实现了一个十分简单的学生信息管理系统,只是一个简单的雏形,没有放入数据库,只是写入txt文件,可以当作一个入门学习。实现了录入、查找、删除、修改学生信息和排序、统计学生人数以及显示学生信息的功能。
import os
filename = 'student_info.txt'
def main():
while True:
menu()
choice = int(input('请选择:'))
if choice in [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7]:
if choice==0:
answer = input('您确定要退出系统吗?(y/n):')
if answer=='y' or answer=='Y':
print('谢谢您的使用!!!')
break #退出系统
else:
continue
elif choice==1:
insert() #录入学生信息
elif choice==2:
search() #查找学生信息
elif choice==3:
delete() #删除学生信息
elif choice==4:
modify() #修改学生信息
elif choice==5:
sort() #排序
elif choice==6:
total() #统计学生总人数
elif choice==7:
show() #显示学生信息
def menu():
print('==============================学生信息管理系统======================================')
print('--------------------------------功能菜单-----------------------------------------')
print('\t\t\t\t1.录入学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t2.查找学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t3.删除学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t4.修改学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t5.排序')
print('\t\t\t\t6.统计学生总人数')
print('\t\t\t\t7.显示所有学生信息')
print('\t\t\t\t0.退出')
print('--------------------------------------------------------------------------------')
def insert():
student_list = []
while True:
id = input('请输入ID(如1001):')
if not id:
break
name = input('请输入姓名:')
if not name:
break
try:
english = int(input('请输入英语成绩:'))
python = int(input('请输入python成绩:'))
java = int(input('请输入java成绩:'))
except:
print('输入无效,请重新输入(整数)')
continue
#将录入的学生信息保存到字典中
student = {
'id':id,'name':name,'english':english,'python':python,'java':java}
#将学生信息添加到列表中
student_list.append(student)
answer = input('是否继续添加?(y/n):')
if answer =='y' or answer =='Y':
continue
else:
break
#调用save()函数来保存学生信息到txt中
save(student_list)
print('学生信息录入完毕!!!')
def save(lst):
try:
student_txt = open(filename,'a',encoding='utf-8')
except:
student_txt = open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8')
for item in lst:
student_txt.write(str(item)+'\n')
student_txt.close()
def search():
student_query = []
while True:
id = ''
name = ''
if os.path.exists(filename):
mode = input('按ID查找请输入1,按姓名查找请输入2:')
if mode =='1':
id = input('请输入要查询学生的ID:')
elif mode =='2':
name = input('请输入学生姓名:')
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入')
search()
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student = rfile.readlines()
for item in student:
d = dict(eval(item))
if id!='':
if d['id']==id:
student_query.append(d)
elif name!='':
if d['name']==name:
student_query.append(d)
#显示查询结果
show_student(student_query)
#清空列表
student_query.clear()
answer = input('是否继续查询?(y/n)\n')
if answer =='y' or answer=='Y':
continue
else:
break
else:
print('暂未保存学生信息')
return
def show_student(lst):
if len(lst)==0:
print('没有查询到学生信息,无数据显示!!!')
return
#定义标题显示格式
format_title = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^8}\t{:^10}\t{:^10}\t{:^8}'
print(format_title.format('ID','姓名','英语成绩','Python成绩','Java成绩','总成绩'))
#定义内容的显示格式
format_data = '{:^6}\t{:^12}\t{:^10}\t{:^11}\t{:^11}\t{:^9}'
for item in lst:
print(format_data.format(
item.get('id'),
item.get('name'),
item.get('english'),
item.get('python'),
item.get('java'),
int(item.get('english'))+int(item.get('python'))+int(item.get('java'))
))
def delete():
while True:
show()
student_id = input('请输入要删除的学生的ID:')
if student_id!='': #等同于 if not student_id:
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as file:
student_old = file.readlines()
else:
student_old = []
flag = False #标记是否删除
if student_old:
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
d={
}
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item)) #将字符串转化成字典 == eval(item) 有没有dict()都行,因为本身就是字典类型了
if d['id']!=student_id:
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
else:
flag = True
if flag:
print(f'id为{student_id}的学生信息已被删除')
else:
print(f'没有找到id为{student_id}的学生信息')
else:
print('无学生信息')
break
show() #删除之后要重新显示所有学生信息
answer = input('是否继续删除?(y/n)\n')
if answer=='y' or answer=='Y':
continue
else:
break
def modify():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_old = rfile.readlines()
else:
return
student_id = input('请输入要修改学员的ID:')
with open(filename,'w',encoding='utf-8') as wfile:
for item in student_old:
d = dict(eval(item))
if d['id'] == student_id:
print('找到学生信息,可以修改TA的相关信息了!')
while True:
try:
d['name'] = input('请输入姓名:')
d['english'] = input('请输入英语成绩:')
d['python'] = input('请输入python成绩:')
d['java'] = input('请输入java成绩:')
except:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!')
else:
break
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
print('修改成功!!!')
else:
wfile.write(str(d)+'\n')
answer = input('是否要继续修改其它学生信息?(y/n)')
if answer=='y' or answer=='Y':
modify()
def sort():
show()
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student_list = rfile.readlines()
student_new = []
for item in student_list:
d = dict(eval(item))
student_new.append(d)
else:
print('文件不存在!!!')
return
asc_or_desc = input('请选择(0.升序 1.降序):')
if asc_or_desc =='0':
asc_or_desc_bool = False
elif asc_or_desc == '1':
asc_or_desc_bool = True
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入')
sort()
mode = input('请选择排序方式(0.按序号排序 1.按英语成绩排序 2.按python成绩排序 3.按Java成绩排序 4.按总成绩排序):')
if mode == '0':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['id']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '1':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['english']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '2':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['python']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '3':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['java']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
elif mode == '4':
student_new.sort(key=lambda x:int(x['java'])+int(x['python'])+int(x['english']),reverse=asc_or_desc_bool)
else:
print('您的输入有误,请重新输入!!!')
sort()
show_student(student_new)
def total():
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
students = rfile.readlines()
if students:
print(f'一共有{len(students)}名学生')
else:
print('还没有录入学生信息')
else:
print('暂未保存数据信息......')
def show():
student_list = []
if os.path.exists(filename):
with open(filename,'r',encoding='utf-8') as rfile:
student = rfile.readlines()
for item in student:
student_list.append(eval(item)) #将字符串转化为字典类型
if student_list:
show_student(student_list) #调用显示学生信息的方法
else:
print('暂未保存数据信息!!!')
else:
print('暂未保存数据信息!!!')
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
记录一下整体流程,后续会具体思路。代码中有部分注释,是很容易理解的。可自行试验和添加功能(异常报错、将信息写入数据库等)。如有问题,欢迎指正。