648是由11.1.0.7上的Bug引起的，MOS已经确认其为Bug 9288598:
Affects:
Product (Component) Oracle Server (Rdbms)
Range of versions believed to be affected Versions BELOW 12.1
Versions confirmed as being affected
11.1.0.7
Platforms affected Generic (all / most platforms affected)
Fixed:
This issue is fixed in
12.1 (Future Release)
11.2.0.2 (Server Patch Set)
An RMAN Backup incremental level 1 can fail with ORA-19648 / ORA-19640 if the standby database is open read only rather than just skipping the datafile.
PROBLEM:
--------
Following error occurring during incremental backup:
Starting backup at 02-DEC-2009 20:37:44
allocated channel: ORA_SBT_TAPE_1
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: SID=154 device type=SBT_TAPE
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: Veritas NetBackup for Oracle - Release 6.5
(2008052301)
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002
name=/data/ora_data01/KAHCB4P/KAHCB4P_sysaux_01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001
name=/data/ora_data01/KAHCB4P/KAHCB4P_system_01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003
name=/data/ora_data01/KAHCB4P/KAHCB4P_undo_01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004
name=/data/ora_data01/KAHCB4P/KAHCB4P_users_01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005
name=/data/ora_data01/KAHCB4P/KAHCB4P_tools_01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006
name=/data/ora_data01/KAHCB4P/KAHCB4P_backup_test_01.dbf
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting piece 1 at 02-DEC-2009 20:38:01
RMAN-3009: failure of backup command on ORA_SBT_TAPE_1 channel at 12/02/2009
20:38:02
ORA-19648: datafile 2: incremental-start SCN equals checkpoint SCN
ORA-19640: datafile checkpoint is SCN 3911695 time 11/27/2009 12:36:48
continuing other job steps, job failed will not be re-run
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_SBT_TAPE_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
including current control file in backup set
including current SPFILE in backup set
DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS:
--------------------
Same problem as Bug 6903819
Requested backport, but this hasn't fixed the problem.
Confirmed that the patch was installed correctly and relinked successfully.
RELEASE NOTES:
]]Backup incremental leve 1 fails with ORA-19648 and ORA-19640 when standby
]]database opened for read only.
*** 02/14/10 02:43 pm *** (ADD: Impact/Symptom->FEATURE UNUSABLE )
REDISCOVERY INFORMATION:
Backup incremental level 1 fails with ORA-19648 and the standby database is
open read-only.
WORKAROUND:
None
可以从上述Note中看到该Bug需要到11.2.0.2中才得到fix，那么在11.1.0.7上我们有什么办法能解决或者绕过该问题吗？
经过测试，我得到2种workaround的方法：
该ORA-19648错误首先可以通过在物理备库(physical standby)上停止介质恢复(MRP)进程的方式来workaround：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;
Starting backup at 22-MAR-11
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=141 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=140 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_22m6ov92_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_users_26m6ovba_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_enc_25m6ovba_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_system_21m6ov92_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_23m6ovap_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_example_24m6ovar_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
piece handle=/standby/backup/2km7suui_1_1.bak tag=TAG20110322T212538 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:33
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
piece handle=/standby/backup/2lm7suv1_1_1.bak tag=TAG20110322T212538 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:27
Finished backup at 22-MAR-11
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAR-11
piece handle=/standby/backup/c-157018592-20110322-01.bak comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAR-11
该ORA-19648错误也可以通过禁用fast incremental backup的块跟踪(block change tracking)特性来绕过问题，当然在可能的情况下我们更推荐使用上面那种方法，因为毕竟还可以利用到fast incremental backup特性：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;
Database altered.
SQL> select process,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS STATUS
--------- ------------
ARCH CONNECTED
ARCH CONNECTED
ARCH CONNECTED
ARCH CONNECTED
MRP0 APPLYING_LOG
SQL> select status from v$block_change_tracking;
STATUS
----------
ENABLED
SQL> alter database disable block change tracking;
Database altered.
RMAN> backup incremental level 2 database;
Starting backup at 22-MAR-11
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 2 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_22m6ov92_.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_users_26m6ovba_.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_enc_25m6ovba_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting incremental level 2 datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_system_21m6ov92_.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_23m6ovap_.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/standby/oradata/SBDB2/datafile/o1_mf_example_24m6ovar_.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
piece handle=/standby/backup/2nm7sv8d_1_1.bak tag=TAG20110322T213052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 22-MAR-11
piece handle=/standby/backup/2om7sv8s_1_1.bak tag=TAG20110322T213052 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 22-MAR-11
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAR-11
piece handle=/standby/backup/c-157018592-20110322-02.bak comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 22-MAR-11
原文地址：http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/fast-incremental-backup-failed-on-standby-database.html