曾经写过一个模块,当运行Linux内核的机器死机时,SSH肯定无法登录了,但只要它还响应中断,就尽力让它可以通过网络带回一些信息。陈年的事了:
https://blog.csdn.net/dog250/article/details/43370611
今日重提这件事,不陌生,但纠结。
本文不谈sysrq,也不谈别的。
Linux内核在发生soft lockup的时候,是可以ping通的,只要没有关中断,ping通一般没有问题。既然可以ping通,何必不带回一些真正重要的信息而不仅仅是echo的reply?
且慢,你可能会觉得这一切没有意义,懂kdump的人都会这么抬杠,毕竟如果这个时候让内核panic掉,保留一个vmcore,事后便可以随便分析了。
哈哈,我也不是不懂kdump,我当然懂得如何分析vmcore,我只是不信任它而已,我不觉得它保留有足够的信息,相比之下,我只想知道在事故发生的当时,到底发生了什么,因此,我需要尽可能的去debug将死未死的系统,也就是说,我想要获取已经soft lockup的内核的信息。
如果你重启了内核,保留了一具vmcore尸体,如果是攻击的情况,很可能在系统重启的过程中,攻击者就发觉了,暂停了攻击或者更改了方式…
不要在既有的框架内就事论事,找些没文化的流氓一起讨论会比和经理讨论可能更有收获。有的时候我不想争论,不是说我不善于争论,而是我觉得和我争论的人根本不知道我在说什么,唉。
SSH已经不能指望了,怎么办?
想法简单,不足道,仅仅是个POC,也希望能有人一起讨论:
好了,看代码,先给出载入内核的代码,这个代码的大部分都是我从网上抄来的,并不是自己写的,我只是重组了逻辑:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define IPPROTO_MYPROTO 123
#define QUOTA 30
struct sk_buff *eskb[QUOTA];
static int quota = QUOTA - 1;
//module_param(quota, int, 0644);
//MODULE_PARM_DESC(quota, "soft_lockup");
unsigned short _csum(unsigned short* data, int len)
{
int pad = 0;
int i = 0;
unsigned short ret = 0;
unsigned int sum = 0;
if (len % 2 != 0)
pad = 1;
len /= 2;
for ( i = 0; i < len; i++) {
sum += data[i];
}
if (pad == 1)
sum += ((unsigned char*)(data + len))[0] ;
sum = (sum & 0xffff) + (sum >> 16);
sum += (sum >> 16);
ret = ~sum;
return ret;
}
int myproto_rcv(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct udphdr *uh, *euh;
struct iphdr *iph, *eiph;
struct ethhdr *eh, *ethh;
char esaddr[6];
unsigned char *pos;
if (quota < 0) {
goto end;
}
iph = ip_hdr(skb);
uh = udp_hdr(skb);
eh = (struct ethhdr *)(((unsigned char *)iph) - sizeof(struct ethhdr));
// 出事的时候,直接构造已经分配的skb
eskb[quota]->ip_summed = CHECKSUM_NONE;
eskb[quota]->protocol = htons(ETH_P_IP);
eskb[quota]->priority = 0;
eskb[quota]->dev = skb->dev;
eskb[quota]->pkt_type = PACKET_OTHERHOST;
skb_reserve(eskb[quota], 1300 + sizeof(struct ethhdr) + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr));
pos = skb_push(eskb[quota], 1300);
strcpy(pos, "abcdefghijk123456789");
pos = skb_push(eskb[quota], sizeof(struct udphdr));
skb_reset_transport_header(eskb[quota]);
euh = (struct udphdr *)pos;
euh->source = uh->dest;
euh->dest = uh->source;
euh->len = htons(1300 + sizeof(struct udphdr));
euh->check = 0;
memcpy(pos - 12, &iph->daddr, 4);
memcpy(pos - 8, &iph->saddr, 4);
((unsigned short *)(pos - 4))[0] = 0x1100;
memcpy(pos - 2, &euh->len, sizeof(euh->len));
euh->check = _csum((unsigned short*)(pos - 12), 12 + 1300 + sizeof(struct udphdr));
pos = skb_push(eskb[quota], sizeof(struct iphdr));
skb_reset_network_header(eskb[quota]);
eiph = (struct iphdr *)pos;
eiph->version = 4;
eiph->ihl = 5;
eiph->tos = 0;
eiph->tot_len = htons(1300 + sizeof(struct udphdr) + sizeof(struct iphdr));
eiph->id = 0x1122;
eiph->frag_off = 0;
eiph->ttl = 64;
eiph->protocol = 0x11;
eiph->check = 0;
eiph->saddr = iph->daddr;
eiph->daddr = iph->saddr;
eiph->check = _csum((unsigned short*)pos, sizeof(struct iphdr));
pos = skb_push(eskb[quota], sizeof(struct ethhdr));
skb_reset_mac_header(eskb[quota]);
ethh = (struct ethhdr *)pos;
memcpy(esaddr, eh->h_dest, 6);
memcpy(ethh->h_dest, eh->h_source, ETH_ALEN);
memcpy(ethh->h_source, eh->h_dest, ETH_ALEN);
ethh->h_proto = htons(ETH_P_IP);
printk("myproto_rcv is called, length:%d %x %x\n", skb->len, esaddr[2], esaddr[3]);
dev_queue_xmit(eskb[quota]);
quota --;
end:
kfree_skb(skb);
return 0;
}
int myproto_rcv_err(struct sk_buff *skb, unsigned int err)
{
printk("myproto_rcv is called:%d\n", err);
kfree_skb(skb);
return 0;
}
static const struct net_protocol myproto_protocol = {
.handler = myproto_rcv,
.err_handler = myproto_rcv_err,
.no_policy = 1,
.netns_ok = 1,
};
int init_module(void)
{
int ret = 0, i;
// 事先分配skb
for (i = 0; i < QUOTA; i++) {
eskb[i] = alloc_skb(1300 + sizeof(struct ethhdr) + sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr), GFP_ATOMIC);
if (eskb[i] == NULL) {
//int j;
//for () {
//}
printk("alloc failed\n");
return -1;
}
}
// 注册123协议,它不是TCP,UDP,ICMP
ret = inet_add_protocol(&myproto_protocol, IPPROTO_MYPROTO);
if (ret) {
printk("failed\n");
return ret;
}
printk("successful\n");
return 0;
}
void cleanup_module(void)
{
int rc = 0;
inet_del_protocol(&myproto_protocol, IPPROTO_MYPROTO);
//for (i = quota; i >=0; i--) {
//kfree_skb(eskb[i]);
//}
return;
}
int init_module(void);
void cleanup_module(void);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
来来来,看一下客户端的代码。
客户端需要通过raw套接字发送一个“请求”,它的传输层协议是123,然而回复的却是一个标准的UDP报文,所以客户端需要在该UDP上接收。
代码如下:
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#define PCKT_LEN 8192
unsigned short csum(unsigned short *buf, int nwords)
{
unsigned long sum;
for(sum=0; nwords>0; nwords--)
sum += *buf++;
sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum &0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 16);
return (unsigned short)(~sum);
}
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
int sd, usd;
struct iphdr *ip;
struct udphdr *udp;
struct sockaddr_in sin, usin, csin;
u_int16_t src_port, dst_port;
u_int32_t src_addr, dst_addr;
int one = 1;
const int *val = &one;
int dlen, rlen, clen = sizeof(csin);
char *data;
char buf[1300];
if (argc != 6) {
printf("Usage: %s , argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
src_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
dst_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]);
src_port = atoi(argv[2]);
dst_port = atoi(argv[4]);
dlen = atoi(argv[5]);
data = malloc(sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr) + dlen);
ip = (struct iphdr *)data;
udp = (struct udphdr *)(data + sizeof(struct iphdr));
sd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_UDP);
if (sd < 0) {
perror("raw error");
exit(2);
}
if(setsockopt(sd, IPPROTO_IP, IP_HDRINCL, val, sizeof(one)) < 0) {
perror("setsockopt() error");
exit(2);
}
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(dst_port);
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[3]);
ip->ihl = 5;
ip->version = 4;
ip->tos = 16; // low delay
ip->tot_len = sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr) + dlen;
ip->id = htons(54321);
ip->ttl = 64; // hops
ip->protocol = 123; // UDP
ip->saddr = src_addr;
ip->daddr = dst_addr;
udp->source = htons(src_port);
udp->dest = htons(dst_port);
udp->len = htons(sizeof(struct udphdr) + dlen);
ip->check = csum((unsigned short *)data, sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr) + dlen);
usd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if (usd < 0) {
perror("usd error");
exit(2);
}
bzero(&usin, sizeof(usin));
usin.sin_family = AF_INET;
usin.sin_port = htons(src_port);
usin.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
if (bind(usd, (struct sockaddr *)&usin, sizeof(usin))) {
perror("bind error");
exit(2);
}
if (sendto(sd, data, ip->tot_len, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) < 0) {
perror("sendto()");
exit(3);
}
rlen = recvfrom(usd, buf, sizeof(buf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&csin, &clen);
printf("recv:%s\n", buf);
close(sd);
return 0;
}
…
好了,我们在服务端加载内核模块,制造一个死锁或者玩一个fork炸弹,SSH已经无法登录但是能ping通的情况下,执行我们的客户端程序,可以完美给出结果。
我们只需要把“abcdefghijk123456789”改成当前内核能取到的信息即可,没意思也不好玩了。
哦,对了,必须补充一段。这个代码有很多不可行的情况,比如你用了_irq前缀把硬中断禁用了,比如你的网络拓扑不是直来直往的,比如你有更好的带外系统,比如各种其它的不适用。但是至少,在直连的情况下,你SSH都登录不上了,我这个破烂玩意儿可以带回一些信息,哪怕只是一双皮鞋。
浙江温州皮鞋湿,下雨进水不会胖。