应用_上下文对象是通过new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件)方式获取的,但是每次从容器中获得Bean时都要编写new ClasspathXmlApplicationContext(spring配置文件),这样的弊端是配置文件加载多次,应用上下文对象创建多次。
在Web项目中,可以使用ServletContextListener监听Web应用的启动, 我们可以在Web应用启动时,就加载Spring的配置文件,创建应用上下文对象ApplicationContext,在将其存储到最大的域servletContext域中,这样就可以在任意位置从域中获得应用上下文ApplicationContext对象了。
web.xml
contextConfigLocation
classpath:applicationContext.xml
AccountServlet
dowin.web.AccountServlet
AccountServlet
/accountServlet
dowin.listener.ContextLoaderListener
ContextLoaderListener
package dowin.listener;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;
public class ContextLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener {
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
ServletContext servletContext = servletContextEvent.getServletContext();
//读取web.xml中的全局参数
String contextConfigLocation = servletContext.getInitParameter("contextConfigLocation");
ApplicationContext app = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(contextConfigLocation);
//将Spring的应用上下文对象存储到ServletContext中
servletContext.setAttribute("app", app);
System.out.println("初始化Init Listener");
}
@Override
public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent servletContextEvent) {
}
}
WebApplicationContextUtils
public class WebApplicationContextUtils {
public static ApplicationContext getWebApplicationContext(ServletContext servletContext){
return (ApplicationContext) servletContext.getAttribute("app");
}
}
AccountServlet
public class AccountServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
accountService.save();
}
}
上面的分析不用手动实现,Spring提供了一个监听器ContextLoaderListener就是对上述功能的封装,该监听器内部加载Spring配置文件,创建应用上下文对象,并存储到ServletContext域中,提供了一个客户端工具WebApplicationContextUtils供使用者获得应用上下文对象。
所以我们需要做的只有两件事:
①在web.xml中配置ContextLoaderListener监听器 (导入spring-web坐标)
②使用WebApplicationContextUtils获得应用 上下文对象ApplicationContext
pom.xml
org.apache.maven.plugins
maven-compiler-plugin
9
9
org.springframework
spring-context
5.0.5.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-test
5.0.5.RELEASE
org.springframework
spring-web
5.0.5.RELEASE
org.aspectj
aspectjweaver
1.8.4
javax.servlet
javax.servlet-api
3.0.1
provided
javax.servlet.jsp
javax.servlet.jsp-api
2.2.1
provided
junit
junit
4.12
compile
mysql
mysql-connector-java
5.1.32
c3p0
c3p0
0.9.1.2
com.alibaba
druid
1.1.10
org.springframework
spring-jdbc
5.2.7.RELEASE
compile
web.xml
contextConfigLocation
classpath:applicationContext.xml
AccountServlet
dowin.web.AccountServlet
AccountServlet
/accountServlet
org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
AccountServlet
public class AccountServlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext servletContext = this.getServletContext();
//spring自带的WebApplicationContextUtils,不是上面自定义的
ApplicationContext app = WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(servletContext);
AccountService accountService = app.getBean(AccountService.class);
accountService.save();
}
}
报错:java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
实际在Idea中这样配置:
File > Project Structure > Artifacts > 在右侧Output Layout右击项目名,选择Put into Output Root,见下面截图:
执行后,在WEB-INF在增加了lib目录,里面是项目引用的jar包,点击OK。
重新启动Tomcat,这次成功发布。