MySQL数据库恢复

使用mysqlbinlog命令恢复数据库。

binlog是通过记录二进制文件方式来备份数据，然后在从二进制文件将数据恢复到某一时段或某一操作点。

1：开启binlog日志记录

修改mysql配置文件mysql.ini，在[mysqld]节点下添加

# log-bin
log-bin = E:/log/logbin.log

# log-bin

log-bin = E:/log/logbin.log

路径中不要包含中文和空格。重启mysql服务。通过命令行停止和启动mysql服务

c:\>net stop mysql;
c:\>net start mysql;

c:\>net stop mysql;

c:\>net start mysql;

进入命令行进入mysql并查看二进制日志是否已经启动

mysql>show variables like 'log_%';

mysql>show variables like 'log_%';

日志成功开启后，会在E:/log/目录下创建logbin.index和logbin.000001两个文件。logbin.000001就是数据库的备份文件，以后就可以通过此文件对数据库进行恢复操作。 

2：查看备份的二进制文件

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001

   日后记录的操作多了，命令行方式基本就用不上了。可以使用将日志导出文件的方式来查看日志内容

   2.1 导出

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001 > e:/log/log.txt

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001 > e:/log/log.txt

   ">": 导入到文件中; ">>": 追加到文件中

   如果有多个日志文件

c:\mysql\bin\> mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001 >  e:/log/log.sql
c:\mysql\bin\> mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000002 >> e:/log/log.sql

c:\mysql\bin\> mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001 >  e:/log/log.sql

c:\mysql\bin\> mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000002 >> e:/log/log.sql 

   2.2 按指定位置导出：

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-position=185 --stop-position=338 e:/log/logbin.000001 > e:/log/log3.txt

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-position=185 --stop-position=338 e:/log/logbin.000001 > e:/log/log3.txt

   2.3 按指定时间导出：

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2010-01-07 11:25:56" --stop-datetime="2010-01-07 13:23:50" e:/log/logbin.000001 > e:/log/log_by_date22.txt

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2010-01-07 11:25:56" --stop-datetime="2010-01-07 13:23:50" e:/log/logbin.000001 > e:/log/log_by_date22.txt

  

3：从备份恢复数据库

    做了一次更新操作，之后日志的内容如下：

/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
# at 4
#110107 13:23:50 server id 1  end_log_pos 106   Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.1.53-community-log created 110107 13:23:50 at startup
# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.
ROLLBACK/*!*/;
BINLOG '
ZqMmTQ8BAAAAZgAAAGoAAAABAAQANS4xLjUzLWNvbW11bml0eS1sb2cAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABmoyZNEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAUwAEGggAAAAICAgC
'/*!*/;
# at 106
#110107 13:26:58 server id 1  end_log_pos 185   Query   thread_id=44    exec_time=1 error_code=0
SET TIMESTAMP=1294378018/*!*/;
SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=44/*!*/;
SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=1, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;
SET @@session.sql_mode=1344274432/*!*/;
SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;
/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;
SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;
SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;
SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;
BEGIN
/*!*/;
# at 185
#110107 13:26:58 server id 1  end_log_pos 338   Query   thread_id=44    exec_time=1 error_code=0
use ncl-interactive/*!*/;
SET TIMESTAMP=1294378018/*!*/;
UPDATE `t_system_id` SET `id_value`='3000' WHERE (`table_name`='t_working_day')
/*!*/;
# at 338
#110107 13:26:58 server id 1  end_log_pos 365   Xid = 8016
COMMIT/*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
DELIMITER ;
# End of log file
ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;
/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;

/*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;

/*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;

DELIMITER /*!*/;

# at 4

#110107 13:23:50 server id 1  end_log_pos 106 	Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.1.53-community-log created 110107 13:23:50 at startup

# Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly.

ROLLBACK/*!*/;

BINLOG '

ZqMmTQ8BAAAAZgAAAGoAAAABAAQANS4xLjUzLWNvbW11bml0eS1sb2cAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABmoyZNEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAUwAEGggAAAAICAgC

'/*!*/;

# at 106

#110107 13:26:58 server id 1  end_log_pos 185 	Query	thread_id=44	exec_time=1	error_code=0

SET TIMESTAMP=1294378018/*!*/;

SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=44/*!*/;

SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=1, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/;

SET @@session.sql_mode=1344274432/*!*/;

SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/;

/*!\C utf8 *//*!*/;

SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/;

SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/;

SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/;

BEGIN

/*!*/;

# at 185

#110107 13:26:58 server id 1  end_log_pos 338 	Query	thread_id=44	exec_time=1	error_code=0

use ncl-interactive/*!*/;

SET TIMESTAMP=1294378018/*!*/;

UPDATE `t_system_id` SET `id_value`='3000' WHERE (`table_name`='t_working_day')

/*!*/;

# at 338

#110107 13:26:58 server id 1  end_log_pos 365 	Xid = 8016

COMMIT/*!*/;

DELIMITER ;

DELIMITER /*!*/;

DELIMITER ;

# End of log file

ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */;

/*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/;

  3.1 恢复：

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001 | mysql -u root -p

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog e:/log/logbin.000001 | mysql -u root -p

   3.2 按指定位置恢复：

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-position=185 --stop-position=338 e:/log/logbin.000001 | mysql -u root -p

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-position=185 --stop-position=338 e:/log/logbin.000001 | mysql -u root -p 

   3.3 按指定时间恢复：

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2010-01-07 11:25:56" --stop-datetime="2010-01-07 13:23:50" e:/log/logbin.000001 | mysql -u root -p

c:\mysql\bin\>mysqlbinlog --start-datetime="2010-01-07 11:25:56" --stop-datetime="2010-01-07 13:23:50" e:/log/logbin.000001 | mysql -u root -p 

   3.4 通过导出的脚本文件恢复

c:\mysql\bin\>mysql -e "source e:/log/log.sql"

c:\mysql\bin\>mysql -e "source e:/log/log.sql"

4.其他常用操作

    4.1 查看所有日志文件

mysql>show master logs;

mysql>show master logs;

    4.2 当前使用的binlog文件

mysql>show binlog events \g;

mysql>show binlog events \g;

    4.3 产生一个新的binlog日志文件

mysql>flush logs;

mysql>flush logs;

    4.4 删除所有二进制日志，并从新开始记录（注意：reset master命令会删除所有的二进制日志）

mysql > flush logs;
mysql > reset master;

mysql > flush logs;

mysql > reset master;

    4.5 快速备份数据到sql文件

c:\mysql\bin>mysqldump -u root -p --opt --quick interactive > e:/log/mysqldump.sql

c:\mysql\bin>mysqldump -u root -p --opt --quick interactive > e:/log/mysqldump.sql

    为了方便查看，把从脚本恢复的命令在写一次

c:\mysql\bin\>mysql -e "source e:/log/mysqldump.sql"